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TW442362B - Optical view port for chemical mechanical planarization endpoint detection - Google Patents

Optical view port for chemical mechanical planarization endpoint detection Download PDF

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Publication number
TW442362B
TW442362B TW089111374A TW89111374A TW442362B TW 442362 B TW442362 B TW 442362B TW 089111374 A TW089111374 A TW 089111374A TW 89111374 A TW89111374 A TW 89111374A TW 442362 B TW442362 B TW 442362B
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Taiwan
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fixed
window
fixed table
groove
optical
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TW089111374A
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English (en)
Inventor
Randolph E Treur
Stephan H Wolf
John M Boyd
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Lam Res Corp
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B37/00Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
    • B24B37/005Control means for lapping machines or devices
    • B24B37/013Devices or means for detecting lapping completion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/12Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24DTOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/12Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with apertures for inspecting the surface to be abraded

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Description

AA2362 五、發明說明(1) 【發明領域】 及用以監視研 磨製學機械研磨製程 發明背景】 積體電路在構造上需在 每層由數個步驟形成:先在 研磨晶圓直至材料非常平坦 的不規則佈局去沈積或蝕刻 化或與大氣起化學反應而成 度’所以在生成下一層以前 或平面化處理至適當的平面 路,並使層與層間互連以連 積與平面化的製程。該成品 月fa製成的電路’其複雜性取 製程中所能製造出的平面度 面化之期望結果是大面積的 米’相當於1 0 0 0埃(Angstr 達到半導體晶圓平面化 (Chemical Mechanical Pol 械研磨是一在嚴密的條件控 製程。應用在研磨晶圓和積 電路層上幾埃的材料,從其 面完全平坦。在執行化學機 矽晶圓基板上建立多層材料, 晶圓上生成或沈積材料,然後 或平坦化。有幾層是依所預設 電路’另有幾層是經由底層氧 ,故無法控制其组合層的平滑 ’每一層的表面必須先做研磨 度。為了建立層層的電子電 通此電路,需多次重複層的沈 可為極複雜卻微小的裝置。所 決於幾個因素:其一為平面化 ’以及平坦化的可靠度。層平 表面變量( 500-1 00 0平方麓 oms )左右或更少)。 的方法之一為化學機械研磨 ishing - CMP)製程。化學機 制下對其表面做極細敏的研磨 體電路上,本製程可移除積體 表面移除精確之厚度,使其表 械研磨法時’包含適當之研磨
第4頁 442362 五、發明說明(2) 劑、可增進磨 研磨墊上,研 理矽晶圓和積 的晶圓在研磨 完成面的平面 注入研磨墊内 制。控制這些 重要,然而找 所要求平面度 定平面度稱為 始的測量方法 達到所需之平 到要求的晶圓 則廢棄不用。 t測量晶圓的 偵測。以詮釋 方法,如超音 圓表面的電阻 否平坦。 最近開發 detect ion), 損程序的化 磨墊繞著需 體電路時, 墊上方旋轉 度)係由研 的研榮量、 條件對研磨 出一可用以 的方法也很 『終端偵測 為將晶圓自 面度的晶圓 則送回研磨 較先進的方 表面,此法 晶圓的各種 波反射、晶 、或晶圓表 學劑、及水之 研磨物的表面 研磨墊在晶圓 )。研磨程度 磨時間、研漿 以及研漿成分 程序成品的穩 鑑定晶圓表面 重要。測定晶 』(endpoint 研磨室移出並 則被送往下一 研漿被壓送 旋轉(實際 下轉動,而 (即移除的 内研磨劑的 和其它要素 定性和可靠 的平面化是 圓是否已研 detection 測量其平面 處理步驟, 而研磨過度 室内,於研 室繼續研磨, 法則是在研磨 被稱為『現場』(in-situ 特性來測量晶 圓對研磨的機 面溫度等,皆 圓平面度的 械阻力之改 被用於鑑定 到一組 上在處 懸吊著 厚度和 份量、 來控 性雖然 否已達 磨至特 )。原 度。已 尚未達 的晶圓 磨過程 )終端 裝置和 變、晶 晶圓是 有一稱為光學終端偵測(optical endpoint 應用在測量晶圓頂層的厚度。光學終端偵測 是以發射一雷射光束至晶圓表面,分析其反射率的一個程 雷射光束被晶圓的最外層反射,而少部分光 ,被内層反射。兩反射光束反射到一干擾 序。大部分的 束則穿過頂層
4423^2 五、發明說明(3)
儀,測量兩光束間的干擾。干擾度的大小標示層的厚度, 精確提供該側量點的層厚度。由晶圓表面取數點測量,則 可得到整個表面的平面度。此程序曾在柯力茲(Corliss) 之美國專利第5, 42 7, 878號(1 9 9 5年6月27日)所揭露之 「用光學終端偵測以十字晶圓臨界面監測半導體晶圓製 程」(Semi conductor Wafer Processing with Across-ffafer Critical Dimension Monitoring using Optical Endpoint Detection) 中有關電離子蝕刻法裡提 到過’也曾在拜仁(Birang)等的美國專利第5,893, 796 號(1999年4月13日)所揭露的「化學機械研磨設備用之 研磨墊内形成透明視窗之方法」(Forming a Transparent Window In A Polishing Pad For A
Chemical Mechanical Polishing Apparatus)中的化學機 械研磨法中提及。拜仁描述以一雷射光束穿過研磨墊和支 撐固定台中的一個小孔來對終端監視的操作方法,該孔的 位置為當固定台轉動而此小孔通過CMP處理室内所安裝的 雷射干擾儀時,通過此孔可見到固定在研磨頭的晶圓。墊 上的小孔中有一透明塞黏在研磨墊裡。在此系統中,若凝 結物和研漿滲入視窗下的空間部分,則會干擾到雷射光束 的發射;研磨墊與透明塞間的連接不完整則會在晶圊上造 成溝渠。
軌 頭 圓 晶 心 顧 和 台 定 固 磨 研 轉 旋 1 用 使 於 為 1置 述裝 概述 明下 發 rL
