TW201305134A - Ccr3-抑制劑之共結晶體及鹽 - Google Patents
Ccr3-抑制劑之共結晶體及鹽 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201305134A TW201305134A TW100136338A TW100136338A TW201305134A TW 201305134 A TW201305134 A TW 201305134A TW 100136338 A TW100136338 A TW 100136338A TW 100136338 A TW100136338 A TW 100136338A TW 201305134 A TW201305134 A TW 201305134A
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Classifications
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- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/454—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pimozide, domperidone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/56—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D211/58—Nitrogen atoms attached in position 4
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
本發明係關於式1之CCR3抑制劑之共結晶體及鹽,□包含其之醫藥組合物,及其用作治療及/或預防CCR3-受體相關疾病之藥劑之方法。
Description
本發明係關於CCR3抑制劑之共結晶體或鹽,包含其等中之一者之醫藥組合物及將其用作治療及/或預防包括以下之多種炎症、感染性及免疫調節性病症及疾病之藥劑之方法:哮喘及過敏性疾病、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病、病原微生物(包括病毒)之感染、自體免疫病理(諸如類風濕性關節炎及動脈粥樣硬化)以及年齡相關之黃斑變性(AMD)、糖尿病性視網膜病及糖尿病性黃斑水腫。
趨化細胞素為趨化細胞因子,分子量6至15 kDa,由多種細胞釋放以引誘並啟動特定細胞類型,巨噬細胞、T及B淋巴細胞、嗜酸性粒細胞、嗜鹼性粒細胞及嗜中性白血球(參見Luster,New Eng. J Med.,338,436-445(1998);Rollins,Blood,90,909-928(1997);Lloyd,Curr Opin Pharmacol.,3,443-448(2003);Murray,Current Drug Targets.,7,579-588(2006);Smit,Eur J Pharmacol.,533,277-88(2006))
根據胺基酸序列中頭兩個半胱胺酸是否間隔單個胺基酸(CXC)或相鄰而主要存在兩類趨化細胞素,CXC及CC。CXC趨化細胞素(諸如介白素-8(IL-8)、嗜中性白血球-啟動蛋白-2(NAP2)及黑素瘤生長刺激活性蛋白(MGSA))主要針對嗜中性白血球及T淋巴細胞具趨化作用,然而,CC趨化細胞素(諸如RANTES、MIP-1a、MIP-1、單核細胞趨化蛋白(MCP-1、MCP-2、MCP-3、MCP-4及MCP-5)及嗜伊紅趨化因子(-1、-2及-3))特別針對巨噬細胞、T淋巴細胞、嗜酸性粒細胞、肥大細胞、樹突細胞及嗜鹼性粒細胞之細胞類型具趨化作用。亦存在趨化細胞素淋巴細胞趨化因子-1、淋巴細胞趨化因子-2(均為C趨化細胞素)及趨化因子(CXXXC趨化細胞素),其等不屬於任一主要趨化細胞素亞科。
趨化細胞素結合至屬於G-蛋白偶合七跨膜區蛋白家族之特異性細胞表面受體(參見Horuk,Trends Pharm. Sci.,15,159-165(1994);Murphy,Pharmacol Rev.,54(2):227-229(2002);Allen,Annu. Rev. Immunol.,25,787-820(2007))(稱為「趨化細胞素受體」)。結合其同源配位體時,趨化細胞素受體經由相關之三聚G蛋白轉導細胞內訊號,從而導致值得一提之應答,細胞內鈣離子濃度快速增加、G蛋白啟動、細胞形狀改變、細胞黏附分子表現增加、去顆粒化、促進細胞遷移、存活及增殖。存在結合或應答具有以下特徵形態之CC趨化細胞素之至少11種人類趨化細胞素受體:CCR-1(或"CKR-1"或"CC-CKR-1")[MIP-1a、MCP-3、MCP-4、RANTES](Ben-Barruch等人,Cell,72,415-425(1993),Luster,New Eng. J. Med.,338,436-445(1998));CCR-2A及CCR-2B(或"CKR-2A"/"CKR-2B"或"CC-CKR-2A"/"CC-CKR-2B")[MCP-1、MCP2、MCP-3、MCP-4、MCP-5](Charo等人,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,91,2752-2756(1994),Luster,New Eng. J. Med.,338,436-445(1998));CCR3(或"CKR-3"或"CC-CKR-3")[嗜伊紅趨化因子-1、嗜伊紅趨化因子-2、RANTES、MCP-3、MCP-4](Combadiere等人,J. Biol. Chem.,270,16491-16494(1995),Luster,New Eng. J. Med.,338,436-445(1998));CCR-4(或"CKR-4"或"CC-CKR-4")[TARC,MIP-1a,RANTES,MCP-1](Power等人,J. Biol. Chem.,270,19495-19500(1995),Luster,New Eng. J. Med.,338,436-445(1998));CCR-5(或"CKR-5"或"CCCKR-5")[MIP-Ia、RANTES、MIP-Ip](Sanson等人,Biochemistry,35,3362-3367(1996));CCR-6(或"CKR-6"或"CC-CKR-6")[LARC](Baba等人,J. Biol. Chem.,272,14893-14898(1997));CCR-7(或"CKR-7"或"CC-CKR-7")[ELC](Yoshie等人,J. Leukoc. Biol. 62,634-644(1997));CCR-8(或"CKR-8"或"CC-CKR-8")[1-309、TARC、MIP-1p](Napolitano等人,J. Immunol.,157,2759-2763(1996),Bernardini等人,Eur. J. Immunol.,28,582-588(1998));CCR-10(或"CKR-10"或"CC-CKR-10")[MCP-1,MCP-3](Bonini等人,DNA and Cell Biol.,16,1249-1256(1997));及CCR31(或"CKR-11"或"CC-CKR-11")[MCP-1,MCP-2,MCP-4](Schweickart等人,J Biol Chem,275 9550-9556(2000))。
除了哺乳動物趨化細胞素受體之外,誘餌受體CCX-CKR、D6及DARC/達菲(Duffy)以及由哺乳動物巨細胞病毒、疱疹病毒及痘病毒表現之蛋白顯示趨化細胞素受體之結合性質(參見Wells and Schwartz,Curr. Opin. Biotech.,8,741-748(1997);Comerford,Bioessays.,29(3):237-47(2007))。人類CC趨化細胞素(諸如RANTES及MCP-3)可經由此等病毒編碼型受體導致鈣離子快速移動。受體表現因允許破壞正常免疫系統監視及感染應答而可感染。另外,人類趨化細胞素受體(諸如CXCR-4、CCR2、CCR3、CCR5及CCR8)可作為哺乳動物細胞微生物(例如,人類免疫缺陷病毒(HIV))感染之輔助受體。
趨向細胞素受體示為炎症、感染性及免疫調節性病症及疾病之重要介體,包括哮喘及過敏性疾病以及自體免疫病理(諸如類風濕性關節炎)、格雷夫斯氏病(Grave's disease)、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病及動脈粥樣硬化。例如,趨向細胞素受體CCR3尤其係於嗜酸性粒細胞、嗜鹼性粒細胞、TH2細胞、肺泡巨噬細胞、肥大細胞、上皮細胞、小神經膠質細胞、星形膠質細胞及纖維母細胞上表現。CCR3關鍵作用在於引誘嗜酸性粒細胞到達過敏性發炎部位及隨後啟動該等細胞。CCR3之趨向細胞素配位體使細胞內鈣離子濃度快速增加、G蛋白之GTP轉化率增加、ERK磷酸化增加、受體內部化增強、嗜酸性粒細胞形狀變化、細胞黏附分子表現增加、細胞去顆粒化、及促進遷移。因此,抑制趨向細胞素受體之藥劑用於該等病症及疾病。此外,抑制趨向細胞素受體之藥劑亦用於感染性疾病(諸如藉由CCR3表現細胞之HIV阻斷感染)或用於防止諸如巨細胞病毒之病毒操作免疫細胞應答。
因此,CCR3為一種重要的標靶物且CCR3之拮抗作用可有效治療炎症、嗜酸性、免疫調節性及感染性病症及疾病(Wegmann,Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol.,36(1):61-67(2007);Fryer J Clin Invest.,116(1):228-236(2006);De Lucca,Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel.,9(4):516-524(2006))。
因而,本發明潛在之問題為提供CCR3拮抗劑,較佳副作用小,其不僅為強效CCR3抑制劑,而且用於製造預防及/或治療涉及CCR3受體活性之疾病之藥物。
