TW462985B - Synthetic diesel fuel and process for its production - Google Patents
Synthetic diesel fuel and process for its production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW462985B TW462985B TW085112647A TW85112647A TW462985B TW 462985 B TW462985 B TW 462985B TW 085112647 A TW085112647 A TW 085112647A TW 85112647 A TW85112647 A TW 85112647A TW 462985 B TW462985 B TW 462985B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- patent application
- fraction
- item
- scope
- fuel
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 title abstract description 57
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 C12 undecyl alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011959 amorphous silica alumina Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000317410 Arisaema dracontium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100035957 Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050003304 Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012565 NMR experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical group [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium atom Chemical compound [Pu] OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940098465 tincture Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
462985 A 7 B7 修正 sa 3: ν θ 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明説明(i) I批 發明領域 本發明有關具髙十六烷值且可用爲柴油機燃料或其攙 合料之蒸餾物,及其製造方法。更清楚地說,本發明有關 於由費希爾一特普希獵而製備蒸餾物之方法。 發明背景 以不含或幾乎不含硫,氮或芳香類的清潔蒸餾物作爲 柴油機燃料或摻合柴油機燃料有或可能將有極大需求《具 相當高十六烷值的清潔蒸餾物特別有價值。典型的石油衍 生蒸餾物是不清潔的,因它們通常都含有顯著量之硫,氮 ,及芳香類且它們具相當低之十六烷值》清潔的蒸餾物可 由石油爲底之蒸餾物透過昂貴而激烈的加氫處理製得。如 此激烈之加氫處理對十六烷值的改善程度極小且對此燃料 之潤滑性有不利的影響。燃料潤滑性爲燃料輸送系統之效 率運轉所必需,可藉使用昂貴之添加物而改良之。由費希 爾一特普希蠘生產清潔而具高十六烷值之蒸餾物已於公開 文獻中討論過1但其所揭示製造此種蒸餾物之方法使蒸餾 物缺乏一或多種重要特性,如潤滑性。因此已揭示之費希 爾-特普希蒸餾物需與其它較不欲之物料摻合或使用昂貴 的添加劑β這些早期的設計提出將所有費希爾-特普希產 物(包括全部7 0 0 °F -之餾份)加氫處理。此加氫處理 致使蒸飽物中去除了含氧物質(oxygenates) * 藉本發明少量之含氧物質被保留,所得產物兼具高十 六烷值及高潤滑性•此產物可用爲柴油機燃料本身,或作 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公釐) -4 - 4 6 2 9 8 %(牛la:第85 1 1 2647 號專利申請案 中文說明書修正頁 民國90年4月呈 五、發明說明(2 ) 爲由其它較次級物質製備柴油機燃料之攙合物。 