SK264390A3 - Device for electrokinetic removal of salt from masonry - Google Patents
Device for electrokinetic removal of salt from masonry Download PDFInfo
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- SK264390A3 SK264390A3 SK2643-90A SK264390A SK264390A3 SK 264390 A3 SK264390 A3 SK 264390A3 SK 264390 A SK264390 A SK 264390A SK 264390 A3 SK264390 A3 SK 264390A3
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920006302 stretch film Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- RGJOEKWQDUBAIZ-IBOSZNHHSA-N CoASH Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(N)=C2N=C1 RGJOEKWQDUBAIZ-IBOSZNHHSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002871 Tectona grandis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013580 sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
- E04B1/7007—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by using electricity, e.g. electro-osmosis
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Insulators (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Vynález se týká zarízení k elektrokinetickému odstranéní solí ze zdiva. Zarízení je tvofeno alespon jednou kladnou elektródou, uloženou na zdivu nebo v ve zdivu v porézním pufru s obsahem vody a z alespon jedná negatívni elektródy pod stejnosmžrným napétím a vynález se rovnéž týká anodového zafízení pro použití svrchu uvedeného zarízení. Princíp elektrokinetického d?lení iontô v električkám poli podie jejich náboje pod vlivem stejnosmčrného napétí je znám a je v techničkám méíítku využíván napríklad k získání solí z morské vody. Zpúsob odstranování solí ze zdiva na základ? elektrokinetického účinku je rovnéž znám a využíván.The invention relates to an apparatus for the electrokinetic removal of salts from a masonry. The device comprises at least one positive electrode placed on or in the masonry in a porous buffer containing water and at least acts as a negative electrode under direct voltage, and the invention also relates to an anode device for using the above device. The principle of electrokinetic separation of ions in electric field trams according to their charge under the influence of DC voltage is known and is used in the scale technique for example to obtain salts from sea water. How to remove salts from masonry on a foundation? the electrokinetic effect is also known and utilized.
Nejčastčji se vyskytující nežádoucí soli ve zdivu jsou sírany, chloridy a dusičnany. Pôvod téchto solí je velmi rôzný, napríkladThe most common undesirable salts in the masonry are sulphates, chlorides and nitrates. The origin of these salts varies widely, for example
- zestavebního materiálu, který je vyrábén včtšinou z prírodní ch surovin,- construction material which is mostly made of natural raw materials,
- z hnojív z okolní pôdy, které se do zdiva dostávají kapilárním transpottem,- fertilizers from the surrounding soil which enter the masonry by a capillary transpott,
- ze solí, použitých napríklad k sypání chodníku a cest asalts used, for example, to pour pavements and paths, and
- z atmosféry, napríklad p?i kyselýc’n deätích.- from the atmosphere, for example in acidic children.
Soli ve zdivu jsou vétäinou hygroskopické a pŕijímají tedy v závislosti na relatívni vlhkosti vodu ze vzduchu. Toto zvýšení objemu krystalkd solí vyvolává veliká tlaky, které mohou postupné rozruäovat stavební materiál.The salts in the masonry are mostly hygroscopic and therefore receive water from the air, depending on the relative humidity. This increase in the volume of salt crystals causes high pressures which can gradually destroy the building material.
Uvedené soli mimoto rozrušují ocel v betónu a pŕedpínací ocel v dôsledku koroze.In addition, said salts disrupt steel in concrete and prestressing steel due to corrosion.
Sušení elektrofýzikálními postupy na princípu elektroosmózy v porézním zdivu môže být funkční pouze v tom prípadé, že se mezi zdivem a elektrolytem vytváŕí dostatečný potenciál Zeta. P?i vysoké koncentraci rozpustných solí ke vzniku tohoto potenciálu nedochází a sušení elektroosmózou je nemožné. Je proto zapotŕebí pred použitím elektroosmózy zbavit zdivo solí.Drying by electrophysical techniques based on the principle of electroosmosis in porous masonry can only work if there is sufficient Zeta potential between the masonry and the electrolyte. At a high concentration of soluble salts, this potential does not occur and drying by electroosmosis is impossible. It is therefore necessary to free the masonry from salts before using electroosmosis.
Podstata odstranování solí ze zdiva spočívá ve využití elektrokinetického délení na bazi odlišného náboje.The essence of removing salts from the masonry is to use electrokinetic lengths based on different charges.