已驚訝地發現,式1之經取代之哌啶極適宜用作CCR3拮抗劑,副作用小,例如,如Watson PS,Bioorg Med Chem Lett.,16(21):5695-5699(2006)所述,抑制正腎上腺素(NET)、多巴胺(DAT)或血清素再吸收轉運體(5-HTT),或如De Lucca,J Med Chem.,48(6):2194-2211(2005)所述,抑制5HT2A、5HT2C或多巴胺D2受體,或如De Lucca,Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel.,9(4):516-524(2006)所述,阻塞hERG通道,或抑制α1B腎上腺素能受體。
然而,該等化合物為基質及因此因其物理行為可引起尋求適宜醫藥劑型之問題而可造成藥物製造的困難。此點可為例如穩定性、感光性或潮解之結構問題,以及物理問題,例如,假如化合物不溶或並不適用於例如研磨之常見製程。
目前,已驚訝地發現,所申請之式1化合物之共結晶體或鹽充分滿足醫藥開發標準以製造如上所述的藥物,例如,足夠之穩定性、可控制之潮解、足以用作藥物之高溶解度、適用於標準製程之固態或明確定義之晶型。
本發明之主旨為式1之化合物與選自由乳清酸、馬尿酸、L-焦麩胺酸、D-焦麩胺酸、菸鹼酸、L-(+)-抗壞血酸、糖精、哌嗪、3-羥基-2-萘甲酸、黏酸(半乳糖二酸)、雙羥萘酸(恩貝酸)、硬脂酸、膽酸、脫氧膽酸、菸鹼醯胺、異菸鹼醯胺、丁二醯胺、尿嘧啶、L-離胺酸、L-脯胺酸、D-纈胺酸、L-精胺酸、甘胺酸組成之群之共結晶體形成劑(較佳抗壞血酸、黏酸、雙羥萘酸、丁二醯胺、菸鹼酸、菸鹼醯胺、異菸鹼醯胺、L-離胺酸、L-脯胺酸)之共結晶體,
其中R1 為C1-6-烷基、C1-6-鹵烷基、O-C1-6-鹵烷基、鹵素;m 為1、2或3;較佳1或2;R2a與R2b各獨立地選自H、C1-6-烷基、C1-6-烯基、C1-6-炔基、C3-6-環烷基、COO-C1-6-烷基、O-C1-6-烷基、CONR2b.1R2b.2、鹵素;R2b.1為H、C1-6-烷基、C0-4-烷基-C3-6-環烷基、C1-6-鹵烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-6-烷基;或R2b.1與R2b.2一起為C3-6-伸烷基,與氮原子形成雜環,其中,視情況,一個碳原子或該環係經氧原子置換R3 為H、C1-6-烷基;X 為選自由氯離子、溴離子、碘離子、硫酸根、磷酸根、甲磺酸根、硝酸根、馬來酸根、乙酸根、苯甲酸根、檸檬酸根、水楊酸根、富馬酸根、酒石酸根、二苯甲醯基酒石酸根、草酸根、琥珀酸根、及對甲苯磺酸根組成之群之陰離子;較佳為氯離子或二苯甲醯基酒石酸根j 為0、0.5、1、1.5或2;較佳1或2;其等共結晶體係用於製造適於預防及/或治療涉及CCR3受體活性之疾病之藥物。
本發明之另一態樣為式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a為H、C1-6-烷基、C1-6-烯基、C1-6-炔基、C3-6-環烷基、O-C1-6-烷基、CONR2a.1R2a.2;R2a.1為H、C1-6-烷基、C1-6-鹵烷基;R2a.2為H、C1-6-烷基;R2b為H、C1-6-烷基、C1-6-烯基、C1-6-炔基、C3-6-環烷基、COO-C1-6-烷基、O-C1-6-烷基、CONR2b.1R2b.2、鹵素;R2b.1為H、C1-6-烷基、C0-4-烷基-C3-6-環烷基、C1-6-鹵烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-6-烷基;或R2b.1與R2b.2一起為C3-6-伸烷基,與氮原子形成雜環,其中,視情況,一個碳原子或該環經氧原子置換及其他殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a為H、C1-6-烷基、C1-6-炔基、C3-6-環烷基、O-C1-6-烷基、CONR2a.1R2a.2;R2a.1為C1-6-烷基;R2a.2為H;R2b為H、C1-6-烷基、O-C1-6-烷基、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C1-6-烷基、C0-4-烷基-C3-6-環烷基、C1-6-鹵烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-6-烷基;或R2b.1與R2b.2一起為C3-6-伸烷基,與氮原子形成雜環,其中,視情況,一個碳原子或該環經氧原子置換及其他殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a為H、C1-4-烷基、C1-4-炔基、C3-6-環烷基、O-C1-4-烷基、CONR2a.1R2a.2;R2a.1為C1-4-烷基;R2a.2為H;R2b為H、C1-4-烷基、O-C1-4-烷基、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C1-4-烷基、C0-4-烷基-C3-6-環烷基、C1-4-鹵烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-4-烷基;或R2b.1與R2b.2一起為C3-6-伸烷基,與氮原子形成雜環,其中,視情況,一個碳原子或該雜環經氧原子置換及其他殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a為H、C1-4-烷基,R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C1-4-烷基、C0-4-烷基-C3-6-環烷基、C1-4-鹵烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-4-烷基;或R2b.1與R2b.2一起為C3-6-伸烷基,與氮原子形成雜環,其中,視情況,一個碳原子或該環經氧原子置換及其他殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R1為C1-6-烷基、C1-6-鹵烷基、O-C1-6-鹵烷基、鹵素;m為1或2;R2a為H、C1-4-烷基;R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C1-4-烷基、C0-4-烷基-C3-6-環烷基、C1-4-鹵烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-4-烷基;或R2b.1與R2b.2一起為C3-6-伸烷基,與氮原子形成雜環,其中,視情況,一個碳原子或該環經氧原子置換R3為H、C1-6-烷基;X 為選自由氯離子或二苯甲醯基酒石酸根組成之群之陰離子j 為1或2。
本發明之另一態樣為式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳甲基、乙基、丙基;R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C1-4-烷基;較佳甲基、乙基、丙基;R2b.2為C1-4-烷基;較佳甲基、乙基、丙基;及其他殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳甲基、乙基、丙基;R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C0-4-烷基-C3-6-環烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳H、甲基、乙基、丙基;及其他殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳甲基、乙基、丙基;R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C1-4-鹵烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳H、甲基、乙基、丙基;及其他殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R2b.1與R2b.2一起為C3-6-伸烷基,與氮原子形成雜環,其中,視情況,一個碳原子或該環經氧原子置換及其他殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R1、m、R2a、R2b、R3、X及j係如以上定義且該共結晶體形成劑係選自由抗壞血酸、黏酸、雙羥萘酸、丁二醯胺、菸鹼酸、菸鹼醯胺、異菸鹼醯胺、L-離胺酸、L-脯胺酸或其水合物或鹽酸鹽組成之群。
本發明之另一態樣為式1a化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a、R2b、R3、X及j係如以上定義
本發明之另一態樣為式1a化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳甲基、乙基、丙基;R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C1-4-烷基;較佳甲基、乙基、丙基;R2b.2為C1-4-烷基;較佳甲基、乙基、丙基;及其他殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1a化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳甲基、乙基、丙基;R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C0-4-烷基-C3-6-環烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳H、甲基、乙基、丙基;及其他殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1a化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳為甲基、乙基、丙基;R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C1-4-鹵烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳為H、甲基、乙基、丙基;及其他殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1a化合物之共結晶體,其中R2b.1與R2b.2一起為C3-6-伸烷基,與氮原子形成雜環,其中,視情況,一個碳原子或該環經氧原子置換及其他殘基係如以上定義。