發明概述 依本發明,可用爲柴油機燃料或作爲柴油機燃料攙合 物且十六烷值至少大約6' 0 (較佳爲至少約7 0 ,更佳爲 至少約7 4 )的清潔蒸餾物宜由費希爾-特普希蠟且宜由 鈷或釕觸媒藉分離該蠟狀產品爲較重餾份及較輕餾份的方 式製得;名義上之分離在大約7 0 0 °F。因此較重餾份主 要含7 0 0 °F +者,而較輕餾份主要含7 0 0 °F —者。 蒸餾物係透過進一步分離7 0 0 °F -之餾份爲至少兩 個其它餾份;(i)其中之一含一級C12+醇類而(ii) 其中之一不含此醇類。餾份(ii)較宜爲500 °F —餾 份,更佳爲6 0 0°F —餾份,而更好是C5— 5 0 0 °F餾 份,或C5_6 0 0 °F餾份。將此餾份(ii )及較重皡份 在有加氫異構化觸媒及加氫異構化條件下進行加氫異構化 反應。這些餾份的加氫異構化可分別進行或於相同反應區 進行,較佳爲在同區進行。無論如何,將至少一部分之 7 0 0°F +物質轉化爲7 0 0 T-物質》接下來,將至少 一部分且較佳爲全部之經加氫異構化的7 0 〇°F_物質與 至少一部分而較佳爲全部之餾份(i)(較佳是5 0 0 -700 °F餾份,更佳爲600 — 700 T餾份,而更好是 以不含任何經加氫處理如加氫異構化爲特徵者)合併。由 此合併產物收取沸騰溫度範圍爲2 5 0 - 7 0 0°F之柴油 機燃料或柴油機攙合物,其具下述之特點。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公t ) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -— — — Ilf— --------- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 4 62985 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 _______ B7五、發明説明(3 ) 圖式簡單說明 第1圄是依本發明方法之示意圓· 第2圖是就2 5 0 — 5 Ο 0T餾份(上曲線)及 5 Ο 0 — 700T餾份(下曲線)之過氧化物值(縱座標 )與測試時間以日表示(橫座標)之圖。 圖式主要元件標號說明 1,3,4,7,8,10,11,12,14, 1 5,1 6 管路 2 費希爾-特普希反應器 5 加氫異構化單元 6 熱分離器 9 冷分離器 13 塔 1 7 流體 蛟佳實施例之說明 謹藉由圖式以詳細說明本發明之內容。將管路1內所 含適當比例的合成氣體,氫及一氧化碳送入費希爾-特普 希反應器2 (較佳爲漿料式反應器)並將產物經管路3和 4回收’分別爲700 °F +及700 °F —。較輕餾份經熱 分離器6,500 — 700 °F餾份回收於管路8,而 5 0 〇°F_之餾份回收於管路7。5 0 0 °F_之物質經冷 本紙珉尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (讀先閡讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 -6 - 462985 A7 B7五'發明説明(4) 分離器9_,自此C4 —氣體回收於管路1 〇。C5 -5 Ο OT餾份回收於管路1 1並與管路3的7 Ο OT十飽 份合併。至少一部分而較佳爲大部份,更佳爲全部之 5 0 0 °F — 7 0 0°F餾份均與管路1 2的加氫異構化產物 摻合β 把管路3的較重組份如7 0 0 °F +餾份連同管路1 1 的較輕餾份如C5 — 5 0 0 °F餾份送至加氫異構化單冗5 。此加氫異構化單元之反應器以下表所示條件操作: 加氫異構化法是已知的,下表對此步驟列出一些寬範 圍條件以及較佳範圍條件。 條件__ 寬範圍 較佳範圍 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂
溫度,卞 總壓力,p s i g 氫處理率,SCF/B 氫消耗率,SCF/B 300-800 550-750 0-2500 300-1200 500-5000 2000-4000 50-500 100-300 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印裝 雖然任何觸媒可用於加氫異構化或選擇性加氫裂解均 可令人滿意地用於此步驟,但有些觸媒的表現優於其它觸 媒因而較宜使用'例如含有經承載第VI族貴金屬如鉑或鈀 之觸媒與含有一或多種第硼族卑金屬如鎳’鈷(含量 〇 . 5 — 20重量百分比)之觸媒—樣都可以用,可含或 不含第VI族金靥,如鉬,含量1 . 〇 — 2 0重量百分比。 