Pri vložení stejnosmérného napétí postupují z elektrolytu ionty s rôzným napétím v električkám poli k odpovídájícím elektrodám a hromadí se na téchto elektrodách a v jejich okolí. Anionty, které jsou negativné nabité putují k anodé a kladné nabité kationty putují ke katodé. Je pak možno vysoké koncentrace antiontô prôbéžné odstranovat z okolí anódy ze zdiva. Rychlost putování iontô závisí na jejich povaze, velikosti a na zevních podmínkách, jako tlaku, teploté, koncentraci a pod.When a DC voltage is applied, ions of different voltages in the trams move from the electrolyte to the corresponding electrodes and accumulate on and around the electrodes. Anions that are negatively charged travel to the anode and positive charged cations travel to the cathode. High concentrations of antionics can then be removed from the surrounding anode from the masonry. The speed of ion travel depends on their nature, size, and external conditions such as pressure, temperature, concentration, and the like.
Dôležitým faktorom je také použité rozpouštédlo. Pro nékteré ionty bude dále uvedená rychlost putování:An important factor is also the solvent used. For some ions the following will be the traveling speed:
pomalejäí, avSak ješťá dosťaťečný k tomu, aby bylo možno zdivo v pfijaťelném časovém období zbavit sólí.slower but still sufficient to allow the masonry to be free of soles within a reasonable period of time.
Známé postupy pro elektrokineťické odsťranování solí ze zdiva vétšinou využívají kovových anód, které mohou podléhat korozi a jejich? kapalné produkty koroze je obvykle zapoťfebí odstraňovať ze zdiva žlábkem z plastické hmoty.The known methods for electro-kinetic removal of masonry salts mostly use metal anodes that may be subject to corrosion and their? Liquid corrosion products usually need to be removed from the masonry by a plastic gutter.
Je znám také další postup k odstránení solí z betónu, pžičemž armatúra betónu slouží jako katóda a anionty jsou na své cestá k povrchové uložené anodé vázány na iontoméničové pryskyŕice nebo na hydroxid, uhličitan a/nebo oxid vápenatý. Pri obou uvedených postupech mčže docházet ke zpétné difuzi reakčních produktč do zdiva. Tím se snižuje proud a provedení postupu se stává nákladným a složitým.A further process for removing salts from concrete is also known, wherein the concrete armature serves as a cathode and the anions are bound to ion-exchange resins or to calcium hydroxide, carbonate and / or calcium oxide as they travel to the surface-embedded anode. In both of these processes, the reaction products may be back-diffused into the masonry. This reduces the current and makes the process expensive and complex.
Vynález si klade za úkol navrhnout wIt is an object of the present invention to provide w
zaŕizeni pro elektrokinetické odstranování solí ze zdiva pfi odstránení nevýhod známym zaŕízením ε postupy. V použití zaŕizeni by mélo být jednoduché a ner.ákladné a m’lo by být možné použít zejména také pŕedem pripravených elektród, popŕípadč zaŕizeni s obsa’nem téchto elektród.an apparatus for the electrokinetic removal of salts from the masonry while eliminating the disadvantages of the known apparatus ε procedures. The use of the apparatus should be simple and unimportant and it should also be possible, in particular, to use pre-prepared electrodes or, where appropriate, equipment with these electrodes.
Zaŕizeni podie vynálezu spočívá v tom, že kladná elektróda je krom? privedú zcela uložená do vrstvy pufru, na kterou naléhá vrstva separátom.The device according to the invention consists in the fact that the positive electrode is they are completely embedded in a buffer layer on which the layer is pressed with separates.
Výhoda tohoto uspoŕádání spočívá pŕedevším v tom, že elektróda je vrstvou pufru chránéna optimálni pred korozí, tnimoto vytváŕí vrstva separátom bariéru proti zpčtné difuzi reakčních produktú do zdiva. Vrstva separátorú má být po celém povrchu ve styku s vrstvou pufru tam, kde vrstva pufru pŕímo naléhá na zdivo.The advantage of this arrangement is that the electrode is optimally protected against corrosion by the buffer layer, since it forms a barrier against the back diffusion of the reaction products into the masonry. The separator layer should be in contact with the buffer layer over the entire surface where the buffer layer directly adheres to the masonry.