442362
五、發明說明(4) , ' 滅通過 道之化學機械平坦化系統提供一光學终端偵測。光纖設 光學觀察口自晶圓表面傳送和接收光束,該光學觀察喁光 置於固定台和研磨墊内,偏離研磨固定台之中心’透^ 纖束與雷射源和雷射干擾儀相聯繫,光纖束自觀察口位 徑向向固定台中心延伸,再向下通過固定台主軸至迴轉式 光麵合器’其使光導纖維束在研磨過稃可與固定台一起轉 動。 該光學觀察口裝置的組合成分包括有一個透明視窗’ 一個視窗外殼,該視窗外殼可依固定台和研磨墊,對高度 做相對的調整,使能依各種不同厚度的研磨墊做平面調 整。 【發明之詳細說明】 圓1所示為固定於研磨頭3之用於研磨半導體晶圓2 之化學機械研磨裝置1之先前技術。該研磨頭將晶圓懸 吊於研磨固定台4上方,同時輕力將晶圓壓向研磨墊。 該研磨頭依次固定於平移臂5,該平移臂由平移軸6支 推並沿水平方向往復移動。研磨固定台4固定、支撐、並 旋轉研磨墊7。固定台轴8 (又稱為處理檯驅動軸一 process table drive 或固定台驅動軸 platen drive spool )經由中心軸轉動研磨固定台。研磨墊7通常有一覆 蓋層9固定於底層(backing layer ) 10,而底層則黏於固 定台的表面(底層不一定使用)。覆蓋層9即為研磨表
ΛΑ2362 五、發明說明(5) ----*---- IC1000 )或一聚亞胺酯布(例如:R〇dei 。該 ί墊:含有研磨劑媒體(水)、研磨粉、和化學劑等的: 學研磨研_。典型的化學研漿包括氫氧化卸的化 p〇tassium Hydroxide)和燒石夕土(fumed siiica)粒 研漿被注於研磨墊上後,晶圓便與研磨 8繞中二研旋磨轉頭主,11繞中心軸旋轉時 8繞中〜轴旋轉,經平移臂5平移越過固定台4的表面 :在:刷過)。依此方 <,晶圊可被注有研漿的研磨墊研 =所用的作用劑皆具腐蝕性,且處理過程在高溫下 锶:田-:有的組成元件皆設置在處理室12内。本系統可 疋σ開口13與其上的研磨墊開口14進行干擾測量。 的平移位置,固定台開口13與研磨墊開口Η 、' =台的部分旋轉過程中,居於晶圓2與研磨頭3下 當固定ΐϊ内Ξ定台4下方裝置有一雷射干擾儀15,使得 2二t研磨塾開口從晶圓2下方通過時,雷射干 hi π卜a 一雷射光束16,穿過固定台開口與研磨墊開口 打在從上通過的晶圓2表面上。 右與圖3所示系本化學機械研磨系統。圖2系安裝 :、、視由21之化學機械系統20之上視圖。該晶圓2 二平面化或研磨之工作件)由研磨頭3固定,自 -教侗二於研磨墊7之上。其它系統亦可使用可同時固 研磨•’並將平移臂分置於研磨墊之左右兩 麻 研處理所使用之研漿經研磨劑噴射管22注射到研 磨墊表面。光學終端視窗21位於研磨墊開口13 (及其下不
442362 五、發明說明
可見之固定台凹槽23)内,且在研磨墊及 間,居於研磨墊圓心&盥甘蛩及下方固疋台中 終端視窗位於晶圓轨Μ由g + 點俾忐使先學 之中點)。相内(亦即晶圓繞研磨墊全程 :8 (ν:Λ身與研磨塾和固定台组件-同繞固定i Μ個自mm線1^刀所不)依箭頭24方向旋轉。兩個研磨頭 銘如啤-5。箭方向旋轉。研磨頭本身由平 移:6如箭碩26所示在研磨墊表面往復平移 研磨墊/固定台组株祐鐘 ^ = 主旋轉一週,研磨頒同時旋轉並平移而 成γ面打出複雜的軌跡時,本光學終端視窗21在研 磨頭下方通過 為安置有光學終端視窗之化學機械系統2〇之側視 圖構件與圖2所示之構件相對應,包括晶圓2、研磨頭 3、固定台4、平移臂5、平移軸6、研磨墊7 (包括覆蓋層9 及底層1〇)、處理檯驅動轴8、研磨墊開口 13、固定台凹 槽14、和光學終端視窗21。圖3所示的附加特點使得雷射 光束,不論固定台凹槽與研磨墊開口相對於雷射干擾儀3〇 之位置’均可傳送至晶圓表面。一光纖束31自光學視窗上 位於固疋台中心至其外緣之徑向上一點,沿徑向朝内至固 定台中心點’之後由固定台向下至旋轉光耦合器32。所示 實施例中’該光纖束路線之安排為沿處理檯驅動軸8上下 方向’在處理檯驅動軸内依垂值方向取向。本光纖束轉9〇 度沿徑向水平穿過固定台至光學視窗。本光纖束在光學視 窗外罩轉而向上,引導雷射光束通過視窗和視窗與晶圓間 之研聚’由光纖束射向晶圓表面。在固定台軸心與光學