該等金屬之載體可以是任何耐火性氧化物或沸石或其混合 本紙張又度通用中國國家標隼(CNS ) Α4規格ί 210Χ297公釐) 一 7 - 46298 5 90. I · j yXs A7 B7 五、發明說明(5 ) 物。較佳載體包括 氧化鋁磷酸鹽,氧 ,V A或VI族氧化 。較佳載體包括氧 石濃度爲少於大約 重量百分比。 較佳之觸媒表 /公克,較佳爲0 附性測量,且體密 此觸媒包括第 I Β族金屬如銅, 矽石-氧化鋁,其 分比,較佳爲5 — 砂石,氧化錫|砂石—氧化銘,砍石_ 化鈦,氧 物,和Υ 化鋁及矽石_氧化鋁,其中於載體之矽 5 0重量百分比,較佳爲少於大約3 5 化锆,氧化釩及其它第m,ιν 型分子篩如超安定γ型分子篩 面積範圍 .3 5至 度爲大約 硼族之非 係承載於 中該氧化 3 0重量 大約2 0 0 _ 5 0 0平方公尺 0 8 0毫升/公克,係水吸 量百分比。而且載體可含少 黏合劑如氧化鋁,矽石,第 土,氧化鎂等,較佳爲氧化 無定形矽石一氧化鋁微 0 - 5 貴金屬 酸性載 鋁之含 百分比 量如2 IV A族 銀。 球體之 -1 0公克/毫升 如鐵,鎳,連同第 體上。載體宜爲無定形 量少於大約3 0重量百 ,更佳爲10 — 20重 0 — 3 0重量百分_比之 金屬氧化物及各類之黏 製備方法曾被敘述於R- 1 n i HI - I — 一βJ n I n n I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印M yland, Lloyd Β., Taraele, M.W., and Wilson, J. N., C r a c k ί n g C a t a 1 y s t s (裂解觸媒),C a t a I y s i s : v ο 1 u m e VII , Ed . Paul H. Emmett, Reinhold Publishing Corp-oration, New York, I 9 6 0, pp. 5-9。 此觸媒之製造可經共同浸透金屬溶液於載體上,以 100-150 °C乾燥,且於2 0 0 — 5 5 0°C之空氣中煅燒》 第W族金屬含量大約 重量百分比或更少,較隹爲 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS>A4規格(210 « 297公釐) -8 - 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作杜印製 462985 A7 ____B7____五、發明説明(6 ) 1 _ 1 2'重量百分比,而第I B族金屬通常含量較少,例 如相對於第VI族金靥爲1 : 2至大約1 : 2 0之比例°一 典型觸媒示於下: 鎳,重量百分比 2.5-3.5 銅,重量百分比 0.25-0.35 AI2O3-Si〇2 6 5 - 7 5 AU〇3(黏合劑) 25-30 表面積 29U-325平方公尺/公克 孔洞體積(Hg) 0.35-0.45毫升/公克 體密度 0. 58-0. 68公克/毫升 7 0 0°F +轉化爲7 Ο OT —之轉化率範圍爲大約 2 0 — 8 0百分比,較佳爲2 0 — 5 0百分比,更佳爲大 約3 0 - 5 0百分比♦在加氫異構化期間,基本上所有烯 烴和含氧物質均被氫化。 加氬異構化產物回收於管路1 2,管路8的5 0 0 — 700 °F流體摻入管路12。攙和之流體再於塔13內分 餾,7 0 0°F +即自此選擇性回收於管路1 4再入管路3 ’ —回收於管路1 6,可與管路1 〇內來自冷分離器 9的輕氣體混合而形成流體17 ·於250 — 700 T之 間沸騰的清潔蒸餾物以管路1 5回收。此蒸餾物具獨特性 質而可用爲柴油機燃料或爲柴油機燃料的攙合成份。 將〇5 — 5 Ο 0°F餾份通過加氫異構化單元具更進一 (諳先聞讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、一〕SJ- =- I- - - In - - - (^1 冷 I - I-1 I - - . I— J 1- i —i I - - -. 1^^1. : i — 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) -9 一 462985 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作杜印製 A7 ___B7五、發明説明(7 ) 步降低產物流體1 2和1 5中烯烴濃度之效果,因而更進 一步改良產物之氧化安定性。產物內的烯烴濃度低於 ◦ . 5重量百分比,較佳爲低於〇 . 1重量百分比。因此 ,烯烴濃度因爲夠低而不必加以回收:因而得以避免爲烯 烴進一步處理餾份* 將700 T —之流體分離爲(:5 — 500 °F流體及 5 0 0 - 7 0 0 °F流體,並將c5— 5 0 0°F流體加氫異 構化會如前所述導致產物中之烯烴濃度較低。