Daläí výhodná provedení zaŕizeni podie vynálezu spočívají v tom, že pufr múže hýt zcela uzavŕen do vrstvy separátorú nebo jím múže být oddélen od zdiva v pŕípadé ploäného provedení. Separátor je tvoŕen s výhodou mikroporézní membránou, popŕípadé selektívni pro ionty.Further advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention are that the buffer can be completely enclosed in the separator layer or can be separated from the masonry in the case of a flat design. The separator is preferably formed by a microporous membrane, optionally selective for ions.
Vynález ae rovnšž tyká anodového zaŕizeni, sestávájícího z elektródy, která je ve styku s pufrem, pričemž tato elektróda je krom? svého pripojení**The invention also relates to an anode device comprising an electrode in contact with a buffer, wherein the electrode is in addition to an electrode. your connection **
- 6 zcela obklopená pufrem, na vrstvu pufru je pak uložená vrstva separátoru.- 6 completely surrounded by buffer, then a layer of separator is deposited on the buffer layer.
Vynález bude dále osvétlem formou prikladá v souvislosti s priloženými výkresy.The invention will be further illustrated by the appended form in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Na obr. 1 je schematicky znázornéno zaŕízení pro elektrokinetické odstránení solí ze zdiva.In FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an apparatus for electrokinetic removal of salts from a masonry.
Na obr. 2 je znázornéno jiné provedení uvedeného zaŕízení.In FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of said device.
Na obr. 3 až 5 jsou znázornená rňzná provedení anodového zaŕízení podie vynálezu.In FIG. 3 to 5 are various embodiments of the anode device according to the invention.
Na obr. 1 je znázornéno zaŕízení k odstranéní solí ze zdiva s nékolika anódami 2, uloženými v otvoroch zdi 1, anódy 2 jsou spolu spojený vodiči. Anódy 2 jsou kromé svého pripojení úplné obklopený pufrem, immobilizujícím ionty a pufr je obklopen vrstvou separátoru, který jej oddéluje od stén otvorú ve zdi 1. Pri použití zdroje 3 elektrického proudu je ke katodé, v tomto pŕípadč tvorené uzeméním 4 pŕivádéno stejnosmérné napétí.In FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for removing salts from a masonry with a plurality of anodes 2 disposed in the openings of the wall 1, the anodes 2 being connected to one another by conductors. In addition to their connection, the anodes 2 are completely surrounded by an ion-immobilizing buffer and the buffer is surrounded by a separator layer separating it from the wall of the openings in the wall 1. Using a power source 3,
Na obr. 2 je schematicky znázornéno zaŕízení pro odstranéní solí, jehož plošné anódy 5 jsou uložený na zeď 1. Anódy 5 jsou až na své pripojení úplné uložený v pufrťs a spojený vodiči asoučasné pripojený na zdroj 3 elektrického proudu, pŕičemž eoučasné je proti uzeméní 4 pŕivádéno stejnosmérné napétí. V tomto provedeníIn FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a salt removal apparatus having flat anodes 5 mounted on a wall 1. The anodes 5, except for their connection, are fully embedded in buffers and connected by conductors and simultaneously connected to a power source 3 with DC voltage applied . In this embodiment
- Ί je vrstva separátoru uložená pouze na té straní anódy 5, která je pŕivrácena ke zdi 1.- Ί the separator layer is deposited only on that side of the anode 5 which faces the wall 1.
Na obr. 3 je znázornéno anodové zaŕízení 6 tvaru náboje, vhodné zvlášt* pro uložení do otvoril ve zdivu. Toto anodové zaŕizeni je tvoŕeno kovovým, s výhodou mždíným vodičom 7, který je obklopen vodivou plastickou hmotou 8. Kolem této vratvy je uložená vrstva 9 pufru, která váže chemicky i fyzikálni reakční produkty. Pufr obsahuje v podstate vodu, hydroxid vápenatý, uhličitan vápenatý, a/nebo oxid vápenatý nebo jejich smísi, s výhodou s prísadou želatínujícího 8-nidla. Toto činidlo pôsobí immobilizačni a zadržuje vodu, takže omezuje vysušení oblasti v blízkosti anódy. Vrstva pufru je zcela obklopená vrstvou 10 separátoru, tvoreného mikroporézní membránou, která oddčluje anodové zaŕizeni od stčny otvoru ve zdi.In FIG. 3 shows an anode device 6 in the form of a hub, suitable especially for placement in openings in masonry. This anode device is formed by a metallic, preferably copper conductor 7, which is surrounded by a conductive plastic 8. A buffer layer 9, which binds both the chemical and the physical reaction products, is deposited around the beam. The buffer comprises substantially water, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and / or calcium oxide or a mixture thereof, preferably with the addition of a gelling 8-agent. This agent acts to immobilize and retain water, thus limiting the drying of the area near the anode. The buffer layer is completely surrounded by a separator layer 10 formed by a microporous membrane that separates the anode device from the wall of the wall opening.