式1化合物(j=0)之游離鹼通常為非晶形且用於共結晶體之製程,然而,對於共結晶體之製程而言,較佳為式1化合物之鹽。因此,本發明之另一態樣為式1化合物之鹽,其中R1、m、R2a、R2b、R3係如以上共結晶體定義及X為選自由氯離子、溴離子、碘離子、硫酸根、磷酸根、甲磺酸根、硝酸根、馬來酸根、乙酸根、苯甲酸根、檸檬酸根、水楊酸根、富馬酸根、酒石酸根、二苯甲醯基酒石酸根、草酸根、琥珀酸根及對甲苯磺酸根組成之群之陰離子;較佳氯離子或二苯甲醯基酒石酸根j 為0、0.5、1、1.5或2;較佳1或2。
本發明之另一態樣為式1化合物之鹽,其中R1、m、R2a、R2b、R3係如以上共結晶體所定義及X 為選自由氯離子或二苯甲醯基酒石酸根組成之群之陰離子j 為1或2。
本發明之另一態樣為式1化合物之鹽,其中R1、m、R2a、R2b、R3係如以上鹽所定義且X為氯離子及j為2。
本發明之另一態樣為式1化合物之鹽,其中R1、m、R2a、R2b、R3係如以上鹽所定義且X為二苯甲醯基酒石酸根及j為1。
本發明之另一態樣為式1a化合物之鹽,其中R2a、R2b、R3、X及j係如以上定義
本發明之另一態樣為式1a化合物之鹽,其中R2a為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳甲基、乙基、丙基;R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C1-4-烷基;較佳甲基、乙基、丙基;R2b.2為C1-4-烷基;較佳甲基、乙基、丙基;及其餘殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1a化合物之鹽,其中R2a為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳甲基、乙基、丙基;R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C0-4-烷基-C3-6-環烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳H、甲基、乙基、丙基;及其他殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1a化合物之鹽,其中R2a為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳甲基、乙基、丙基;R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C1-4-鹵烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-4-烷基;較佳H、甲基、乙基、丙基;及其他殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1a化合物之鹽,其中R2b.1與R2b.2一起為C3-6-伸烷基,與氮原子形成雜環,其中,視情況,一個碳原子或該環經氧原子置換及其他殘基係如以上定義。
本發明之另一態樣為式1a化合物之鹽,其中R1、m、R2a、R2b、R3係如以上鹽所定義且X為氯離子及j為2。
本發明之另一態樣為式1a化合物之鹽,其中R1、m、R2a、R2b、R3係如以上鹽所定義且X為二苯甲醯基酒石酸根及j為1。本發明之另一態樣為式1a化合物之鹽,其中R1、m、R2a、R2b、R3係如以上鹽所定義且X為(S)-(S)-(+)-2,3-二苯甲醯基酒石酸根及j為1。
上述鹽亦用於製造於預防及/或治療涉及CCR3受體活性之疾病之藥物。
本發明之另一態樣為自以下實例合成部分之實例1至36之化合物與酸(HX)j之共結晶體或鹽,其中X為選自由氯離子、溴離子、碘離子、硫酸根、磷酸根、甲磺酸根、硝酸根、馬來酸根、乙酸根、苯甲酸根、檸檬酸根、水楊酸根、富馬酸根、酒石酸根、二苯甲醯基酒石酸根、草酸根、琥珀酸根、及對甲苯磺酸根組成之群之陰離子,較佳為氯離子或二苯甲醯基酒石酸根及j為0、0.5、1、1.5或2;較佳為1或2;及與選自由乳清酸、馬尿酸、L-焦麩胺酸、D-焦麩胺酸、菸鹼酸、L-(+)-抗壞血酸、糖精、哌嗪、3-羥基-2-萘甲酸、黏酸(半乳糖二酸)、雙羥萘酸(恩貝酸)、硬脂酸、膽酸、脫氧膽酸、菸鹼醯胺、異菸鹼醯胺、丁二醯胺、尿嘧啶、L-離胺酸、L-脯胺酸、D-纈胺酸、L-精胺酸、甘胺酸組成之群之共結晶體形成劑(較佳為抗壞血酸、黏酸、雙羥萘酸、丁二醯胺、菸鹼酸、菸鹼醯胺、異菸鹼醯胺、L-離胺酸、L-脯胺酸)之共結晶體,本發明之另一態樣為自以下實例合成部分之實例1至36與酸(HX)j之共結晶體或鹽,其中X為選自由氯離子或二苯甲醯基酒石酸根組成之群之陰離子及j為1或2;及與選自由抗壞血酸、黏酸、雙羥萘酸、丁二醯胺、菸鹼酸、菸鹼醯胺、異菸鹼醯胺、L-離胺酸、L-脯胺酸組成之群之共結晶體形成劑之共結晶體,尤其地,式1、1a或自以下實例合成部分之實例1至36之化合物之二鹽酸鹽及(S)-(S)-(+)-2,3-二苯甲醯基酒石酸鹽為本發明之較佳實例,其係用於製備/製造上述共結晶體及/或製造於預防及/或治療涉及CCR3受體活性之疾病之藥物。
於本發明內容中,若提及二苯甲醯基酒石酸鹽,則二苯甲醯基酒石酸鹽之較佳對映異構體常為(S)-(S)-(+)-2,3-二苯甲醯基酒石酸鹽。
本發明之另一態樣為用於製造式1之化合物之新穎中間物。該等中間物可如以下實驗部分所述由市售離析物製得。
本發明中,撇號'顯示實驗部分中所示之命名結構與新穎中間物之間的差異。差異為R1係受限於Cl及Me且m為1。
本文中未明確定義之術語應賦予熟習此項相關技術者根據揭示內容及上下文所給予之含義。然而,如本說明書中所用,除非明確指明,否則,以下術語具有所述含義且遵守以下規定。
在下文定義之基團、基根或部分中,碳原子數通常在基團前指明,例如,C1-6-烷基意指具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。一般,對於含有兩個或更多個子基團之基團而言,先命名之子基團為基根連接點,例如,取代基「C1-3-烷基芳基」意指結合C1-3-烷基之芳基,其中之後者結合至核或取代基所連接之基團。
倘若本發明之化合物係以化學名稱及化學式之形式描述,出現差異時,以化學式為主。子式中可使用星號來指示與所定義核分子連接之鍵。
除非明確指明,否則,於本說明書及附屬請求項中,所給出之化學式或名稱應包括互變異構體及所有立體、光學及幾何異構體(例如,對映異構體、非對映異構體、E/Z異構體等)及其外消旋異構體以及不同對映異構體以不同比例之混合物、非對映異構體之混合物或前述任意形式之混合物,其中存有該等異構體及對映異構體,以及鹽,包括其醫藥可接受鹽及其溶劑化物,諸如(例如)包括自由化合物之溶劑化物或化合物之鹽之溶劑化物之水合物。
術語鹵素一般指示氟、氯、溴及碘。
術語「C1-n-烷基」(其中n為2至n之整數),以單獨形式或與另一基根組合之形式,指示具有1至n個C原子之非環狀、飽和、支鏈或直鏈烴基。例如,術語C1-5-烷基包括基根H3C-、H3C-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-、H3C-C(CH3)2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-、H3C-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-、H3C-CH2-C(CH3)2-、H3C-C(CH3)2-CH2-、H3C-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-及H3C-CH2-CH(CH2CH3)-。
術語「C1-n-鹵烷基」(其中n為2至n之整數),以單獨形式或與另一基根組合之形式,指示具有1至n個C原子之非環狀、飽和、支鏈或直鏈烴基,其中一或多個氫原子經選自氟、氯或溴之鹵素原子置換,較佳氟及氯,尤佳氟。實例包括:CH2F、CHF2、CF3。
術語「C1-n-伸烷基」(其中n為2至n之整數),以單獨形式或與另一基根組合之形式,指示含有1至n個碳原子之非環狀、直鏈或支鏈二價烷基。例如,術語C1-4-伸烷基包括-CH2-、-CH2-CH2-、-CH(CH3)-、-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-C(CH3)2-、-CH(CH2CH3)-、-CH(CH3)-CH2-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-、-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-、-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-、-CH2-C(CH3)2-、-C(CH3)2-CH2-、-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-、-CH2-CH(CH2CH3)-、-CH(CH2CH3)-CH2-、-CH(CH2CH2CH3)-、-CH(CH(CH3))2-及-C(CH3)(CH2CH3)-。
術語「C2-n-烯基」如具有至少兩個碳原子的「C1-n-烷基」的定義中所定義般用於基團,假設該基團中至少兩碳原子雙鍵彼此結合。
術語「C2-n-炔基」如具有至少兩個碳原子的「C1-n-烷基」的定義中所定義般用於基團,假設該基團中至少兩碳原子三鍵彼此結合。
術語「C3-n-環烷基」(其中n為4至n之整數),以單獨形式或與另一基根組合之形式,指示具有3至n個C原子之非環狀、飽和、直鏈烴基。例如,術語C3-7-環烷基包括環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基及環庚基。
由通式1表示之本發明實例可藉由下述方法1至6合成,其中m、R1、R2a及R2b係如以上定義且Xs為氯或溴及Y為甲基或乙基。該等方法係直接或間接取決於根據反應圖I合成之中間物A。倘若未提及,則可於市面獲得起始物質。
步驟1:於50℃下,將含4-氯-3-甲基苄基溴(20 g)[根據文獻:J.L. Kelley,J.A. Linn,J.W.T. Selway,J. Med. Chem. 1989,32(8),1757-1763合成]、4-哌啶酮(22 g)、K2CO3(26 g)之乙腈(300 ml)加熱14 h。過濾懸浮液且真空濃縮濾液。急驟層析(環己烷/EtOAc 1:1)純化殘餘物得到中間物I1(17.4 g)。