同時,Cs 一 5 0 0 °F中的含氧化合物具有降低由加氫異構化甲烷生 成量之效果》理想情況是加氫異構化反應中僅極少或無費 希爾-特普希石蠼裂解。理想狀況並不常達到而有些裂解 成氣體特別是甲烷的反應通常會伴隨此反應發生•經由圖 示製程,由加氫異構化7 Ο 0T +餾份與Cs — 5 0 0 °F 餾份的甲烷生成量可以降低至少5 0百分比,較佳爲至少 7 5百分比· 自分餾器回收之柴油機物質具下表所示特性: 石蠟 至少95重量百分比,較佳爲至少96重 量百分比,更佳爲至少97重量百分比, 再好爲至少98重量百分比,而最佳爲 至少99重量百分比 異/正比例 大約G. 3至3.0,較佳爲0.7-2.0 硫 S50ppm(重量),較佳爲無 氮 S 5 Oppm(重量),較佳爲S 2 0 ppm,更佳 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(2IOX297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
-1T -10 - 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印衷 462985 A7 ..... - B7 五、發明説明(s) 爲無 不飽合物 s 0. 5重量百分比,較佳爲S ο. 1重量 (烯烴及芳香類) 百分比 含氧物質 大約0. 001至少於大約0. 3重量百分比 之氧,以無水爲準 異一石蠘類通常爲單甲基分支者,且因製程用費希爾 —特普希蠟,產物不具環狀石蠟,如環己烷* 基本上有例如2 9 5百分比之含氧物質存於較輕餾份 (如700T-館份)中* 較佳之費希爾—特普希製程爲採用非轉移(shifting )(也就是說,無水氣轉移能力)觸媒,比如鈷或釕或其 混合物,較佳爲鈷,且較佳爲促進過的鈷,促進劑爲锆或 銶,較佳爲銶。此觸媒爲已知且較佳觸媒已述於美國專利 第4,568,663號和歐洲專利第 0 2 6 6 898 號 * 費希爾-特普希製程之產物主要爲石蠟烴。釕產生之 石蠟主要沸騰於Ci。一 C2。之餾份範圍;而鈷觸媒通常產 生較多之較重烴如C 2。以上,且鈷是較佳之費希爾-特普 希觸媒金屬。 優良柴油機燃料通常具高十六烷值之特性,通常5 0 或更高,較佳爲6 0 ·更佳爲至少大約6 5,或具更高之 潤滑性•氧化安定性及相合於柴油機油管規格的物理特性 本紙浪尺度適用t國國家襟準(CNS ) A4規格(210Χ2ί)7公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 -11 - 462985 A7 經濟部中央樣隼局員工消費合作社印製 ____部 S 】fi B7 _五、發明説明(9 ) 本發明之產物可以用爲柴油機燃料本身,或與其它較 不宜之石油或碳氫化合物料而大約具相同之沸賸範圍者摻 合。當用爲攙合物,本發明之產物可用相當少之量,如, 1 0百分比或更多以顯著改善最終攙合柴油機產物。雖然 本發明之產物可改善幾乎任何柴油機產物,最好將此產物 與低品質之精製柴油機流體摻合》典型之流體爲粗(raw )的或氫化催化的或熱裂解之蒸觀物及氣油類。 藉使用費希爾_特普希製程,回收的蒸餾物基本上不 具硫與氮。這些雜-原子化合物對費希爾-特普希觸媒是 有毒的且由含甲烷之天然氣中除去,彼爲費希爾一特普希 製程之方便添加料。(含硫及氮之化合物在任何情況下以 非常低濃度存於天然氣中•再者•製程中不產生芳香類· 或通常操作下,幾乎沒有芳香類產生。有些烯烴會產生是 因爲生產石蠟的路徑中有一係經由烯烴中間物*無論如何 ,烯烴濃度逋常相當低。 包括醇類和一些酸等含氧化合物在費希爾-特普希製 程中產生,但於至少一已知製程中,係將含氧物質或不飽 合物經加氫處理而完全由產物中除去。參看例,the Shell Middle Distillate Process, Eiler, J., Posthuma, S. A., Sie, S. T., Catalysis Letters, 1990, 7, 253 - 2 7 0 - 不過我們發現少量之含氧物質,較佳爲醇類,通常濃 縮於5 0 0° — 7 0 0°F餾份提供柴油機燃料特別好的潤 滑性。舉例,如說明所示具少量含氧物質之高度石蠟柴油 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Μ規格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 -12 - 4 6 298 5 A7