Na obr. 4 je znázornino anodové zaŕízení 11 tyčového tvaru. Toto anodové zaŕizeni 11 je vhodné zejména pro uložení do ätirbln ve zdi. Toto zaŕizeni je tvoŕeno elektródou 12, tvorenou kovovým vodičem s obalem z vodivé plastické hmoty, elektróda 12 ja až na své pripojení obklopená vrstvou pufru 13, který je ze zevní strany obklopen vrstvou 14 separátoru. Vrstva 14 separátoru oddéluje pak anodové zaŕizeni 11 od zdiva.In FIG. 4 shows a rod-shaped anode device 11. This anode device 11 is particularly suitable for embedding in a wall. The device comprises an electrode 12 formed of a metal conductor with a conductive plastic sheath, the electrode 12 being surrounded by a layer of buffer 13, which is surrounded from the outside by a separator layer 14, except for its connection. The separator layer 14 then separates the anode device 11 from the masonry.
Na obr. 5 je znázornéno anodové zaŕízení 16, plošné uložené na zea 15. Elektróda 17, tvoŕená vodičem, obaleným vodivou plastickou hmotou je vytvorená ve formé plošné uložených smyček, zcela 2avzatých do pufru 1θ. Najstrané, pŕivrácené ke zdi 15 je pufr od zdi 15 oddélen vrstvou 19 separátory.In FIG. Fig. 5 shows an anode device 16, mounted on the surface 15. The electrode 17, formed by a conductor encased in a conductive plastic, is in the form of flat-laid loops, completely taken up in buffer 1θ. On the uppermost side facing the wall 15, the buffer is separated from the wall 15 by a layer 19 of separators.
Anpdy mohou být vytvorený v tyčinkovité nebo plošné formé a jsou tvorený kovem, tuhou, vodivou plastickou hmotou nebo vodičem z kovu nebo tuhy, obklopeným vodivou plastickou vodivou hmotou. Pufr je tvoŕen vétšinou vodným rozdokem hydroxidu vápenatého, uhličitanu vápenatého a/nebo oxidu vápenatého nebo sm*sí téchto látek, s výhodou s prísadou želatínujícího činidla. Toto činidlo púsobí immobilizačné a zadržujevodu, takže omezuje vysychání okolí anódy. Z téchto činidel se obvykle užívají béžná činidla, s výhodou agar nebo karboxymethylcelulóza.The ands may be formed in a rod-shaped or planar form and are formed by a metal, a rigid, conductive plastic, or a conductor of metal or graphite surrounded by a conductive plastic conductive material. The buffer is usually formed by an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and / or calcium oxide or a mixture of these, preferably with the addition of a gelling agent. This agent acts to immobilize and retain water, thus limiting the drying of the anode surrounding. Of these agents, customary agents are generally used, preferably agar or carboxymethylcellulose.
Vrstva separátoru, která je v primám styku se zdĺ, vytváŕí bariéru proti zpétné difuzi reakčních produktú do zdi. Separátory tohoto typu jsou zásadné známé. Jde o mikroporézní membrányy které na základé rozdélení svých póld propouätéjí prednostné nékteré ionty, avšak bráni prostupu vétších aglomerátíl. Je možno užít také membrány, selektívni pro určité ionty.The separator layer, which is in direct contact with the wall, forms a barrier against the back diffusion of the reaction products into the wall. Separators of this type are fundamentally known. These are microporous membranes which, by virtue of the division of their poles, transfer preferentially some ions but prevent the passage of larger agglomerates. Ion selective membranes may also be used.