442362 五、發明說明(7) 視窗之轉角’其彎曲半徑大小依所選纖維製材而定。在旋 轉光耦合器内,光纖束3 1之耦合端33在旋轉封口部34内旋 轉’透過適當的光束分離器(beam splitting device)與 固定纖維束(the stationary fiber bundle) 35 光叙 合。向外的及反射過的雷射光束乃由雷射干擾儀内的雷射 源所發射。由於雷射干擾儀不需與固定台内的任何開口對 齊’故安置在處理室外。 圖4所示為光學終端視窗、光纖束組件、以及研磨 台。圖示之光纖束32之通訊,以水平段32h跨自配置在光 纖束套管(bundle cover tube) 41 (做為通過固定台之光 纖束水平與徑向線路)徑向一端之光學觀察口組件4 〇,經 光纖束套管41,沿徑向朝内至下彎曲42處,同一光纖束轉 而垂直下行(垂直段32v )至軸環43處之旋轉光耦合端33 止’如圖3所示在旋轉封口部内自由旋轉。束套管41在固 定台内的纖維束通道44中,由固定台内的中央開口 45通至 固定台中央與研磨墊外緣之徑向中點上的觀察口組件凹槽 46 ° 參照圖5,所示為光學觀察口組件4 〇之詳圖。纖維輸出陣 列50支樓通道内光纖束之光纖,每根光纖之發射/接收端 皆向上伸至終端視窗内(因此伸入覆蓋其上的晶圓表面 )°該終端視窗安裝於終端視窗外殼或陣列支架5丨之上表 面’蓋住開口 52。開口 52與光纖陣列50密合。視窗外殼51 固定在凹槽4 6底部,與套管41和光纖陣列5 〇對齊。視窗片 5 3為一透明屏障’介於光纖陣列與處理室環境之間(而如
第10頁 4423^2 五、發明說明(8) 下所述,其上表面54與研磨墊上表面共面)。視窗片由透 明材質所製成’如聚亞胺酯、或透明塑膠如ClarifiexTM和 poly IR5™。視窗片之厚度,依使用之不同材質的研磨墊而 有所不同,以方便做適量調整,使得視窗上表面與研磨塾 上表面齊平。定中心支撐構件5 5附在固定台内一凹槽裡, 以支撐彈簧56插在該支撐構件與套管41之間(或靠^凹槽 底部’並穿過支撐構件上的孔)。該定中心支持構件的上 表面有一 V行通道’為光纖束套管41之徑向端提供—支撑 點’確保其通過視窗組件中點。該定中心支撐構件製材為 低硬度(約30-50蕭而-Shore A級硬度)之聚亞胺醋戍 類似材料,以起襯墊和支撐纖維陣列5〇的作用。將整個組 件插入研磨固定台上的凹槽46 (圖4)。固定台的視窗外 以高度調整螺釘57固定,使視窗外殼可做上下高度調 整丄而使視窗片與研磨墊的上表面完全齊平。視窗外殼5】 以一扣件,如鎖定螺釘58,穿過視窗外殼,進入固定台内 Γ ί f而固定住。螺釘組的調整和上緊鎖定螺釘可;伴 =外殼完全對準,使得視窗外殼的上表 = 一平面ΐ對研磨墊表面而言,視窗片的視窗上表面為 面平t ^此,視窗外殼的上表面得以保持與研磨墊上表 =調1面而=凹槽的觀塾,該視窗可配合凹槽上Ϊ 圖6所-夕^塾本身亦可依研磨墊的凹槽來刻溝槽。 的視窗組件丁之、斥頁剖面側視圖為延伸過研磨墊之固定台4内 55和支撐彈箬視圖。束套管41自觀察口延伸至支撐構件 ’ 纖維陣列5 0向上延伸,入視窗外殼之開
第11頁 △ 42 36 2 五、發明說明¢9) 口 52内。視窗外殼51以螺釘57由固定台凹槽之底面59支撐 於光纖陣列之上。視窗外殼和視窗之垂直位置由鎖定螺釘 58鎖入固定台凹槽内之螺孔60以支撐。視窗片以接著劑、 小螺釘或其它合適的方法固定於視窗外殼上表面。 使用上,將偵察口組件置於凹槽内,且調整高度使得 視窗片的上表面與研磨墊的上表面齊平。固定台繞其中心 點旋轉,而偵察口與偵察口組件和研磨台一起旋轉。在平 面化過程中,偵察口重複經過晶圓下方,以取得數個晶圓 層厚度的測量值。 因此,當描述有關本裝置及方法之開發環境時,本實 施例僅描述其發明原理。本發明可在不離開本發明之精神 及隨附之申請專利範圍做各種例示及組態。