經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作杜印製 五、發明説明(1(}).................. 機燃料真極佳之潤滑性*此係藉BOCLE試驗結果顯示(球 於圓筒上潤滑性評估儀)·然而當含氧物質被以例如萃取 ,分子餘吸附 '加氫製法(hydroprocessing)等方式去 除到待測試餾份中的含量少於1 0 p pm重量百分比之氧 (無水爲基準)時,其潤滑性相當差。 經本發明流程圖所揭示,部分之較輕物,7 0 0°F — 餾份,即500 T - 700 °F餾份並未接受任何加氫處理 。因未就此餾份加氫處理*故此館份中的少置含氧物質, 主要爲線形醇類得以被保留*而較重餾份中之含氧物質則 在加氫異構化步驟中除去· C5 — 5 0 0°F餾份中所含某 些含氧物質會在加氫異構化期間被轉化成石蠘•然而此具 價值之含氧化合物,基於潤滑性的目的*最佳爲C12 — C18—級醇類是存於未處理之5 0 0 — 7 0 0 °F餾份。加 氫異構化也可使蒸餾物燃料中之異式石蠘(iso paraffins ) 量增加 而幫助燃料達到傾點 (pour point) 和濁點 (cloud point)之規格,儘管添加物亦可用來達到此效 果。 被認爲可增進潤滑性的氧化合物可被形容爲其氫鍵能 大於烴的鍵能(各種化合物的能量測定可於標準參考書中 取得):差距愈大,潤滑效果亦愈大。此等氧化合物亦具 親脂端及親水端而得以濕潤燃料· 較佳氧化合物•主要爲醇類|具相當長鏈,即C12 + ,較佳爲C 12 - c24—級線形醇。 以酸爲含氧化合物時,酸具腐蝕性且於非轉移條件( (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(2丨〇X 297公釐) -13 - 經濟部中夬標準局員工消費合作社印製 462985 A7 B7 五、發明説明(11) non-shift conditions)費希爾一特普希製程中以極少量 產出。相對於較佳之單含氧物質如線形醇類,酸爲二氧物 質。因此,二一或多一含氧物質通常無法以紅外線測量測 出且以氧計少於大約1 5wp pm氧。 非轉移費希爾-特普希反應對熟於此技藝之人而言是 相當熟悉的且以使COs副產物的生成最小化的條件爲其 特徵。這些條件可以各類方法達成,包括一或多種下列方 法:在低C 0分壓下操作,亦即在氫對C 0比例爲至少約 1.7/1,較佳約1.7/1至約2.5/1,更佳爲 至少約1 . 9/1 ,且範圍1 . 9/1至約2 . 3/1之 比例下操作,α均爲至少約0 . 88,以至少約0 . 9 1 爲較佳;在大約1 75 — 22 5 eC之溫度下進行,較佳爲 1 8 0_2 1 0°C ;以含鈷或釕之觸媒爲主要之費希爾一 特普希催化劑。 含氧物質存在之量,當無水氧計相當小而達所欲之潤 滑性,即至少大約0 . 0 0 1重量百分比之氧(無水爲基 準)•較佳爲0 . 001 — 0 . 3重量百分比氧(無水爲 基準),更佳爲0 . 0025 - 0 3重量百分比氧(無 水爲基準)。 下列實例係供說明之用,但非用以侷限本發明。 氫和一氧化碳合成氣體(H2 : CO 2.11 — 2 · 1 6 )於漿式費希爾-特普希反應器中被轉化爲重質 石蠟。此費希爾-特普希反應中所用觸媒爲以氧化鈦載持 之鈷/銶之觸媒,曾經述於美國專利第 本紙張尺度適用中固國家標準() A4規格(210X 297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) L—訂 462985 A7 B7 五、發明説明(12) 4 ,5 68 ,663 號。反應條件爲 422-428 Τ’ 287-289ps i g,及線性速度12至17 . 5公 分/秒。費希爾一特普希合成步驟之α爲0 . 92 ·接著 將費希爾-特普希石蠘產物再分離成三不同沸點之流體, 分離採用粗驟沸。三個大概沸騰餾份爲:1) C3 - 5 0 0 °F沸騰餾份,此後將以F — T冷分離器液表示;2 )500-700 °F沸騰餾份,此後將以F-丁熱分離器 液表示;3)700T+沸騰餾份於後以F-T反應器蠟 表示9 賨例1 將7 0重量百分比之加氫異構化之F — T反應器蠟* 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 1 6 . 8重量百分比加氫處理之F — T冷分離器液及 1 3 . 2重量百分比加氫處理之F- T熱分離器液合併且 充分地混合。柴油機燃料A爲此攙合物之2 6 0 - 7 0 0 °尸沸騰餾份1以蒸餾方式分離出來,且如下製備:加氫異 構化之F - T反應器蠟係於流經利用鈷及鉬促進的無定形 矽石-氧化鋁觸媒的固定床單元而製成,如美國專利第 5 ,292,989號及美國專利第5 ,3 78 ,348 號所述。加氫異構化條件爲708 T,750ps i g Η 2 · 2500SCF/B Η2,且液髖每小時空間流 速(LHSV)爲〇 . 