SK280162B6 - Anode device and device for electrokinetic desalination of brickwork - Google Patents
Anode device and device for electrokinetic desalination of brickwork Download PDFInfo
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- SK280162B6 SK280162B6 SK2643-90A SK264390A SK280162B6 SK 280162 B6 SK280162 B6 SK 280162B6 SK 264390 A SK264390 A SK 264390A SK 280162 B6 SK280162 B6 SK 280162B6
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- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006302 stretch film Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005370 electroosmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013580 sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
- E04B1/7007—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by using electricity, e.g. electro-osmosis
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Insulators (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Anódové zariadenie a zariadenie na elektrokinetické odstránenie solí z muriva je tvorené aspoň jednou elektródou na odstránenie solí, uloženou v stene alebo na stene, v styku s pufrom imobilizujúcim ióny a aspoň jednou zápornou elektródou, proti ktorej sa privádza jednosmerné napätie, pričom kladná elektróda (12, 17) je až na svoje prívody celkom uložená do vrstvy (9. 13,The anode device and the electrokinetic salt removal device of the masonry are formed by at least one wall-or-wall salt removal electrode in contact with an ion-immobilizing buffer and at least one negative electrode against which a direct voltage is applied, the positive electrode (12). , 17) is completely embedded in the layer (9. 13,
18) pufra, pričom pufer je obklopený vrstvou (10, 14,18) a buffer, the buffer being surrounded by a layer (10, 14,
19) separátora.19) separator.
Oblasť technikyTechnical field
Vynález sa týka anódového zariadenia na použitie v zariadení na elektrokinetické odstránenie solí z muriva. Zariadenie je tvorené aspoň jednou kladnou elektródou, uloženou na murive alebo v murive v poréznom pufri s obsahom vody a s aspoň jednou zápornou elektródou pod jednosmerným napätím.The invention relates to an anode device for use in a device for the electrokinetic removal of salts from a masonry. The device comprises at least one positive electrode deposited on the masonry or in the masonry in a porous buffer containing water and with at least one negative electrode under direct voltage.
Doterajší stav technikyBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Princíp elektrokinetického delenia iónov v elektrickom poli podľa ich náboja pod vplyvom jednosmerného napätia je známy a je v technickom meradle využívaný napríklad na získanie solí z morskej vody. Spôsob odstraňovania solí z muriva na základe elektrokinetického účinku je taktiež známy a využívaný.The principle of electrokinetic separation of ions in an electric field according to their charge under the influence of direct voltage is known and is used on a technical scale for example to obtain salts from sea water. A method of removing salts from a masonry by virtue of an electrokinetic effect is also known and utilized.
Najčastejšie sa vyskytujúce nežiaduce soli v murive sú sírany, chloridy a dusičnany. Pôvod týchto solí je veľmi rôzny, napríklad zo stavebného materiálu, ktorý je vyrábaný väčšinou z prírodných surovín,The most common undesirable salts in the masonry are sulphates, chlorides and nitrates. The origin of these salts is very diverse, for example from building materials that are mostly made of natural raw materials,
- z hnojív z okolitej pôdy, ktoré sa do muriva dostávajú kapilárnym transportom,- fertilizers from the surrounding soil which enter the masonry by capillary transport,
- zo soli, použitých napríklad na posypanie chodníkov a ciest asalt, used, for example, to sprinkle pavements and roads, and
- z atmosféry, napríklad pri „kyslých dažďoch“.- from the atmosphere, such as "acid rain".
Soli v murive sú väčšinou hygroskopické a prijímajú teda v závislosti od relatívnej vlhkosti zo vzduchu. Toto zvýšenie objemu kryštálikov soli vyvoláva veľké tlaky, ktoré môžu postupne rozrušovať stavebný materiál.The salts in the masonry are mostly hygroscopic and thus receive in dependence on the relative humidity from the air. This increase in the volume of salt crystals gives rise to high pressures which can gradually destroy the building material.
Uvedené soli okrem toho rozrušujú oceľ v betóne a predpínaciu oceľ v dôsledku korózie.In addition, said salts break down the steel in the concrete and the prestressing steel due to corrosion.
Sušenie elektrofyzikálnymi postupmi na princípe elektroosmózy v poréznom murive môže byť funkčné len v tom prípade, že sa medzi murivom a elektrolytom vytvára dostatočný potenciál Zeta. Pri vysokej koncentrácii rozpustných solí k vzniku tohto potenciálu nedochádza a sušenie elektroosmózou je nemožné. Je preto potrebné pred použitím elektroosmózy zbaviť murivo solí.Drying by electrophysical processes based on electroosmosis in a porous masonry can only be functional if sufficient Zeta potential is generated between the masonry and the electrolyte. At a high concentration of soluble salts, this potential does not occur and drying by electroosmosis is impossible. It is therefore necessary to remove the masonry salt before using electroosmosis.