步驟2:將中間物I1(10 g)及D-H-Glu(OtBu)-OMe(10.8 g)溶於DMF(200 ml)及HOAc(5 ml)中。添加分子篩(1.0 g,4,粉末狀)且攪拌懸浮液過夜。添加三乙醯氧基硼氫化鈉(37.5 g)且攪拌該懸浮液直到完全轉化為中間物型亞胺。藉由緩慢添加NaHCO3水溶液,然後添加另一份體積之水及二氯甲烷(500 ml)而實現鹼性pH。分離出有機相且利用二氯甲烷(500 ml)萃取水相。利用鹽水洗滌該有機相,乾燥繼而真空濃縮得到中間物I2(19.5 g)。
步驟3:將中間物I2(19.5 g,74%純度)溶於二氯甲烷(40 ml)及三氟乙酸(20 ml)中。於25℃下攪拌該溶液14 h,然後添加另一份TFA(40 ml),繼續攪拌該溶液7 h。然後,真空濃縮反應混合物,溶於甲苯中然後再次濃縮得到中間物I3(29.5 g)。
步驟4:將中間物I3(29 g,純度55%)溶於二氯甲烷(100 ml)與DIPEA(22 ml)之混合物中。添加TBTU(15 g)且攪拌該溶液30 min。然後,添加二氯甲烷(150 ml)、水(100 ml)及飽和NaHCO3溶液(100 ml),分離出有機相且利用二氯甲烷(100 ml)萃取水相一次。乾燥該有機相繼而濃縮得到油狀物,接著,藉由反相HPLC分餾。真空濃縮所期餾份,然後,藉由添加NaHCO3溶液調整得到鹼性pH並利用二氯甲烷萃取產物得到中間物I4(8.1 g)。
步驟5:將中間物I4(7 g)溶於二噁烷(50 ml)中。添加LiOH(2.5 M水溶液,23 ml)及水(20 ml)且於室溫下攪拌過夜。利用水性4 N HCl酸化溶液然後真空濃縮。將殘餘物溶於水、乙腈及少量二噁烷中繼而凍乾得到中間物A(10.4 g,71%純度)。
步驟1:使含4-氯-3-甲基苄基氯(85.7 g)、水合4-哌啶酮鹽酸鹽(80.5 g)及K2CO3(141.8 g)之1:1二噁烷/水混合物(600 ml)回流下加熱3.5 h。使懸浮液冷卻至室溫繼而添加水(200 ml)。隨後,利用甲苯(2×400 ml)萃取混合物。利用鹽水(2×400 ml)洗滌合併之有機相,經Na2SO4乾燥繼而過濾。蒸發至乾後,得到中間物I1[110.8 g,Rf=0.27(TLC,矽石,PE/EtOAc=7:3)]。
步驟2+3+4:將D-H-Glu(OMe)-OMe*HCl(11.4 g)及中間物11(11.4 g)溶於DMF(35 ml)中且於室溫下攪拌2 h。然後,於低於15℃下,添加含NaBH(OAc)3(36.8 g)之DMF(40 ml)溶液。使混合物升溫至室溫且攪拌30分鐘。現在,可分離出式I3'-Me之化合物
或添加AcOH(0.3 ml)而不分離出中間產物且將該混合物加熱至105℃,加熱1.5 h。使該混合物冷卻至室溫繼而添加冷水(188 ml)。藉由添加NaOH(50%水溶液)調整pH達pH=8。最後,利用第三丁基甲基醚(3×75 ml)萃取該混合物,利用鹽水(1×50 ml)洗滌合併之有機相,經Na2SO4乾燥繼而過濾。蒸發至乾後,得到中間物I4[15.9 g,ee=98.3%,Rf=0.30(TLC,矽石,甲苯/EtOH=85:15)]。
步驟5:將中間物I4(150.3 g)溶於MeOH(526 ml)中,添加4 N NaOH(145.7 ml)且使混合物加熱至回流,加熱回流2 h。隨後,蒸餾出MeOH繼而添加水(500 ml)。利用第三丁基甲基醚(2×300 ml)萃取該混合物。利用水(402 ml)稀釋水相且藉由添加4 N HCl調整pH達pH=6.5。使懸浮液冷卻至5℃且再攪拌2 h。最後,過濾該混合物,利用水洗滌殘餘物且乾燥得到中間物A[107.8 g,ee99.0%,m.p.: 260±3℃,Rf=0.2(TLC,矽石,甲苯/EtOH=9:1)]。
藉由方法1合成實例(以R1為4-氯-3-甲基;R2a為乙基;R2b為N,N-二甲基甲醯胺基;XS為溴;Y為甲基為例)。
步驟1:於惰性氣氛下,使中間物A以其N,N-二異丙基乙胺鹽(500 mg)形式懸浮於無水DMF(7 ml)中繼而添加TBTU(836 mg),接著,添加N,N-二異丙基乙胺(0.53 ml)。於室溫下攪拌1 h之後,添加六甲基二矽氮烷(0.44 ml)且攪拌混合物6 h。添加另一部分之TBTU(334 mg)及六甲基二矽氮烷(0.22 ml)且繼續攪拌反應18 h。減壓下蒸發溶劑及殘餘物分配於NaHCO3之飽和水溶液與EtOAc之間。分離層繼而利用EtOAc萃取水相。利用鹽水洗滌合併之有機萃取物,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾,然後,減壓下蒸發溶劑。急驟層析(20 g 矽膠卡管;溶離劑:二氯甲烷/MeOH/NH4OH95/5/0.5)純化粗產物得到I5(295 mg)。UPLC(Rt)=1.24 min(方法M)
步驟2:將氧溴化磷(45 g)添加至檸嗪酸(15 g)之攪拌溶液中且將混合物加熱至140℃。14 h後,使該混合物冷卻至0℃且於劇烈攪拌下緩慢添加MeOH(100 ml)。然後,將該混合物傾入冷卻(0℃)之碳酸鈉水溶液(1 M,500 ml)中,然後,添加氯仿(500 ml)。過濾該雙相混合物並分離出有機層。炭過濾後,真空濃縮溶液。MPLC(二氯甲烷:MeOH為100:3至100:6)純化殘餘物得到2,6-二溴異菸鹼鹼酸甲酯(13.7 g)。HPLC(Rt)=1.62(方法D)。於氬氣下,將2,6-二溴異菸鹼鹼酸甲酯(2.2 g)、乙酸鈀(167 mg)、4,5-雙(二苯膦基)-9,9-二甲基二苯并哌喃(Xanthphos)(432 mg)及Cs2CO3(5.6 g)添加至I5(2.6 g)之二噁烷(30 ml)攪拌溶液中且使混合物回流1 h。使該混合物冷卻至室溫然後添加至水中且利用EtOAc萃取。利用鹽水洗滌有機萃取物,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾繼而減壓下蒸發溶劑。藉由HPLC(方法E)純化粗產物得到I6(0.6 g)。
步驟3:於氬氣下,將1,1'-雙(二苯基膦基)二茂鐵二氯鈀(II)(65 mg)及二乙基鋅(1 M己烷,1.1 ml)加入I5(500 mg)之二噁烷(10 ml)攪拌溶液中。使混合物回流2 h,然後,冷卻至室溫。接著以NH4Cl(含水)淬滅且利用EtOAc萃取。利用鹽水洗滌有機萃取物,過Na2SO4乾燥,過濾,繼而於減壓下蒸發溶劑得到I7。
步驟4:(採用中間物A之合成法步驟5之程式,且反應溫度為50℃)。得到I8(137 mg)。HPLC(Rt)=1.32 min(方法D)。
步驟5:將TBTU(772 mg)、DIPEA(0.7 ml)及二甲胺(0.36 g)添加至I8(800 mg)之DMF(10 ml)攪拌溶液中。2 h後,以水淬滅反應且利用EtOAc萃取。利用鹽水洗滌有機萃取物,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾,繼而於減壓下蒸發溶劑得到實例25(410 mg)。HPLC(Rt)=1.32 min(方法D)。
藉由方法2合成實例(以R1為4-氯-3-甲基;R2a為氫;R2b為N-甲基甲醯胺基;Y為乙基為例)。
步驟1:將草醯氯(2 M二氯甲烷,2.5 ml)加入中間物A(0.48 g)之二氯甲烷(5 ml)攪拌溶液中。2 h後,於減壓下濃縮反應混合物。將2-胺基-異菸鹼酸乙酯(0.51 g)於吡啶(1 ml)及二噁烷(2 ml)中之懸浮液加入該反應混合物中且攪拌10 min。於減壓下濃縮該混合物得到I7(0.3 g)。HPLC(Rt)=1.37 min(方法D)。
步驟2:(採用中間物A之合成法步驟5之程式)。
得到I8(55 mg)。HPLC(Rt)=1.23 min(方法D)。
步驟3:在室溫下,將HATU(60 mg)、DMF(1 ml)及DIPEA(0.07 ml)加入I8(55 mg)之攪拌溶液中。5 min後,添加甲胺(2 M THF,0.2 ml)。又5 min之後,添加水且利用TFA酸化混合物。HPLC純化粗產物得到實例8(50 mg)。HPLC(Rt)=1.22 min(方法D)。
亦相關於步驟1之2-胺基-6-甲基異菸鹼酸甲酯係如下製得:
步驟a:將2-氯-6-甲基異菸鹼酸(9 g)、氨水(44 ml)、Cu(II)SO4(0.9 g)及硫化鈉(0.32 g)加入高壓釜中且加熱至155℃過夜。使粗產物懸浮於水中得到2-胺基-6-甲基異菸鹼酸(3.6 g)。HPLC:Rt=0.37 min(方法D)
步驟b:於室溫下,將乙醯氯(3 ml)逐滴加入50 ml MeOH中。15 min後,添加2-胺基-6-甲基異菸鹼酸(2.3 g)且於50℃下使混合物攪拌過夜。溶液濃縮後,將所得殘餘物懸浮於丙酮中,然後過濾並於50℃下真空乾燥,得到2-胺基-6-甲基異菸鹼酸甲酯(4.1 g)。HPLC:Rt=0.91 min(方法D)
藉由方法3A合成實例(以R1為4-氯-3-甲基;R2a為甲基;R2b為N,N-二甲基甲醯胺基為例)。
步驟1:將中間物A(8.30 g)、2-胺基-6,N,N-三甲基異菸鹼醯胺(4.24 g)及NEt3(43 ml)混合於THF無水(66 ml)中且加熱至55℃。添加T3P(50% EtOAc溶液,56 ml)且使反應混合物攪拌1 h。冷卻至室溫後,添加EtOAc(66 ml)及水(50 ml)。分離相且以EtOAc(1×50 ml)萃取水相。以鹽水洗滌已合併之有機相繼而經Na2SO4乾燥。過濾後,真空移除溶劑得到實例11[9.78g,Rf=0.55(TLC,矽石,甲苯/EtOH=3:2)]。
將實例11(200 mg)、EtOH(0.8 ml)及水(0.4 ml)混合且加熱至70℃。添加含(S)-(S)-(+)-2,3-二苯甲醯基酒石酸(175 mg)之EtOH(0.6 ml)及水(0.6 ml)溶液。冷卻至室溫後,過濾出沉澱物,以EtOH/H2O(7:3)洗滌繼而乾燥得到實例11之(S)-(S)-(+)-2,3-二苯甲醯基酒石酸鹽(200 mg)。
藉由方法3B合成實例(以R1為4-氯-3-甲基;R2a為甲基;R2b為N,N-二甲基甲醯胺基為例)。