7 — 0 . 8 -加氫異構化之進行伴 隨回收未反應的7 0 〇aF +反應器蠘*合併進料比(新料 +回收料)/新料等於丨 5。加氫處理之F — T冷及熱 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標孳(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) -15 - 經濟部中央標準局員工消资合作杜印製 462985 , A7 _ _…,3 B7______ 五、發明説明(13) 分離器液係利用流經固定床反應器及市售大量鎳觸媒製得 *加氫處理條件爲450 °F,430psig Η 2 ’ 1000SCF/B Η2,且 LHSV 爲 3 . 0。燃料 Α爲代表性之典型完全加氫處理鈷衍生之費希爾一特普希 柴油機燃料,在此技術領域爲已知" 實例2 將7 8重量百分比之加氫異構化之F -T反應器蠘,
12重置百分比未加氫處理之F—T冷分離器液’及10 重量百分比F - T熱分離器液合併並混合•柴油機燃料B 係此攙合物之2 5 0 — 7 0 0°F沸騰餾份,以蒸餾方式分 離出來,且如下製造:加氫異構化之F — T反應器蠟之製 造係於流過使用鈷及鉬促進之無定形矽石一氧化鋁觸媒的 固定床單元而製成,如美國專利第5,292 * 989及 美國專利5 ,378,348號所述•加氫異構化條件爲 690〇F-725ps ig Η 2 * 2500SCF/B Η 2 ,且液體每小時空間流速(LHSV)爲〇 . 6 — 0 . 7 *燃料B爲本發明之代表性實例。 實例3 柴油機燃料C及D之製造係藉蒸餾燃料B成兩餾份而 得。柴油機燃料C代表柴油機燃料B之2 5 OT至5 0 〇 °F餾份。柴油機燃料D代表柴油機燃料B之5 0 0 _ 7 0 0 °F餾份。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(2i〇X 297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂! 一 16 _ 462985 A; B7 . 五、發明説明(14) ....... 實例4 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 令100 . 81克之柴油機燃料B與33 . 11克之
Grace Silico-銘酸鹽沸石:1 3 X,5 4 4 級,8 1 2 目珠粒接觸。柴油機燃料E爲此處理後所得濾液。此處理 有效地從燃料中除去醇類及其它含氧物質。 實例5 柴油機燃料A,B及E中含氧物質,二氧物質及醇的 組成以質子核磁共振OH — NMR),紅外線光譜( I R)及氣相色層分析/質譜分析法(GC/MS)測定 。iH-NMR實驗採用Brucker MSL-500光譜儀。定量數 據是以測量樣品,溶於CDCj?3中,於常溫下,以頻率 500 . 13MHz ,脈衝寬度爲2 · 9秒(尖端角度4 5 ° ),延遲6 0秒且6 4次掃描"四甲基矽烷用爲內參 經濟部中央橾準局員工消費合作社印製 考於每一樣品而二氧雜環己烷用爲內標準。一級醇,二級 醇,酯及酸之量藉由分別比較3.6(2H)-3.4( 1H) ,4·1(2Η)及2.4(2H)ppm各峰之 稹分與內標準之積分直接估計。IR光譜是以Nicolet 8 0 0光譜儀測。把樣品放入溴化鉀固定徑長小腔(名義上 是1 , 0毫米)中資料取得是加以4096掃描0 . 3公 分-1解析度。二氧物質之量,如羧酸和酯類’是利用於 1 7 2 0及1 7 3 8公分-1之吸收· GC/MS是用He-tf i e 11 - P a c k a r d 5 9 8 0 / H e w 1 e 11 - P a c k a r d 5 9 7 0 B M a s s S e 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(2丨0 X 297公釐) -17 - 462985 ··.’、· Μ 年' ..Β7 五、發明説明(15)"·"… ---------- 一 lective Detector Combination (MSD)或 Kratos Model MS-890 GC /MS。選擇離子檢測 m/z 3 1 (CH30+) 以定量一級醇》外標準是將C2 -C14,cie及C18—級 醇稱重後加入ce -cie正石蠟的混合物中。利用溴指數 以ASTM D 2 7 1 0所述測定烯烴。由這些分析所得 結果示於表1·含有未加氫處理之熱及冷分離器液的柴油 機燃料B包括顯著量之含氧物質爲線型一級醇,其中有顯 著部分爲重要的c12- cie—級醇,是這些醇使柴油機潤 滑性具有極佳表現。加氫處理(柴油機燃料A )在除去基 本上所有含氧物質與烯烴極有效。