Podstata odstraňovania soli z muriva spočíva vo využití elektrokinetického delenia na báze odlišného náboja.The essence of salt removal from masonry is the use of electrokinetic separation based on a different charge.
Pri vložení jednosmerného napätia postupujú z elektrolytu ióny s rôznym napätím v elektrickom poli k zodpovedajúcim elektródam a hromadia sa na týchto elektródach a v ich okolí. Anióny, ktoré sú záporne nabité putujú k anóde a kladne nabité katióny putujú ku katóde. Potom je možné vysoké koncentrácie aniónov priebežne odstraňovať z okolia anódy z muriva. Rýchlosť putovania iónov závisí od ich povahy, veľkosti a na vonkajších podmienok, ako je tlak, teplota, koncentrácia a podobne.When a DC voltage is applied, ions with different voltages in the electric field move from the electrolyte to the corresponding electrodes and accumulate on and around these electrodes. Anions that are negatively charged travel to the anode and positively charged cations travel to the cathode. Thereafter, high anion concentrations can be continuously removed from the surrounding anode of the masonry. The rate of ion travel depends on their nature, size and external conditions such as pressure, temperature, concentration, and the like.
Dôležitým faktorom je tiež použité rozpúšťadlo. Pre niektoré ióny bude ďalej uvedená rýchlosť putovania: OH' 0,00167 cm2/sVThe solvent used is also an important factor. For some ions, the traveling velocity will be as follows: OH '0.00167 cm 2 / sV
CL- 0,00062 cm2/sVCL - 0.00062 cm 2 / sV
NO3· 0,00058 cm2/sVNO3 · 0.00058 cm 2 / sV
SO4- 0,00059 cm2/sVSO4 - 0.00059 cm 2 / sV
V murive je postup iónov podstatne pomalší, ale ešte dostatočný na to, aby bolo možné murivo v prijateľnom časovom období zbaviť solí.In masonry, the process of ions is considerably slower, but still sufficient to allow the masonry to get rid of salts within a reasonable period of time.
Známe postupy na elektrokinetické odstraňovanie solí z muriva väčšinou využívajú kovové anódy, ktoré môžu podliehať korózii a ktorých kvapalné produkty korózie je zvyčajne potrebné odstraňovať z muriva žliabkom z plastu.Known processes for electrokinetic removal of salts from masonry mostly utilize metal anodes that may be subject to corrosion and whose liquid corrosion products usually need to be removed from the masonry by plastic gutters.
Je známy aj ďalší postup na odstraňovanie solí z betónu, pričom armatúra betónu slúži ako katóda a anióny sú na svojej ceste k povrchovo uloženej anóde viazané na aniónovú živicu alebo na hydroxid, uhličitan a/alebo oxid vápenatý. Pri oboch uvedených postupoch môže dochádzať k spätnej difúzii reakčných produktov do muriva. Týnt sa znižuje prúd a uskutočnenie postupu sa stáva nákladným a zložitým.A further process for removing salts from concrete is known, wherein the concrete armature serves as a cathode and the anions are bound to an anionic resin or to hydroxide, carbonate and / or calcium oxide on their way to the surface anode. In both of these processes, the reaction products may be back-diffused into the masonry. This also reduces the current and makes the process expensive and complex.
Vynález si kladie za úlohu navrhnúť zariadenie na elektrokinetické odstraňovanie solí z muriva pri odstránení nevýhod známych zariadení a postupov. Použitie zariadenia by malo byť jednoduché a nenákladné a malo by byť možné použiť najmä vopred pripravené elektródy, prípadne zariadenia s obsahom týchto elektród.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for the electrokinetic removal of salts from masonry while avoiding the disadvantages of known apparatus and processes. The use of the device should be simple and inexpensive and it should be possible in particular to use pre-prepared electrodes or devices containing these electrodes.
Podstata vynálezuSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Zariadenie podľa vynálezu spočíva v tom, že kladná elektróda je okrem prívodov celkom uložená do vrstvy pufra, o ktorú sa opiera vrstva separátora.The device according to the invention consists in that, in addition to the leads, the positive electrode is completely embedded in a buffer layer on which the separator layer is supported.