步驟1:將中間物A(73.3 g)及NEt3(117 ml)混合於無水THF(440 ml)中並添加T3P(50% EtOAc溶液,246 ml)。使混合物升溫至50℃並保持30分鐘,然後,添加2-胺基-6-甲基異菸鹼酸甲酯(34.7 g)。攪拌過夜後,使反應混合物冷卻至室溫,然後,添加水(440 ml)及4 N NaOH(52 ml)。分離相且以iPrOAc(2×220 ml)萃取水相。以水(2×220 ml)洗滌合併之有機相,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾繼而蒸發至乾得到中間物I11。[99.1 g,m.p.: 155±3℃,Rf=0.29(TLC,矽石,甲苯/EtOH=85:15)]。
步驟2:將中間物I11(138.6 g)懸浮於iPrOH(415 ml)中並添加NaOH(50%水溶液,14.5 ml)。將混合物加熱至55℃並保持1 h。隨後,真空移除溶劑且使殘餘物與iPrOH(2×200 ml)及MeTHF(1×500 ml)共蒸餾。然後,添加無水MeTHF(701 ml)、Me2NH(2 M THF溶液,208 ml)及NEt3(117 ml)且使混合物升溫至50℃。添加T3P(50% EtOAc溶液,327.4 ml)且於50℃下使反應混合物另攪拌1.5 h。冷卻至室溫後,添加水(818 ml)。分離相且以iPrOAc(2×281 ml)萃取水相。以水(2×281 ml)洗滌合併之有機相,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾繼而蒸發至乾。將殘餘物(粗製實例11)溶於丙酮(1.46 L)中且投放HCl(2.98 M EtOAc溶液,240 ml)。使懸浮液於室溫下攪拌1 h。過濾出沉澱物,以丙酮(100 ml)洗滌且於50℃下懸浮於丙酮(1.53 L)與EtOH無水(180 ml)之混合物中並保持30分鐘。然後,使該懸浮液冷卻至10℃並攪拌30分鐘。過濾出沉澱物,以冷丙酮(200 ml)洗滌並乾燥得到實例11之二鹽酸鹽(117 g,ee99.9%,m.p.: 194±3℃)。
步驟1:使2-氯-6-甲基異菸鹼酸[文獻:Sperber等人,JACS 1959,81,704-707](96.1 g)懸浮於甲苯(480 ml)中並添加DMF(0.5 ml)。升溫至85℃後,投放SOCl2(61.5 ml)。將反應混合物加熱至回流並保持1.5 h,然後,冷卻至室溫。真空移除溶劑及過量試劑後,使殘餘物與甲苯(2×200 ml)共蒸餾且最終溶於甲苯(300 ml)中。隨後,在低於10℃下,將以上製得之溶液加入Me2NH(2 M THF溶液,336 ml)與NEt3(94 ml)之混合物中。使該混合物升溫至室溫且再攪拌30分鐘。添加水(300 ml)且以甲苯(3×200 ml)萃取該混合物。以鹽水(1×200 ml)洗滌合併之有機相,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾,然後,蒸發。以正庚烷(288 ml)處理油狀殘餘物,然後,添加晶種。於室溫下攪拌30分鐘之後,過濾出沉澱物,洗滌繼而真空乾燥得到中間物I12[93.7 g,m.p.: 85±3℃,Rf=0.22(TLC,矽石,PE/EtOAc=1:1)]。
步驟2:將中間物I12(26.7 g)、Cs2CO3(70 g)、Pd(OAc)2(302 mg)及(2-聯苯基)-二-第三丁基膦(0.92 g)混合於二噁烷無水(270 ml)中並添加苄胺(22.3 ml)。將反應混合物加熱至100℃過夜,冷卻至室溫,然後,過濾。添加水性HCl(2 M,100 ml)且以第三丁基甲醚(70 ml)萃取混合物。將NaOH(4 N,55 ml)加入水相中。以第三丁基甲醚(3×70 ml)萃取後,以鹽水洗滌合併之有機相,經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾繼而蒸發至乾得到中間物I13[23.0 g,m.p.: 124±3℃,Rf=0.20(TLC,矽石,PE/EtOAc=2:3)]。
步驟3:將中間物I13(37.0 g)及Pd(OH)2/C懸浮於EtOH無水(185 ml)及AcOH(16 ml)中。於70℃及60 psi下使混合物氫化直至完全。過濾該混合物且將濾液蒸發至乾。將殘留的殘餘物溶於二氯甲烷(250 ml)中,以Na2CO3溶液(10%水,150 ml)洗滌,然後,經Na2SO4乾燥。過濾及蒸發後,分離出2-胺基-6,N,N-三甲基異菸鹼醯胺I14[22.2 g,m.p.: 168±3℃,Rf=0.15(TLC,矽石,以NEt3/PE,EtOAc鈍化)]。
替代方案:將中間物I12(26.6 g)、Cs2CO3(48.9 g)、二苯酮亞胺(25.0 g)、Pd(OAc)2(0.60 g)及外消旋BINAP(4.52 g)懸浮於甲苯(266 ml)中且加熱至100℃並保持2日。使混合物冷卻至室溫,然後,過濾。將4 N HCl(67 ml)加入濾液中且於室溫下使該混合物攪拌30分鐘。添加水(67 ml)繼而分離相。以水(50 ml)萃取有機相。以甲苯(100 ml)洗滌合併之水相。添加4 N NaOH(70 ml)後,以CH2Cl2(4×100 ml)萃取該鹼性水相。以鹽水(100 ml)洗滌合併之有機相,經Na2SO4乾燥,然後,過濾。蒸發至乾後,分離出2-胺基-6,N,N-三甲基異菸鹼醯胺I14[22.1 g,Rf=0.15(TLC,矽石,以NEt3/PE,EtOAc鈍化)]。
其他N源(例如CH3CONH2或CF3CONH2)可替代上述苄胺(如步驟1中)或二苯酮亞胺(如替代方案中)用於2-胺基-6,N,N-三甲基異菸鹼醯胺之合成。
藉由方法4合成實例(以R1為3-甲基-4-氯;R2a為環丙基;R2b為N,N-二甲基甲醯胺基;X為溴及Y為甲基為例)。
步驟1:於室溫下,將LiOH(10%水溶液;0.05 ml)加入I6(90 mg)之THF(3 ml)攪拌溶液中。1 h後,將反應加熱至30℃且又30 min後,減壓濃縮得到I9(110 mg)。HPLC(Rt)=1.34 min(方法D)。
步驟2:於室溫下,將HATU(110 mg)加入含幾滴DMF之I9(80 mg)之二氯甲烷(5 ml)攪拌溶液中。45 min後,添加二甲胺(0.014 ml)且使混合物攪拌2 h。添加另一份之HATU(110 mg)及二甲胺(1 ml)且於2 h後將該反應液添加至水/二氯甲烷中繼而經由Isolute HMN卡管分離相。經Na2SO4乾燥有機相,過濾,然後,減壓下蒸發溶劑。HPLC純化殘餘物得到I10(20 mg)。HPLC(Rt)=1.32 min(方法D)。
步驟3:在-78℃下,於氬氣中,將第三丁基鋰(0.056 ml)逐滴加入溴代環丙烷(0.039 ml)之THF攪拌溶液中。25 min後,添加環丙基溴化鋅(0.5 M THF,0.096 ml)且使混合物升至室溫。1 h後,添加I10(23 mg)及1,1'-雙(二苯基膦基)二茂鐵二氯鈀(II)(3 mg)。又35 min後,添加另一份環丙基溴化鋅(0.5 M THF,0.096 ml)且1 h之後,添加另一份環丙基溴化鋅(0.5 M THF,0.096 ml)且使混合物攪拌過夜。添加另一份環丙基溴化鋅(0.5 M THF,0.24 ml)且於4 h之後,以THF稀釋該混合物繼而過濾。HPLC純化得到實例32(7 mg)。HPLC(Rt)=1.34 min(方法D)。
藉由方法5合成實例(以R1為4-氯-3-甲基;R2a為甲氧基;R2b為N,N-二甲基甲醯胺基;Y為甲基為例)。
步驟1:於130℃下,使含甲醇鈉(375 mg)及2,6-二溴-異菸鹼鹼酸甲酯(1.0 g)之MeOH(20 ml)溶液在微波爐中加熱30 min。然後,添加另一份甲醇鈉(281 mg)且於130℃下再繼續加熱15 min。然後,將濃硫酸(1.86 ml)加入反應混合物中且使所得懸浮液於80-85℃下受熱4 h。冷卻至室溫後,將該混合物注入冰冷碳酸鈉水溶液(100 mL)中且以二氯甲烷(100 ml)萃取。分離出有機層,經Na2SO4乾燥繼而真空濃縮。藉由MPLC(二氯甲烷:MeOH=100:3至100:5)純化殘餘物得到710 mg 2-溴-6-甲氧基異菸鹼鹼酸酯(497 mg)與對應之三甲基檸嗪酸(213 mg)之7:3混合物。HPLC(Rt)=1.66 min(方法D)。然後,將該混合物用於與方法1之步驟2類似之程式中。
步驟2+3:(分別類似於方法2之步驟2、3進行)
得到實例26(7 mg)。HPLC(Rt)=1.29 min(方法D)。
藉由方法6合成實例(以R1為4-氯-3-甲基;R2a為乙炔基;R2b為N,N-二甲基甲醯胺基;X為溴;Y為甲基為例)。
步驟1:在室溫下,於氬氣中,將TEA(2 ml)、雙三苯基膦氯化鈀(219 mg)及碘化銅(I)(59 mg)加入I6(3.5 g)之THF(20 ml)溶液中,接著添加三甲基甲矽烷基乙炔(1 ml)。過夜攪拌後,將混合物加入冰水中且以EtOAc萃取。分離出有機層,經Na2SO4乾燥,然後,真空濃縮。急驟層析(95:5二氯甲烷:MeOH)得到I11(3 g)。Rf(95:5二氯甲烷:MeOH)0.22。
步驟2:於室溫下,將LiOH(1 M水溶液,10.4 ml)加入I11(3 g)之二噁烷(30 ml)攪拌溶液中。2 h後,添加HCl(1 M水溶液)達到中性pH,然後,過濾所得懸浮液並乾燥。HPLC純化得到I12(2.3 g)。HPLC(Rt)=1.31 min(方法D)
步驟3:(類似於方法2之步驟3進行)。
得到實例34(210 mg)。HPLC(Rt)=1.23 min(方法E)
可根據以上方法合成以下實例:
可自以實例方式例示本發明原理之以下更具體的實例明瞭本發明之其他特徵及優點。
自式1化合物之二鹽酸鹽開始合成共結晶體:於80-50℃下,將等莫耳量之式1之一種化合物(較佳以上實例1至36中之一者)之二鹽酸鹽及適宜之共結晶體形成劑(選自乳清酸、馬尿酸、L-焦麩胺酸、D-焦麩胺酸、菸鹼酸、L-(+)-抗壞血酸、糖精、哌嗪、3-羥基-2-萘甲酸、黏酸(半乳糖二酸)、雙羥萘酸(恩貝酸)、硬脂酸、膽酸、脫氧膽酸、菸鹼醯胺、異菸鹼醯胺、丁二醯胺、尿嘧啶、L-離胺酸、L-脯胺酸、D-纈胺酸、L-精胺酸、甘胺酸)組合於適宜溶劑(選自例如2-丁酮、丙酮、乙腈、乙酸異丙酯)中。攪拌10-60分鐘之後,使反應混合物冷卻至室溫,若需要,則添加另一份溶劑以利於混合物之攪拌。最終,過濾回收固體,以適宜之有機溶劑洗滌,然後,真空乾燥得到對應之共結晶體。