分子篩處理(柴油機燃 料E )在不使用製程氫的情況下在除去醇雜質也有效。這 些燃料均不含顯著量之二氧物質,如羧酸或酯類* ---------------Ί -------I (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中夬標準局員工消资合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 18 - 4 6298 5 五、發明説明(16) wpp曰資孩h撤豸蹢,(遝臻,憩溫)(IK) wppm®^cs-cls !潭職^.H-NMR) Wppmlt^c5-cls 丨黎職猶(GC/MS) Wppm»^cl2-C18丨寒攝織(GC/MS) 蟊癍||-舰蟠城/钟(澥5§燁,>-23::〇2 710) ,004 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 6 -4 0 ppm 002 4-ppm 1 9 5 p p 日 0· 78 光望$舟望、# 米望$ 溧埘芑鲰麵瞄έ:邂苗銥淺¾(避涟雜绿龙Α),ξ&φίΙαΡΓ麵瞄避苗兹薇筚(邂涟滋_筚巴,;5: Φ屮菌誨瞄,§ιφ芑ΜΜ瞄Ν-瀨苗琏绦筚(邂涟銥籙iE)s昤脚遂《;&Ν^^«(^^,^ 適)薛妈 β, (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CMS ) A4規格(21 〇 X 297公釐) 462985 :"A7 ¢7 五、發明説明(Π) 實例6 以標準球的於圓筒上潤滑性評估(BOCLE)測試柴油機 ng Load Wear Test” ’兀;月1曰’ 1 9 9 4。此測試係根 據ASTM D 5001。結果報告於表二,以參考燃 料2之百分比表示*如Lacey所述 表2 燃料A — E之B0CLE結果。結果以參考燃料2的百分比 表示β 柴油機燃料 %參考燃料2 A 4 2 . 1 B 8 8 · 9 C 4 4 . 7 D 9 4 . 7 E 3 0 . 6 一请先閱该背面之注意事項存填寫本 經濟部中央棣隼局員工消費合作.社印裂 完全加氫處理的柴油機燃料Α潤滑性極低,是所有石 蠘柴油機燃料的典型性質。柴油機燃料B含高量呈C5 -C 24—級醇類之含氧物質,顯出明顯優良之潤滑性。柴油 機燃料E是透過13X分子篩的吸附將含氧物質自柴油機 燃料B分離出來而製成的·柴油機燃料E呈極差之潤滑性 表示線形C 5 -C24—級醇類是使柴油機燃料B具高潤滑 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標率(CNS ) A4規格(210><29:?公釐) 462985 A7 B7 經濟部中央樣隼局員工消費合作社印裝 五、發明説明(拉--一-.…一 性之因《柴油機燃料C及D分別代表柴油機燃料B中 250 — 500 °F及500° - 700 T沸騰之餾份。柴 油機燃料C含沸點低於5 0 0°F之線形C3 — Cu—級醇 類*而柴油機燃料D含有在5 0 0_7 0 0°F間沸騰的 C 12 - C24—級醇類《柴油機燃料D與柴油機燃料C相較 下具有較佳的潤滑性質,而其實它優於其來源柴油機燃料 B之表現•這明白地表示於5 0 0 — 7 0 0T間沸騰的 c 12 — c24—級醇類在生產髙潤滑性飽和燃料上是很重要 的。而柴油機燃料B之潤滑性比柴油機燃料D爲低之事實 也表示柴油機燃料B之2 5 0 — 5 0 0 T餾份中所含的較 輕含氧物質不利地限制了柴油機燃料B之5 0 0 - 7 0 0 °F中所含C 12 — C 24—級醇類的有益影響,因而欲得一種 柴油機燃料具最低量不想要的C5-Cu輕質一級醇類, 但具最高量有益的C12 - C 24—級醇類。透過選擇性加氫 處理2 5 0 — 5 0 0°F沸騰之冷分離器液而非5 0 0 — 7 0 0°F沸騰之熱分離器液即可達成。 實例7 柴油機燃料C和D之氧化安定性是以觀察氫過氧化物 的長時間堆積來測試。柴油機燃料C和D分別代表柴油機 燃料B的2 5 0 — 5 0 0 °F及5 0 0 - 7 0 0 °F沸騰之餾 份。此測試法已完全述於ASTM D 3703*較安 定之燃料在增加滴定氫過氧化物數的速率較慢。測試期間 在開始時以及間隔時間每一樣品之過氧化物量以碘量滴定 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 " 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -21 -