第12頁 442362 圖式簡單說明 【圖式之簡單說明】 圖1係化學機械研磨室内先前的終端偵測系統。 圖2係安裝有光學終端視窗之化學機械系統之上視 圖。 圖3係安裝有光學終端視窗之化學機械系統之側視 圖。 圖4係光學終端視窗和纖維束組件以及研磨桌之正面 圖。 圖5係光學終端視窗之正面特寫圖。 圖6係固定台内光學終端視窗組件之橫剖面圖 【符號說明】 1〜化學機械研磨裝置 2〜研磨半導體晶圓 3~研磨頭 4〜研磨固定台 5〜平移臂 6〜平移麵 7 ~研磨墊 8 ~ 固定台抽 9〜覆蓋層 1 0〜底層 11〜研磨頭主軸
第13頁 Λ4236 2 圖式簡單說明 12〜處理室 1 3〜固定台開口 、研磨墊開口 14〜研磨墊開口 、固定台凹槽 15〜雷射干擾儀 1 6〜雷射光束 20〜化學機械系統 21〜光學終端視窗 2 2〜研磨劑噴射管 23〜固定台凹槽 24〜箭頭 25〜箭頭 26〜箭頭 30~雷射干擾儀 3 1 ~ 光纖束 32〜旋轉光耦合器 33〜旋轉光耦合端 34〜旋轉封口部 3 5 ~固定纖雉束 40~ 光學觀察口組件 41〜光纖束套管 4 2〜下彎曲 4 3 ~柏環 4 4〜纖維束通道 45〜中央開口
第14頁 圖式簡單說明 46〜觀察口組件凹槽 50〜纖維輸出陣列 51〜陣列支架、視窗外殼 5 2〜開口 5 3〜視窗片 5 4 ~ 上表面 5 5〜定中心支撐構件 56〜支撐彈簧 5 7〜螺釘 5 8〜鎖定螺釘 59〜固定台凹槽之底面 6 0〜螺孔 第15頁

Claims (1)

  1. Λ d 2 3 t 六、申請專利範圍 系統包括具 :一旋轉之 磨頭,用以 該驅動轴使 ♦ « 巾心沿徑向 9 定台内凹槽 槽裡,該光 ,一視窗 凹槽之底表 於光纖陣列 窗外殼由固 台上下調整 其鎖定於固 通往固定台 1 種糸統,用以將—工作件夹ϋϊ_ 1 有-處理室的平坦化裝置,該處理室:u y台’於固定台表面配置有一研磨塾二: 固疋工作件於研磨墊上;及一固定台研 3玄固定台繞其中心轉動, !, 喊十坦化裝置更包含 -1. 一凹槽,在固定台内,位於 移離之位置,㉟凹槽在固定台内設有 1-2. —開口,在研磨墊内, 面 上方; 芏鬥该開口位於固 21 2, 一光學觀察口組件,位於固定台内凹 子觀察口組件包含一支持構件部,一 片—光學纖維陣列,該支持構件部靠於 面上並支撐該光學纖維陣列,該視窗外殼配置 上方,其在光纖陣列上方並置有—開口,該視 定台以至少一組螺釘支撐,該組螺針可依"固定 視窗外殼尚度,該視窗外殼至少 王夕有—個扣件將 疋台,及 Φ 1_4里:ί纖束,自該光纖陣列沿徑向朝内 中心’再經由固定台驅動轴通至一光轉合器。
    第16頁 1 豆有種虚系理統」的用Μ將一工作件表面平坦化’該系統包括 之固定台,於固定處理室内容納有:-旋轉 2 以固定工作件於研;i之研磨塾;-研磨頭’用 堪螯之表面上;及一固定台驅動軸,該 4Λ2362 ^、申請專利範圍 驅動軸使該固定台繞其中心轉動,該平坦化裝置更包含‘ 2 -1. —凹槽,於固定台内,自固定台中心沿徑向位 移,該凹槽於固定台内有一底表面; 2-2. —開口 ,於研磨墊内,該開口覆蓋固定台内的凹 槽; 2 - 3. —光學偵測組件,置於固定台内的凹槽裡,該光 學偵測組件包含一支撐構件,一視窗外殼,一視窗片,即 一光纖陣列,該支撐構件靠於凹槽抵表面上,支撐光纖陣 列,該視窗外殼配置於光纖陣列上方,其在光纖陣列上方 設有一開口,該視窗外殼由至少一組螺釘支撐安置於固定 台上,該組螺釘可將視窗外殼對固定台做上下高度的調 整,並至少有一扣件將視窗外殼鎖定於固定台,該光學偵 測自固定台延伸入研磨墊上的開口 ,而該視窗片與研磨墊 表面齊平;及 2-4. —光纖束,自光纖陣列沿徑向朝内通往固定台之 中點,再經過固定台軸至旋轉光耦合器; 2 - 5.該旋轉光耦合器與一雷射干擾儀相通,能發送與 接收雷射光束至旋轉光耦合器,該雷射干擾儀設置於處理 室外部。
    第17頁
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US6488568B1 (en) 2002-12-03
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