- 9 Membrány pro výrobu separátoru mají mít zásadní následující vlastnosti:- 9 The membranes for separator production should have the following essential characteristics:
- dobrou vodivosť pro ionty,- good conductivity for ions,
- vysokou selektivitu pro transport určitých iontú,- high selectivity for the transport of certain ions,
- dobrou smáčivost,- good wettability,
- vysokou mechanickou pevnosť, -- high mechanical strength, -
- špatnou elektrickou vodivosť, s výhodou jsou nevodivé,- poor electrical conductivity, preferably non-conductive,
- chemickou odolnost proti elektrolytu a teakční®'produkt úm.- chemical resistance to electrolyte and teak product.
Membrány mohou být tvorený ňásledujícími materiály! PTFE, asbest, PVC, PE, PP, celulóza, vázaná plastickou hmotou a/nebo zesílená sklenenými vlákny, r«generovaná celulóza, celofán nebo dloužené fólie z plastické hmoty.The membranes can be made up of the following materials! PTFE, asbestos, PVC, PE, PP, cellulose, plastic bound and / or glass fiber reinforced, cellulose generated, cellophane or stretched plastic sheets.
Použité stejnosmirné napití by milo být co nejvyšäí, aby bylo možno dosáhnout dostatoční rychlého tranportu iontč, tj. 10 až 50 V.The DC voltage used should be as high as possible in order to achieve a sufficient rapid ion transfer, i. 10 to 50 V.
Účinnosť zaŕizení podie vynálezu a anodového zaŕizení podie vynálezu hude dále doložená výsledkom následujícího pokusu.The efficacy of the device according to the invention and the anode device according to the invention is further illustrated by the result of the following experiment.
V pokuáném zaŕizení bylo užito tyčinkových elektród z mídíného drátu, obaleného vrstvou vodivé plastické hmoty, tato elektróda byla uložená ve » Λ In attempts has been used the rod-shaped electrode pyrimidin wire coated with a layer of conductive plastics material, the electrode being mounted in the »Λ
- lv smčsi 4 % hmotnostní karboxymethylcelulózy a >6 % hmotnostních uhličitanu vápenatého. Jako separátor byla užitá membrána, obvykle užívaná pro výrobu párkd, U2avľená na obou stranách. Otvory ve zdi byly provedeny v odpaľovací oblasti približne 1 m od základd. Jako protielektroda sloužila železná tyč, uložená do pôdy. Bylo užito stejnosmčrného napétí 36 V. Stupeň účinnosti putování aniontd k anodč byl 40ež 50 % podie obsahu soli a vlhkosti zdiva.- in a mixture of 4% by weight of carboxymethylcellulose and> 6% by weight of calcium carbonate. The separator used was a membrane, usually used for the production of sausages, mounted on both sides. Holes in the wall were made in the firing area approximately 1 m from the ground. An iron rod was placed in the soil as a counter electrode. A DC voltage of 36 V was used. The degree of efficiency of the anionic wandering to the anodes was 40 to 50%, based on the salt content and the moisture content of the masonry.
Po 60 dňoch bylo spotfeoováno 40 g uhličitanu vápenatého a elektródy mohly být i s reakčními produkty odstránený ze zdi. Analýzou bylo prokázáno, že více než 90 % reakčních produktú bylo vázáno na elektródu.After 60 days, 40 g of calcium carbonate was consumed and the electrodes could be removed from the wall with the reaction products. Analysis showed that more than 90% of the reaction products were bound to the electrode.