氧化物之前先於2 5 eC (室溫)老化七星期。第1圖就柴 油機燃料C及D顯示長期堆積•可清楚看出2 5 0 — 5 0 0 °F沸騰之柴油機燃料C其安定性遠不如5 0 0 — 7 0 0°F沸騰之柴油機燃料D。柴油機燃料C之相對不安 定性是因其含9 0%以上之柴油機燃料B之烯烴•烯烴於 此技術領域已知是導致氧化不安定性的原因。這些不安定 輕質烯烴的飽和化是加氫處理2 5 0 - 5 0 0T冷分離器 液的另一理由。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -22 -
Claims (1)
- 462985 A8 B8 C8 DS 六、申請專利範圍 附件2 : 第8 5 1 1 2 6 4 7號專利申請案 中文申請專利範圍修正本 民國90年4月修正 1·一種可用作較汽油爲重之燃料或作爲蒸餾物燃料 之攙合成份的組合物.包括得自費希爾-特普希觸媒製程 之250 — 700 °F餾份,且含有 至少9 5重量百分比之石蠟,其異對正之比例爲 0 . 3 至 3 . 0, 各$5 0 P pm (重量)之硫及氮, 小於0.5重量百分比之未飽和物,及 0 _ 00 1至小於0 . 3重量百分比之氧,以無水爲 基準= 2 如申請專利範圍第1項之組合物,其中該氧主要 是呈線型醇類。 3 ·如申請專利範圍第2項之組合物,其中該線型醇 類爲C i 2 +。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消费合作祍印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 4 .如申請專利範圍第3項之組合物,其特徵爲十六 烷值爲至少7 0。 5 . —種製造申請專利範圍第1項之蒸餾物燃料的方· 法,包括: (a )將費希爾·特普希製程產物分離爲含7 〇 +之較重餾份和含7 0 0 T_之較輕餾份; (b)將該較輕餾份分離爲至少兩個餾份,(i)5 本紙張尺度適用Φ國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 462985 A8 BS C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 少一含有一級C12 +醇類之餾份,及(ϋ ) 一個或一個以 上的其它餾份; (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填冩本頁) (c )將至少一部份(a )步驟之較重餾份及至少一 部份之(b ) ( ii )餾份於加氫異構化條件下加氫異構化 ,並回收一 7 0 〇°F_餾份; (d)將至少一部分之(b) (i)餾份與至少一部 分步驟(c ) 7 0 OaF —餾份之一摻合。 6 ·如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其中由步驟(d )之摻合產物中回收沸騰範圍爲2 5 0 — 7 0 0°F之產物 〇 7 ·如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該步驟(d )的回收產物含0.001至0.3重量百分比之氧,以 無水爲基準》 8.如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該(b.)( i)餾份含有實質上所有的C12十一級醇。 9·如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該(b)( i)餾份以不經加氫處理爲特徵。 10 .如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該(b) 經濟部智慧时產局員工消費合作社印製 (i )餾份含C12 - C24—級醇類。 1 1 .如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其中該費希爾 —特普希製程以非轉移條件(non-shifting conditions )爲特徵6 1 2 .如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其特徵在於b (ii)餾份爲 500 °F -》 本紙張尺度適用尹國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) -2 - 46298 5 A8 R8 C8 D8 t、申請專利範圍 1 3 .如申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其特徵在於b (ϋ)餾份爲600°F_者。 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公;g+) -3 -
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