自式1化合物之游離鹼開始合成共結晶體:將等莫耳量之式1之一種化合物(較佳以上實例1至36中之一者)之游離鹼、適宜之共結晶體形成劑(選自乳清酸、馬尿酸、L-焦麩胺酸、D-焦麩胺酸、菸鹼酸、L-(+)-抗壞血酸、糖精、哌嗪、3-羥基-2-萘甲酸、黏酸(半乳糖二酸)、雙羥萘酸(恩貝酸)、硬脂酸、膽酸、脫氧膽酸、菸鹼醯胺、異菸鹼醯胺、丁二醯胺、尿嘧啶、L-離胺酸、L-脯胺酸、D-纈胺酸、L-精胺酸、甘胺酸)及鹽酸(1.5-2當量)組合於適宜溶劑(選自例如2-丁酮、丙酮、乙腈、乙酸異丙酯)中且將混合物調至80-50℃。攪拌10-60分鐘後,使混合物冷卻至室溫,若需要,則添加另一份溶劑以利於混合物之可攪拌性。最終,過濾回收固體,以適宜之有機溶劑洗滌,然後,真空乾燥得到對應之共結晶體。
結晶共結晶體型及鹽係藉由X-射線粉末繞射圖特徵化,採用CuKα1輻射製得,包括於特定2θ角處之峰值(±0.05° 2θ)。
於本發明之範圍內,使用配備位置敏感監測器(OED)及作為X射線源(CuKα1輻射,λ=1,54056 ,40 kV,40 mA)之Cu陽極之STOE-STADI P-繞射儀以傳輸模式來記錄X-射線粉末繞射圖。
表:獲自實例11之共結晶體及各共結晶體形成劑(ccf)之4個最高特性X-射線粉末繞射峰
表:實例11之鹽之4個最高特性X-射線粉末繞射峰
於另一態樣中,本發明可用以評價G蛋白偶合受體之推定的特異性促效劑或拮抗劑。本發明係關於以該等化合物於製備並執行調節趨化細胞素受體活性之化合物之篩選試驗上之用途。此外,本發明之該等化合物係用於建立或確定其他化合物與趨化細胞素受體之結合部位,例如藉由競爭性抑制或作為試驗參照以比較其已知活性與具有未知活性的化合物。在開發新穎試驗或方案時,根據本發明之化合物可用以測試彼等有效性。
明確言之,該等化合物以商業用套組形式提供,例如用於涉及前述疾病之醫藥研究中。本發明之該等化合物亦用於評價趨向細胞素受體之推定的特異性調節劑。此外,可利用本發明之化合物來檢測認為不是趨化細胞素受體之G蛋白偶合受體之特異性,藉由充作未結合的化合物實例或充作對此等受體具活性且幫助界定相互作用的特異性位點之化合物的結構變體。
CCR3受體結合測試係基於經人類趨化細胞素受體CCR3(hCCR3-C1細胞)轉染之K562細胞系(白血病骨髓性母細胞)。藉由氮分解分裂hCCR3-C1細胞來製得細胞膜。製劑於4℃以400 g離心30 min。上清液轉移入新管中,接著於4℃以48000 g進行第二次離心歷時1 h。該等膜再懸浮於不含牛血清白蛋白之SPA培育緩衝液(25 mM HEPES、25 mM MgCl2 6×H2O、1 mM CaCl2 2×H2O)中且藉由通過一次使用性針(Terumo,23G×1")進行均質化。將該等膜等分儲存於-80℃。
CCR3受體結合試驗係利用放射性配位子重組人類125碘-嗜酸性粒細胞趨化因子-1以閃爍親近檢定(SPA)設計進行。hCCR3 C1細胞之細胞膜藉由通過一次使用性針(Terumo,23G×1")再均質化且於96孔微量滴定板(1450-514,Perkin Elmer)中以適宜濃度(0.5-10 μg蛋白/孔)進行SPA培育緩衝液稀釋。於200 μl之最終體積及25 mM HEPES、25 mM MgCl2 6×H2O、1 mM CaCl2 2×H2O及0.1%牛血清白蛋白之最終濃度之SPA培育緩衝液中建立SPA試驗。該SPA試驗混合物包含60 μl之膜懸浮液、80 μl經麥胚凝集素塗覆之PVT珠粒(有機閃爍體,GE Healthcare,RPNQ-0001,0.2 mg/孔)、40 μl之重組人類125碘-嗜酸性粒細胞趨化因子-1(Biotrend)(於SPA緩衝液中稀釋達30.000 dpm/孔之最終濃度)、及20 μl之測試化合物(溶於DMSO稀釋液中)。SPA試驗混合物於室溫培育2 h。利用閃爍計數器(Micro Beta "Trilux",Wallac)測定結合放射活性。包括藉由添加未標示之重組人類嗜酸性粒細胞趨化因子-1(Biotrend,Cat #300-21)或參照化合物用於總體結合(未添加置換體,Bo)及非特異性結合(NSB)之對照。
測試化合物親和力之測定係由總體結合(Bo)或既定化合物濃度之測試化合物(B)存在下之結合減去非特異性結合(NSB)計算。NSB值設為100%抑制。Bo-NSB值設為0%抑制。
採用基於質量作用定律之程式「easy sys」(Schittkow-ski,Num Math 68,129-142(1994))藉由迭代擬合0.1至10000 nM之劑量範圍內之幾種化合物濃度獲得之實驗數據計算離解常數Ki。
根據本發明之化合物作為趨化細胞素受體活性抑制劑之效用可藉由該技術中已知之方法證實,諸如CCR3配位體結合之試驗,如Ponath等人,J. Exp. Med.,183,2437-2448(1996)及Uguccioni等人,J. Clin. Invest.,100,11371143(1997)所揭示。用於表現所關注受體之細胞系包括天然表現趨化細胞素受體者(諸如EOL-3或THP-1)、藉由添加化學或蛋白劑誘發表現趨化細胞素受體者(諸如經例如有介白素-5存在之丁酸處理之HL-60或AML14.3D10細胞)、或經工程化表現重組趨化細胞素受體之細胞(諸如L1.2、K562、CHO或HEK-293細胞)。最終,於該等試驗中,可利用採用Hansel等人,J. Immunol. Methods,145,105-110(1991)所描述之方法分離得到之血液或組織細胞,例如,人類周邊血液嗜酸性粒細胞。特定言之,本發明之該等化合物於前述試驗中對CCR3受體具結合活性且抑制CCR3配位體(包括嗜酸性粒細胞趨化因子-1、嗜酸性粒細胞趨化因子-2、嗜酸性粒細胞趨化因子-3、MCP-2、MCP-3、MCP-4或RANTES)活化CCR3。
文中所用之「活性」意指化合物於前述試驗中測定時展現1 μM下之50%抑制或更高。此結果表示化合物作為CCR3受體活性抑制劑之固有活性。
Ki值為下列(人類嗜酸性粒細胞趨化因子-1,人類CCR3受體):
以上所述之式1化合物之共結晶體及鹽可用於製造用於預防及/或治療涉及CCR-3受體活性之疾病之藥物。
較佳係製造用於預防及/或治療多種發炎、感染性及免疫調節性病症及呼吸或胃腸疾患之疾病、關節之發炎疾病及鼻咽、眼及皮膚之過敏性疾病,包括哮喘及過敏性疾病,嗜伊紅性疾病,病原微生物(根據定義包括病毒)感染,以及自體免疫病理,諸如類風濕性關節炎及動脈粥樣硬化,以及與異常增強之新血管生成相關之疾病,諸如年齡相關之黃斑變性(AMD),糖尿病性視網膜病及糖尿病性黃斑水腫之藥物。年齡相關之黃斑變性為全球盲症之一個主要原因。AMD之大多數盲症係起因於脈絡膜新血管生成入侵視網膜。CCR3特定地表現於AMD患者之脈絡膜新生血管內皮細胞中。於AMD之常用小鼠動物模型中,雷射損傷誘發之脈絡膜新血管生成係由CCR3或CCR3配位體之基因缺失(genetic depletion)以及以抗-CCR3抗體或CCR3拮抗劑治療小鼠而減少(Takeda等人,Nature 2009,460(7252): 225-30)。
最佳係製造用於預防及/或治療以下之藥物:例如,發炎或過敏性疾病及病況,包括呼吸過敏性疾病,諸如哮喘、常年性及季節性過敏性鼻炎、過敏性結膜炎、過敏性肺病、過敏性肺炎、嗜伊紅性蜂窩組織炎(例如韋耳氏(Well's)症候群)、嗜伊紅性肺炎(例如呂弗勒氏(Loeffler's)症候群、慢性嗜伊紅性肺炎)、嗜伊紅性筋膜炎(例如舒曼氏(Shulman's)症候群)、遲發型過敏、間質性肺病(ILD)(例如,特發性肺纖維化,或與類風濕性關節炎、全身性紅斑狼瘡、僵直性脊椎炎、全身性硬化、修格蘭氏(Sjogren's)症候群、多肌炎或皮肌炎相關之ILD);非過敏性哮喘;運動誘發性支氣管收縮;全身過敏或過敏反應、(例如青黴素、頭孢菌素類)藥物過敏、因攝取污染色胺酸而引起之嗜伊紅血球增多-肌痛症症候群、昆蟲咬傷過敏;自體免疫疾病,諸如類風濕性關節炎、銀屑病關節炎、多發性硬化、全身性紅斑狼瘡、重症肌無力症、免疫性血小板減少症(成人ITP、新生兒血小板減少症、兒科ITP)、免疫溶血性貧血(自體免疫性及藥物誘發型)、伊文氏(Evans)症候群(血小板及紅血球免疫性細胞減少症)、新生兒之Rh疾病、古德巴斯德氏(Goodpasture's)症候群(抗GBM病)、乳糜瀉、自體免疫心肌病幼年發病型糖尿病;腎小球腎炎、自體免疫甲狀腺炎、貝切特氏(Behcet's)病;移植排斥(例如於移植中),包括同種異體移植排斥或移植物抗宿主病;發炎性腸疾,諸如克羅恩氏(Crohn's)病及潰瘍性結腸炎;脊椎關節病;硬皮病;銀屑病(包括T細胞介導之銀屑病)及諸如皮炎、濕疹、特應性皮膚炎、過敏性接觸性皮炎、風疹之炎症性皮膚病;血管炎(例如,壞死、皮膚、及過敏性血管炎);結節性紅斑;嗜伊紅性肌炎、嗜伊紅性筋膜炎;皮膚或器官之白細胞浸潤性癌症;慢性阻塞性肺部疾病、年齡相關之黃斑變性(AMD)、糖尿病性視網膜病及糖尿病性黃斑水腫。
因此,本發明係關於上述式1化合物之共結晶體及鹽,其用於預防及/或治療多種炎症、感染性及免疫調節性病症及疾病,包括哮喘及過敏性疾病、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病、病原微生物(根據定義,包括病毒)感染、諸如類風濕性關節炎及動脈粥樣硬化之自體免疫病理,以及年齡相關之黃斑變性(AMD)、糖尿病性視網膜病及糖尿病性黃斑水腫。
例如,可投與抑制哺乳動物趨化細胞素受體(例如,人類趨化細胞素受體)之一或多種功能之本發明化合物之共結晶體或鹽以抑制(即,減少或預防)炎症、感染性疾病或異常增強之新血管生成。結果,一或多種炎症性過程(諸如白細胞游出、黏附、細胞趨化性、(例如酶、生長因子、組胺)胞吐作用或CCR3表現細胞之炎症介體釋放、存活或增生)受到抑制。例如,可根據本發明方法抑制炎症性部位之嗜伊紅性浸潤(例如哮喘或過敏性鼻炎)。特定言之,以下實例之共結晶體或鹽在前述試驗中利用適宜趨化細胞素具有阻斷表現CCR3受體之細胞之活化及遷移之活性。於另一實例中,可抑制(即,減少或預防)內皮增生及新血管生成。結果,(即,視網膜)異常增強之新血管生成受到抑制。
除了靈長類動物之外,可根據本發明方法治療諸如人類之多種其他哺乳動物。例如,可治療包括(但不限於)牛、羊、山羊、馬、狗、貓、天竺鼠、大鼠或其他牛類、羊類、馬類、犬科、貓科、齲齒動物或鼠科物種之哺乳動物。然而,該方法亦可實施於諸如鳥類物種之其他物種。以上方法中所治療之主體為趨化細胞素受體活性希望受到抑制之哺乳動物(雄性或雌性)。