Výhoda tohto usporiadania spočíva predovšetkým v tom, že elektróda je vrstvou pufra optimálne chránená pred koróziou, okrem toho vrstva separátora vytvára bariéru proti spätnej difúzii reakčných produktov do muriva. Vrstva separátorov má byť po celom povrchu v styku s vrstvou pufra tam, kde sa vrstva pufra priamo opiera o murivo.The advantage of this arrangement is that the electrode is optimally protected against corrosion by the buffer layer, in addition the separator layer forms a barrier against the back-diffusion of the reaction products into the masonry. The separator layer should be in contact with the buffer layer over the entire surface where the buffer layer rests directly on the masonry.
Ďalšie výhodné uskutočnenia zariadenia podľa vynálezu spočívajú v tom, že pufer môže byť celkom uzavretý do vrstvy separátora alebo ním môže byť oddelený od muriva v prípade plošného uskutočnenia. Separátor je tvorený výhodne mikroporéznou membránou, prípadne selektívnou pre ióny.Further advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention are that the buffer can be completely enclosed in the separator layer or separated from the masonry in the case of a flat design. The separator is preferably a microporous membrane, optionally selective for ions.
Vrstva separátora môže byť tvorená mikroporéznou membránou, prípadne selektívnou pre ióny napríklad z PTFE, azbestu, PVC, PE, PP, celulózy, spojenej plastom a/alebo zosilnenej sklenenými vláknami, regenerovanej celulózy, celofánu alebo z dĺženej fólie z plastu.The separator layer may consist of a microporous membrane, optionally selective for ions of, for example, PTFE, asbestos, PVC, PE, PP, cellulose, plastic bonded and / or glass fiber reinforced, regenerated cellulose, cellophane or an elongated plastic sheet.
Anóda môže byť tvorená vodivým plastom alebo kovovým, výhodne medeným vodičom alebo grafitovými vláknami, obklopenými vodivým plastom.The anode may be a conductive plastic or a metal, preferably copper conductor or graphite fiber, surrounded by a conductive plastic.
Anódové zariadenie, pozostávajúceho z elektródy, ktorá je v styku s pufrom, pričom táto elektóda je okrem svojho pripojenia celkom obklopená pufrom, na vrstvu pufra je potom uložená vrstva separátora.An anode device consisting of an electrode that is in contact with a buffer, which electrode is completely surrounded by a buffer in addition to its connection, then a separator layer is deposited on the buffer layer.
Vynález bude ďalej osvetlený formou príkladov v súvislosti s priloženými výkresmi.The invention will now be illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Prehľad obrázkov na výkresochBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Na obr. 1 je schematicky znázornené zariadenie na elektrokinetické odstránenie solí z muriva.In FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an apparatus for electrokinetic removal of salts from masonry.
Na obr. 2 je znázornené iné uskutočnenie uvedeného zariadenia.In FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of said device.
Na obr. 3 až 5 sú znázornené rôzne uskutočnenia anódového zariadenia podľa vynálezu.In FIG. 3 to 5, various embodiments of the anode device according to the invention are shown.
SK 280162 Β6SK 280162 Β6
Príklady uskutočnenia vynálezuDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Na obr. 1 je znázornené zariadenie na odstránenie solí z muriva s niekoľkými anódami 2, uloženými v otvoroch steny 1, anódy 2 sú spolu spojené vodičmi. Anódy 2 sú okrem svojho pripojenia úplne obklopené pufrom, imobilizujúcim ióny a pufer je obklopený vrstvou separátora, ktorý ho oddeľuje od stien otvorov v stene 1. Pri použití zdroja 3 elektrického prúdu je ku katóde, v tomto prípade tvorenej uzemnením 4, privádzané jednosmerné napätie.In FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for removing salts from a masonry with a plurality of anodes 2 housed in the openings of the wall 1, the anodes 2 being connected together by conductors. In addition to their connection, the anodes 2 are completely surrounded by a buffer immobilizing ions and the buffer is surrounded by a separator layer separating it from the wall of the openings in the wall 1. When using the power source 3, a DC voltage is applied to the cathode.
Na obr. 2 je schematicky znázornené zariadenie na odstránenie solí, ktorého plošné anódy 5 sú uložené na stenuIn FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a salt removal apparatus whose surface anodes 5 are mounted on a wall
1. Anódy 5 sú až na svoje pripojenie úplne uložené v pufri a spojené vodičmi a súčasne pripojené na zdroj 3 elektrického prúdu, pričom súčasne je proti uzemneniu 4 privádzané jednosmerné napätie. V tomto uskutočnení je vrstva separátora uložená len na tej strane anódy 5, ktorá je privrátená k stene 1.1. The anodes 5, except for their connection, are completely stored in a buffer and connected by conductors and at the same time connected to the power source 3, at the same time a direct voltage is applied to the earth 4. In this embodiment, the separator layer is deposited only on that side of the anode 5 that faces the wall 1.