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0130789A AT394409B (en) | 1989-05-30 | 1989-05-30 | DEVICE FOR ELECTROKINETIC DESALINATION OF WALLMASKS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SK264390A3 true SK264390A3 (en) | 1994-04-06 |
| SK280162B6 SK280162B6 (en) | 1999-09-10 |
Family
ID=3511056
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SK2643-90A SK280162B6 (en) | 1989-05-30 | 1990-05-29 | Anode device and device for electrokinetic desalination of brickwork |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0427840B1 (en) |
| AT (2) | AT394409B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2033167A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ285180B6 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD294750A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59002386D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0427840T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2044595T3 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP921231B1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU209897B (en) |
| LT (1) | LT3290B (en) |
| LV (1) | LV5314A3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL163847B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU1834960C (en) |
| SI (1) | SI9011062A (en) |
| SK (1) | SK280162B6 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA13472A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990015203A1 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU106290A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9208921D0 (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1992-06-10 | Isis Innovation | Electrochemical treatment of surfaces |
| DE69329965D1 (en) * | 1992-06-15 | 2001-04-05 | Ortlieb Mathieu | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DEHUMIDIFYING WALLS OF A BUILDING |
| DE4235583A1 (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-05 | Tridelta Ag | Electro:osmosis anode for building restoration - comprises sprayed anode layer on non-metallic support provides simplified removal of harmful substances from brickworks |
| US5451677A (en) * | 1993-02-09 | 1995-09-19 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Substituted phenyl sulfonamides as selective β 3 agonists for the treatment of diabetes and obesity |
| DE10202764A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-08-07 | Fischer Christel | Method and arrangement for dehumidifying masonry |
| FR2846571B1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2006-05-26 | Francois Chasteau | METHOD FOR ELECTRO-OSMOSIS DAMPING OF A POROUS MEDIUM AND ELECTRODES FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3856646A (en) * | 1967-09-19 | 1974-12-24 | D Morarau | Methods and electrodes for the drying of damp buildings |
| NL7603539A (en) * | 1976-04-03 | 1977-10-04 | Halle Hoch & Montagebau Veb | PROCEDURE FOR RELEASING MOISTURE AND DRYING BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS. |
| DD231236A3 (en) * | 1983-10-04 | 1985-12-24 | Bauakademie Ddr | APPARATUS FOR DRYING NAZELY EMERGING MACHINERY |
| DD234997A3 (en) * | 1983-10-04 | 1986-04-23 | Adw Ddr | ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY FOR THE ELECTROCHEMICAL DESALINATION AND DRYING OF MACHINERY |
-
1989
- 1989-05-30 AT AT0130789A patent/AT394409B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-05-29 CZ CS902643A patent/CZ285180B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-29 SK SK2643-90A patent/SK280162B6/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 CA CA002033167A patent/CA2033167A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-05-30 DD DD90341133A patent/DD294750A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-30 ES ES90908410T patent/ES2044595T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-30 DE DE9090908410T patent/DE59002386D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-30 HU HU905208A patent/HU209897B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-30 AT AT90908410T patent/ATE93291T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-30 YU YU106290A patent/YU106290A/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 PL PL90285402A patent/PL163847B1/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 UA UA4894405A patent/UA13472A/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 WO PCT/AT1990/000051 patent/WO1990015203A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-05-30 DK DK90908410.5T patent/DK0427840T3/en active
- 1990-05-30 SI SI9011062A patent/SI9011062A/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 EP EP90908410A patent/EP0427840B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-01-29 RU SU914894405A patent/RU1834960C/en active
-
1992
- 1992-11-11 HR HRP-1062/90A patent/HRP921231B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-04-08 LV LV930235A patent/LV5314A3/en unknown
- 1993-05-06 LT LTIP513A patent/LT3290B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| UA13472A (en) | 1997-02-28 |
| EP0427840B1 (en) | 1993-08-18 |
| HU209897B (en) | 1994-11-28 |
| EP0427840A1 (en) | 1991-05-22 |
| YU106290A (en) | 1994-04-05 |
| HRP921231A2 (en) | 1995-08-31 |
| DK0427840T3 (en) | 1993-10-11 |
| DD294750A5 (en) | 1991-10-10 |
| CA2033167A1 (en) | 1990-12-01 |
| ATA130789A (en) | 1991-09-15 |
| LV5314A3 (en) | 1993-10-10 |
| SK280162B6 (en) | 1999-09-10 |
| SI9011062A (en) | 1997-08-31 |
| HRP921231B1 (en) | 1999-04-30 |
| LT3290B (en) | 1995-06-26 |
| LTIP513A (en) | 1994-11-25 |
| CZ264390A3 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
| WO1990015203A1 (en) | 1990-12-13 |
| ATE93291T1 (en) | 1993-09-15 |
| PL163847B1 (en) | 1994-05-31 |
| ES2044595T3 (en) | 1994-01-01 |
| RU1834960C (en) | 1993-08-15 |
| CZ285180B6 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
| HUT62357A (en) | 1993-04-28 |
| HU905208D0 (en) | 1992-08-28 |
| AT394409B (en) | 1992-03-25 |
| DE59002386D1 (en) | 1993-09-23 |
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