可以趨化細胞素受體功能之抑制劑治療之人類或其他物種之疾病或病況包括(但不限於):炎症或過敏性疾病及病況,包括諸如哮喘之呼吸過敏性疾病、過敏性鼻炎、過敏性肺病、過敏性肺炎、嗜伊紅性蜂窩性組織炎(例如,Well症候群)、嗜伊紅性肺炎(例如Loeffler症候群、慢性嗜伊紅性肺炎)、嗜伊紅性筋膜炎(例如,Shulman症候群)、遲發型過敏、間質性肺病(ILD)(例如,特發性肺纖維化或與類風濕性關節炎、全身性紅斑狼瘡、僵直性脊椎炎、全身性硬化、Sjogren症候群、多肌炎或皮肌炎相關之ILD);慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(包括鼻病毒誘發之惡化);全身過敏或過敏反應、(例如,青黴素、頭孢菌素類)藥物過敏、因攝取污染色胺酸而引起之嗜伊紅血球增多-肌痛症症候群、昆蟲咬傷過敏;自體免疫疾病,諸如類風濕性關節炎、銀屑病關節炎、多發性硬化、全身性紅斑狼瘡、重症肌無力症、幼年發病型糖尿病;腎小球腎炎、自體免疫甲狀腺炎、貝切特氏(Behcet)病;移植排斥(例如,於移植中),包括同種異體移植排斥或移植物抗宿主病;炎症性腸疾,諸如克羅恩氏(Crohn)病及潰瘍性結腸炎;脊椎關節病;硬皮病;銀屑病(包括T細胞介導之銀屑病)及諸如皮炎、濕疹、特應性皮膚炎、過敏性接觸性皮炎、風疹之炎症性皮膚病;血管炎(例如,壞死、皮膚、及過敏性血管炎);嗜伊紅性肌炎、嗜伊紅性筋膜炎;皮膚或器官之白細胞浸潤性癌症。可治療非所需的炎症反應受到抑制之其他疾病或病況,包括(但不限於)再灌注損傷、動脈粥樣硬化、特定之惡性腫瘤、細胞激素誘發性毒性(例如,敗血性休克、內毒素性休克)、多肌炎、皮肌炎。可以趨化細胞素受體功能之抑制劑治療之人類或其他物種之感染性疾病或病況包括(但不限於)HIV。
亦可治療與異常增強之新血管生成相關之疾病,諸如年齡相關之黃斑變性(AMD)、糖尿病性視網膜病及糖尿病性黃斑水腫。
於另一態樣中,本發明可用以評價G蛋白偶合受體之推定的特異性促效劑或拮抗劑。本發明係關於以該等化合物於製備並執行調節趨化細胞素受體活性之化合物之篩選試驗上之用途。此外,本發明之該等化合物係用於建立或確定其他化合物與趨化細胞素受體之結合部位,例如藉由競爭性抑制或作為試驗參照以比較其已知活性與具有未知活性的化合物。在開發新穎試驗或方案時,根據本發明之化合物可用以測試彼等有效性。
明確言之,該等化合物以商業用套組形式提供,例如用於涉及前述疾病之醫藥研究中。本發明之該等化合物亦用於評價趨向細胞素受體之推定的特異性調節劑。此外,可利用本發明之化合物來檢測認為不是趨化細胞素受體之G蛋白偶合受體之特異性,藉由充作未結合的化合物實例或充作對此等受體具活性且幫助界定相互作用的特異性位點之化合物的結構變體。
上述式1化合物之共結晶體及鹽可以單獨形式或與根據本發明之式1之其他活性物質組合之形式加以使用。通式1之化合物亦可視需要與其他醫藥活性物質組合。彼等包括β2-腎上腺素受體促效劑(短效及長效)、抗膽鹼能藥(短效及長效)、抗炎症類固醇(口服及局部腎上腺皮質類固醇)、色甘酸鈉、甲基黃嘌呤、解離糖皮質激素擬似劑、PDE3抑制劑、PDE4抑制劑、PDE7抑制劑、LTD4拮抗劑、EGFR抑制劑、多巴胺促效劑、PAF拮抗劑、脂氧素A4衍生物、FPRL1調節劑、LTB4受體(BLT1、BLT2)拮抗劑、組胺H1受體拮抗劑、組胺H4受體拮抗劑、雙組胺H1/H3受體拮抗劑、PI3激酶抑制劑、諸如LYN、LCK、SYK、ZAP-70、FYN、BTK或ITK之非受體酪胺酸激酶之抑制劑、諸如p38、ERK1、ERK2、JNK1、JNK2、JNK3或SAP之MAP激酶之抑制劑、諸如IKK2激酶抑制劑之NF-κB訊號路徑之抑制劑、iNOS抑制劑、MRP4抑制劑、諸如5-脂氧化酶(5-LO)抑制劑之白三烯素生物合成抑制劑、cPLA2抑制劑、白三烯素A4水解酶抑制劑或FLAP抑制劑、非類固醇抗炎藥(NSAID)、CRTH2拮抗劑、DP1受體調節劑、血栓烷受體拮抗劑、CCR3拮抗劑、CCR4拮抗劑、CCR1拮抗劑、CCR5拮抗劑、CCR6拮抗劑、CCR7拮抗劑、CCR8拮抗劑、CCR9拮抗劑、CCR30拮抗劑、CXCR3拮抗劑、CXCR4拮抗劑、CXCR2拮抗劑、CXCR1拮抗劑、CXCR5拮抗劑、CXCR6拮抗劑、CX3CR3拮抗劑、神經激肽(NK1,NK2)拮抗劑、神經鞘氨醇-1-磷酸鹽受體調節劑、神經鞘氨醇-1-磷酸鹽裂解酶抑制劑、諸如A2a-促效劑之腺苷受體調節劑、諸如P2X7抑制劑之嘌呤型受體之調節劑、組蛋白脫乙醯酶(HDAC)活化劑、緩激肽(BK1、BK2)拮抗劑、TACE抑制劑、PPAR-γ調節劑、Rho激酶抑制劑、介白素1-β轉化酶(ICE)抑制劑、類Toll受體(TLR)調節劑、HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑、VLA-4拮抗劑、ICAM-1抑制劑、SHIP促效劑、GABAa受體拮抗劑、ENaC抑制劑、黑素皮質素受體(MC1R、MC2R、MC3R、MC4R、MC5R)調節劑、CGRP拮抗劑、內皮素拮抗劑、TNFα拮抗劑、抗TNF抗體、抗GM-CSF抗體、抗CD46抗體、抗IL-1抗體、抗IL-2抗體、抗IL-4抗體、抗IL-5抗體、抗IL-13抗體、抗IL-4/IL-13抗體、抗TSLP抗體、抗OX40抗體、黏液調節劑、免疫治療劑、抗氣管腫大化合物、抗咳嗽化合物、VEGF抑制劑,以及兩種或三種活性物質之組合。
較佳為β擬似劑、抗膽鹼能藥、腎上腺皮質類固醇、PDE4抑制劑、LTD4拮抗劑、EGFR抑制劑、CRTH2抑制劑、5-LO-抑制劑、組胺受體拮抗劑及SYK抑制劑,以及兩種或三種活性物質之組合,即:
●β擬似劑與腎上腺皮質類固醇、PDE4抑制劑、CRTH2抑制劑或LTD4拮抗劑,
●抗膽鹼能藥與β擬似劑、腎上腺皮質類固醇、PDE4抑制劑、CRTH2抑制劑或LTD4拮抗劑,
●腎上腺皮質類固醇與PDE4抑制劑、CRTH2抑制劑或LTD4拮抗劑
●PDE4抑制劑與CRTH2抑制劑或LTD4拮抗劑
●CRTH2抑制劑與LTD4拮抗劑。
用於投與式1化合物之共結晶體或鹽之適宜製劑包括(例如)錠劑、膠囊、栓劑、溶液及粉末等。該(等)醫藥活性化合物之含量應介於總體組合物之0.05至90重量%,較佳0.1至50重量%範圍內。適宜錠劑可例如藉由將該(等)活性物質與例如以下之已知賦形劑混合獲得:惰性稀釋劑(諸如碳酸鈣、磷酸鈣或乳糖)、崩散劑(諸如玉米澱粉或藻酸)、黏結劑(諸如澱粉或明膠)、潤滑劑(諸如硬脂酸鎂或滑石)及/或延遲釋放用製劑(諸如羧甲基纖維素、酞酸醋酸纖維素或聚乙酸乙烯酯)。該等錠劑亦可包括若干層。
因此,包衣錠劑可藉由對類似於錠劑製得之核塗覆通常用於錠劑包衣之物質(例如可力酮(collidone)或蟲膠、阿拉伯膠、滑石、二氧化鈦或糖)而製得。為了實現延遲釋放或防止不相容性,該核亦可由多層組成。類似地,該錠劑包衣可由多層組成以實現延遲釋放,可使用以上針對錠劑所提及的賦形劑。
包含糖漿或酏劑之根據本發明之活性物質或其組合可額外包含增甜劑(諸如糖精、塞克拉美(cyclamate)、甘油或糖)及香味增強劑(例如,諸如香草醛或橙提取物之香料)。亦可包含懸浮佐劑或增稠劑(諸如羧甲基纖維素鈉)、潤濕劑(諸如例如脂肪醇與環氧乙烷之縮合產物)或防腐劑(諸如對羥基苯甲酸酯)。
溶液係以習知方式製得,例如,添加等滲劑、防腐劑(諸如對羥基苯甲酸酯)或穩定劑(諸如乙二胺四乙酸之鹼金屬鹽),視情況,使用乳化劑及/或分散劑,然若使用水作為稀釋劑,例如,可視情況使用有機溶劑作為增溶劑或溶解助劑,可將溶液轉移至注射瓶或安瓿或輸注瓶內。
包含一或多種活性物質或活性物質之組合之膠囊可例如藉由使該等活性物質與惰性載劑(諸如乳糖或山梨糖醇)混合且將彼等封裝於膠囊中製得。
適宜栓劑可例如藉由與針對該目的而提供之載劑(諸如中性脂肪或聚乙二醇或其衍生物)混合而製得。
可使用之賦形劑包括:例如,水、諸如石蠟(例如石油餾份)之醫藥可接受有機溶劑、植物油(例如花生油或芝麻油)、單-或多官能醇(例如乙醇或甘油)、載劑,諸如,例如天然礦物粉(例如高嶺土、黏土、滑石、白堊)、合成礦物粉(例如高分散性矽酸及矽酸鹽)、糖(例如蔗糖、乳糖及葡萄糖)、乳化劑(例如木質素、亞硫酸鹽廢液、甲基纖維素、澱粉及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)及潤滑劑(例如硬脂酸鎂、滑石、硬脂酸及月桂基硫酸鈉)。
口服錠劑除指定載劑外,明顯包含添加劑(諸如檸檬酸鈉、碳酸鈣及磷酸二鈣)及多種其他物質(諸如澱粉,較佳馬鈴薯澱粉、明膠及類似物)。諸如硬脂酸鎂、月桂基硫酸鈉及滑石之潤滑劑亦可用以製造錠劑。就水性懸浮液而言,該等活性物質可與除了上述賦形劑外之多種香味增強劑或著色劑組合。
就投與式1化合物之共結晶體或鹽而言,根據本發明尤佳係使用適於吸入之製劑或醫藥調配物。可吸入製劑包括可吸入粉末、含推進劑之定劑量氣霧劑或不含推進劑之可吸入溶液。於本發明之範圍內,術語不含推進劑之可吸入溶液亦包括備用濃縮物或無菌可吸入溶液。可於本發明範圍內使用之調配物更詳細地述於本說明書之下面部分中。
可根據本發明使用之可吸入粉末可包含以單獨形式或與適宜生理可接受賦形劑之混合物形式之1之共結晶體或鹽。
若活性物質1係以與生理可接受賦形劑之混合物形式存在,則以下生理可接受賦形劑可用以製備根據本發明之該等可吸入粉末:單醣類(例如葡萄糖或阿拉伯糖)、二醣類(例如乳糖、蔗糖、麥芽糖)、寡-及多醣類(例如葡聚糖)、多元醇(例如山梨糖醇、甘露醇、木糖醇)、鹽(例如,氯化鈉、碳酸鈣)或該等賦形劑之混合物。較佳地,使用單-或二醣類,然較佳使用特定言之(然非純粹地)呈其水合物形式之乳糖或葡萄糖。為達本發明之目的,乳糖為特佳之賦形劑,然而,乳糖單水合物為最佳。
於根據本發明之可吸入粉末之範圍內,該等賦形劑具有多達250 μm之最大平均粒徑,較佳介於10與150 μm之間,最佳介於15與80 μm之間。有時宜將具有1至9 μm之平均粒徑之較細賦形劑部分添加至上述賦形劑中。該等較細賦形劑亦選自由列於上文中之可能賦形劑組成之群。最終,為了製得根據本發明之可吸入粉末,將較佳具有0.5至10 μm,更佳1至5 μm之平均粒徑之微粒化活性物質1添加至賦形劑混合物中。自先前技術可知藉由研磨及微粒化且最終將成分混合在一起製得根據本發明之可吸入粉末之方法。
可使用先前技術悉知之吸入器投與根據本發明之可吸入粉末。