Na obr. 3 je znázornené anódové zariadenie 6 tvaru náboja, vhodné najmä na uloženie do otvorov v murive. Toto anódové zariadenie je tvorené kovovým, výhodne medeným vodičom 7, ktorý je obklopený vodivým plastom 8. Okolo tejto vrstvy je uložená vrstva 9 pufra, ktorá viaže chemicky a fyzikálne reakčné produkty. Pufer obsahuje v podstate vodu, hydroxid vápenatý, uhličitan vápenatý a/alebo oxid vápenatý alebo ich zmesi, výhodne s prísadou želatinizujúceho činidla. Toto činidlo pôsobí imobilizačne a zadržuje vodu, takže obmedzuje vysušenie oblasti v blízkosti anódy. Vrstva pufra je celkom obklopená vrstvou 10 separátora, tvoreného mikroporéznou membránou, ktorá oddeľuje anódové zariadenie od steny otvoru v stene.In FIG. 3 shows an anode device 6 in the form of a hub, particularly suitable for mounting in openings in a masonry. This anode device consists of a metallic, preferably copper conductor 7, surrounded by a conductive plastic 8. Around this layer, a buffer layer 9 is deposited which binds the chemical and physical reaction products. The buffer comprises substantially water, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and / or calcium oxide or mixtures thereof, preferably with the addition of a gelling agent. This agent acts immobilizing and retains water, thus limiting the drying of the area near the anode. The buffer layer is completely surrounded by a microporous membrane separator layer 10 that separates the anode device from the wall of the opening in the wall.
Na obr. 4 je znázornené anódové zariadenie 11 tyčového tvaru. Toto anódové zariadenia 11 je vhodné najmä na uloženie do štrbín v stene. Toto zariadenie je tvorené kladnou elektródou 12, tvorenou kovovým vodičom s obalom z vodivého plastu, kladná elektróda 12 je až na svoje pripojenie obklopená vrstvou 13 pufra, ktorý jc z vonkajšej strany obklopený vrstvou 14 separátora. Vrstva 14 separátora oddeľuje potom anódové zariadenie 11 od muriva.In FIG. 4 shows an anode device 11 of bar shape. This anode device 11 is particularly suitable for receiving in the slots in the wall. This device consists of a positive electrode 12 formed of a metal conductor with a conductive plastic sheath, the positive electrode 12 being surrounded by a buffer layer 13 which is surrounded from the outside by a separator layer 14, except for its connection. The separator layer 14 then separates the anode device 11 from the masonry.
Na obr. 5 je znázornené anódové zariadenia 16, plošne uložené na stenu 15. Kladná elektróda 17 tvorená vodičom, obaleným vodivým plastom je vytvorená vo forme plošne uložených slučiek, celkom uzavretých do pufra 18. Na strane, privrátenej k stene 15 je pufer od steny 15 oddelený vrstvou 19 separátora.In FIG. 5 shows an anode device 16 flatly mounted on wall 15. The positive electrode 17 formed by a conductor wrapped with conductive plastic is formed in the form of flat loops, completely enclosed in buffer 18. On the side facing the wall 15, the buffer is separated from the wall 15 by a layer. 19 separator.
Anódy môžu byť vytvorené v tyčinkovitej alebo plošnej forme a sú tvorené kovov, tuhým, vodivým plastom. Pufer je tvorený väčšinou vodným roztokom hydroxidu vápenatého, uhličitanu vápenatého a/alebo oxidu vápenatého alebo zmesou týchto látok, výhodne s prísadou želatinizujúceho činidla. Toto činidlo pôsobí imobilizačne a zadržuje vodu, takže obmedzuje vysychanie okolia anódy. Z týchto činidiel sa zvyčajne používajú bežné činidlá, výhodne agar alebo karboxymetylcelulóza.The anodes may be formed in a rod-shaped or planar form and are formed of a metal, a rigid, conductive plastic. The buffer is usually composed of an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and / or calcium oxide, or a mixture thereof, preferably with the addition of a gelling agent. This reagent acts immobilizing and retains water, thus limiting the drying of the anode surrounding. Of these, conventional agents, preferably agar or carboxymethylcellulose, are usually used.