根據本發明之含推進劑氣體之吸入氣霧劑可包含溶於該推進劑氣體中或呈分散形式之1之共結晶體及鹽。1之共結晶體或/及鹽可包含於不同調配物或共同調配物中,其中1之該等共結晶體或鹽係皆溶解、皆分散或於各種情況下僅一種組分溶解及另一者分散。自先前技術悉知可用以製備吸入氣霧劑之推進劑氣體。適宜之推進劑氣體係選自烴(諸如正丙烷、正丁烷或異丁烷)及鹵代烴(諸如甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、環丙烷或環丁烷之氟化衍生物)。上述推進劑氣體可以單獨形式或以混合形式使用。尤佳之推進劑氣體為選自TG134a及TG227及其混合物之鹵化烷烴衍生物。
推進劑驅動吸入氣霧劑亦可包含其他成分,諸如共溶劑、穩定劑、表面活性劑、抗氧化劑、潤滑劑及pH調節劑。所有該等組分於技術中悉知。
可使用技術中悉知之吸入器(MDI=定劑量吸入器)投與以上所述之根據本發明之推進劑驅動吸入氣霧劑。
此外,根據本發明之活性物質1可以不含推進劑之吸入溶液及懸浮液形式投與。所使用之溶劑可為水或醇溶液,較佳為乙醇溶液。該溶劑可單獨為水或為水與乙醇之混合物。未限制乙醇相較於水之相對比例,然最大值較佳為至多70體積%,更佳為至多60體積%及最佳為至多30體積%。剩餘體積係由水組成。使用適宜酸調節包含1之共結晶體或鹽之溶液或懸浮液至2至7(較佳2至5)之pH。可使用選自無機或有機酸之酸調節pH。特別適宜之無機酸之實例包括鹽酸、氫溴酸、硝酸、硫酸及/或磷酸。特別適宜之有機酸之實例包括抗壞血酸、檸檬酸、蘋果酸、酒石酸、馬來酸、琥珀酸、富馬酸、乙酸、甲酸及/或丙酸等。較佳之無機酸為鹽酸及硫酸。亦可使用與活性物質中之一者形成酸加成鹽之酸。較佳有機酸為抗壞血酸、富馬酸及檸檬酸。若需要,可使用上述酸之混合物,尤其就具有除酸化性質外之其他性質之酸而言,例如作為香料、抗氧化劑或錯合劑,諸如檸檬酸或抗壞血酸。根據本發明,尤佳使用鹽酸來調節pH。
若需要,該等調配物可不添加作為穩定劑或錯合劑之乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)或其已知鹽中之一者(乙二胺四乙酸鈉)。其他實施例可包含該化合物或該等化合物。於一較佳實施例中,以乙二胺四乙酸鈉計之含量係小於100 mg/100 ml,較佳小於50 mg/100 ml,更佳小於20 mg/100 ml。一般,乙二胺四乙酸鈉含量為0至10 mg/100 ml之可吸入溶液為較佳。可將共溶劑及/或其他賦形劑添加至不含推進劑之可吸入溶液中。較佳之共溶劑為包含羥基或其他極性基團之彼等,例如,醇-特定言之異丙醇,二醇-特定言之係丙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、乙二醇醚、甘油、聚氧伸乙基醇及聚氧伸乙基脂肪酸酯。本發明中之術語賦形劑及添加劑表示非活性物質然可與活性物質於生理上之適宜溶劑中調配以改良活性物質調配物之定性性質之任何醫藥可接受物質。較佳地,該等物質不具有藥理效應或結合所需療法無可評估或至少無令人不悅之藥理效應。該等賦形劑及添加劑包括:例如,表面活性劑(諸如大豆卵磷脂)、油酸、山梨醇酐酯(諸如聚山梨醇酯)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、其他穩定劑、錯合劑、保證或延長成品醫藥調配物儲藏期限之抗氧化劑及/或防腐劑、香料、維生素及/或技術中悉知之其他添加劑。該等添加劑亦包括諸如氯化鈉之醫藥可接受鹽作為等滲劑。
較佳之賦形劑包括抗氧化劑,諸如抗壞血酸,只要未用以調節pH、維生素A、維生素E、生育酚及類似維生素及人體中生成之維生素原。
防腐劑可用以保護調配物免遭病原體污染。適宜防腐劑為技術中悉知之彼等,特定言之先前技術所悉知濃度之氯化十六烷基吡啶鎓、氯化苄二甲烴銨或苯甲酸或苯甲酸鹽(諸如苯甲酸鈉)。以上所述之該等防腐劑較佳係以至多50 mg/100 ml,更佳5至20 mg/100 ml之濃度存在。
除了溶劑水及1之共結晶體或鹽之外,較佳之調配物僅包含氯化苄二甲烴銨及乙二胺四乙酸鈉。於另一較佳實施例中,不存有乙二胺四乙酸鈉。
根據本發明之化合物劑量當然高度地取決於投與方法及所治療之疾患。當吸入投與時,式1之化合物效能高,即使μg範圍內之劑量。式1之化合物之共結晶體或鹽超出μg範圍亦可有效使用。例如,劑量可於g範圍內。
於另一態樣中,本發明係關於特徵在於包含式1之化合物之共結晶體或鹽之上述醫藥調配物,特定言之可吸入投與之上述醫藥調配物。
調配物之以下實例例示本發明而並不限制其範圍:醫藥調配物之實例
將細粉狀活性物質、乳糖及一些玉米澱粉混合在一起。使該混合物過篩,然後,利用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液潤濕,捏合,濕式粒化繼而乾燥。使顆粒、剩餘玉米澱粉及硬脂酸鎂過篩並混合在一起。將該混合物壓製成具有適宜形狀及尺寸之錠劑。
將細粉狀活性物質、一些玉米澱粉、乳糖、微晶纖維素及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮混合在一起,使該混合物過篩且藉由剩餘玉米澱粉及水處理形成顆粒,乾燥並過篩。添加羧甲基澱粉鈉及硬脂酸鎂且混合,然後,將該混合物壓製成具有適宜尺寸之錠劑。
將活性物質溶於自身pH或視情況於pH 5.5至6.5下之水中且添加氯化鈉以使溶液具等滲性。過濾所得溶液以移除熱源且於無菌條件下將濾液轉移至安瓿中,然後,進行消毒並熱密封。安瓿包含5 mg、25 mg及50 mg之活性物質。
將懸浮液轉移至具有計量閥之習知氣霧劑容器中。較佳地,每次致動時釋放50 μl懸浮液。若需要,亦可釋放更高劑量(例如,0.02重量%)之活性物質。
該溶液可以習知方式製得。
該可吸入粉末係以習知方式藉由混合單獨成分製得。
Claims (20)
- 一種式1之化合物與共結晶體形成劑之共結晶體,
- 如請求項1之式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a為H、C1-6-烷基、C1-6-烯基、C1-6-炔基、C3-6-環烷基、O-C1-6-烷基、CONR2a.1R2a.2;R2a.1為H、C1-6-烷基、C1-6-鹵烷基;R2a.2為H、C1-6-烷基;R2b為H、C1-6-烷基、C1-6-烯基、C1-6-炔基、C3-6-環烷基、COO-C1-6-烷基、O-C1-6-烷基、CONR2b.1R2b.2、鹵素;R2b.1為H、C1-6-烷基、C0-4-烷基-C3-6-環烷基、C1-6-鹵烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-6-烷基;或R2b.1與R2b.2一起為C3-6-伸烷基,與氮原子形成雜環,其中視情況一個碳原子或該環經氧原子置換。
- 如請求項1或2之式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R1 為C1-6-烷基、C1-6-鹵烷基、O-C1-6-鹵烷基、鹵素;m 為1或2;R2a為H、C1-4-烷基;R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C1-4-烷基、C0-4-烷基-C3-6-環烷基、C1-4-鹵烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-4-烷基;或R2b.1與R2b.2一起為C3-6-伸烷基,與氮原子形成雜環,其中視情況一個碳原子或該環經氧原子置換R3 為H、C1-6-烷基;X 為選自由氯離子或二苯甲醯基酒石酸根組成之群之陰離子j 為1或2。
- 如請求項1或2之式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a為H、C1-4-烷基;R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C1-4-烷基;R2b.2為C1-4-烷基。
- 如請求項1或2之式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a為H、C1-4-烷基;R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C0-4-烷基-C3-6-環烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-4-烷基。
- 如請求項1或2之式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R2a為H、C1-4-烷基;R2b為H、CONR2b.1R2b.2;R2b.1為C1-4-鹵烷基;R2b.2為H、C1-4-烷基。
- 如請求項1或2之式1化合物之共結晶體,其中R2b.1與R2b.2一起為C3-6-伸烷基,與氮原子形成雜環,其中視情況一個碳原子或該環經氧原子置換。
- 如請求項1或2之式1化合物之共結晶體,其中該共結晶體形成劑係選自由抗壞血酸、黏酸、雙羥萘酸、丁二醯胺、菸鹼酸、菸鹼醯胺、異菸鹼醯胺、L-離胺酸、L-脯胺酸、或其水合物或鹽酸鹽組成之群。
- 一種式1化合物之鹽,
- 一種式1化合物之鹽,其中R1、m、R2a、R2b、R3係如請求項1至8中任一項中所定義及X 為選自由氯離子或二苯甲醯基酒石酸根組成之群之陰離子,j 為1或2。
- 如請求項9或10之鹽,其係用於製造如請求項1至8中任一項之共結晶體。
- 一種式I12之化合物,其係用於製造如請求項1至11中任一項之式1之共結晶體或鹽
- 一種式I13之化合物,其係用於製造如請求項1至11中任一項之式1之共結晶體或鹽
- 一種式I14之化合物,其係用於製造如請求項1至11中任一項之式1之共結晶體或鹽
- 一種式I3'-Me之化合物,其係用於製造如請求項1至11中任一項之式1之共結晶體或鹽
- 一種式I4'之化合物,其係用於製造如請求項1至11中任一項之式1之共結晶體或鹽
- 一種式A'之化合物,其係用於製造如請求項1至11中任一項之式1之共結晶體或鹽
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含至少一種如請求項1至14中任一項之式1化合物之共結晶體或鹽及醫藥可接受載劑。
- 如請求項1或2之式1化合物之共結晶體或鹽,其係作為藥物。
- 一種如請求項1至10中任一項之式1化合物之共結晶體或鹽之用途,其係用於製造用於預防或治療多種發炎、感染性及免疫調節性病症及疾病,包括哮喘及過敏性疾病、慢性阻塞性肺病、病原微生物(包括病毒)之感染、自體免疫病理(諸如類風濕性關節炎及動脈粥樣硬化)以及年齡相關之黃斑變性(AMD)、糖尿病性視網膜病及糖尿病性黃斑水腫之藥劑。
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