Vrstva separátora, ktorá je v priamom styku so stenou, vytvára bariéru proti spätnej difúzii reakčných produktov do steny. Separátory tohto typu sú zásadne známe. Ide o mikroporézne membrány, ktoré na základe rozdelenia svojich pólov prepúšťajú najmä niektoré ióny, ale bránia prestupu väčších aglomerátov. Je možné použiť aj membrány, selektívne pre určité ióny.The separator layer, which is in direct contact with the wall, forms a barrier against back diffusion of the reaction products into the wall. Separators of this type are generally known. These are microporous membranes which, due to their pole distribution, pass in particular some ions, but prevent the passage of larger agglomerates. It is also possible to use membranes which are selective for certain ions.
Membrány na výrobu separátora majú mať zásadne nasledujúce vlastnosti:In principle, the membranes for producing the separator should have the following characteristics:
dobrú vodivosť pre ióny,good conductivity for ions,
- vysokú selektivitu na transport určitých iónov,- high selectivity for the transport of certain ions,
- dobrú zmáčavosť, vysokú mechanickú pevnosť, zlú elektrickú vodivosť, výhodne sú nevodivé,- good wettability, high mechanical strength, poor electrical conductivity, preferably non-conductive,
- chemickú odolnosť proti elektrolytu a reakčným produktom.- chemical resistance to electrolyte and reaction products.
Membrány môžu byť tvorené nasledujúcimi materiálmi: PTFE, azbest, PVC, PE, PP, celulóza, viazaná plastom a/alebo zosilnená sklenenými vláknami, regenerovaná celulóza, celofán alebo dĺžené fólie z plastu.The membranes may be composed of the following materials: PTFE, asbestos, PVC, PE, PP, cellulose, plastic bound and / or glass fiber reinforced, regenerated cellulose, cellophane or elongated plastic sheets.
Použité jednosmerné napätie by malo byť čo najvyššie, aby bolo možné dosiahnuť dostatočne rýchly transport iónov, t. j. 10 až 50 V.The applied DC voltage should be as high as possible in order to achieve a sufficiently rapid ion transport, i. j. 10 to 50 V.
Účinnosť zariadenia podľa vynálezu a anódového zariadenia podľa vynálezu bude ďalej doložená výsledkom nasledujúceho pokusu.The efficiency of the device according to the invention and of the anode device according to the invention will be further demonstrated by the result of the following experiment.
V pokusnom zariadení boli použité tyčinkovité elektródy z medeného drôtu, obaleného vrstvou vodivého plastu, táto elektróda bola uložená v zmesi 4 % hmotnostné karboxymetylcelulózy a 96 % hmotnostných uhličitanu vápenatého. Ako separátor bola použitá membrána, zvyčajne používaná na výrobu párkov, uzavretá na oboch stranách. Otvory v stene boli urobené v odparovacej oblasti približne 1 m od základov. Ako protielektróda slúžila železná tyč, uložená do pôdy. Bolo použité jednosmerné napätie 36 V. Stupeň účinnosti putovania aniónov k anóde bol 40 až 50 % podľa obsahu solí a vlhkosti muriva.In the experimental apparatus, rod-shaped copper wire electrodes coated with a conductive plastic layer were used, the electrode being deposited in a mixture of 4% by weight carboxymethylcellulose and 96% by weight calcium carbonate. As a separator, a membrane, usually used for the production of sausages, closed on both sides was used. Wall openings were made in the evaporation area approximately 1 m from the foundation. The counter-electrode was an iron rod embedded in the soil. A DC voltage of 36 V was used. The degree of efficiency of the anion-to-anode travel was 40 to 50%, depending on the salt content and the moisture content of the masonry.
Po 60 dňoch bolo spotrebovaných 40 g uhličitanu vápenatého a elektródy môžu byť aj s reakčnými produktmi odstránené zo steny. Analýzou bolo dokázané, že viac ako 90 % reakčných produktov bolo viazaných na elektródu.After 60 days, 40 g of calcium carbonate has been consumed and the electrodes can be removed from the wall with the reaction products. Analysis showed that more than 90% of the reaction products were bound to the electrode.
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0130789A AT394409B (en) | 1989-05-30 | 1989-05-30 | DEVICE FOR ELECTROKINETIC DESALINATION OF WALLMASKS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SK264390A3 SK264390A3 (en) | 1994-04-06 |
| SK280162B6 true SK280162B6 (en) | 1999-09-10 |
Family
ID=3511056
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SK2643-90A SK280162B6 (en) | 1989-05-30 | 1990-05-29 | Anode device and device for electrokinetic desalination of brickwork |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0427840B1 (en) |
| AT (2) | AT394409B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2033167A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ285180B6 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD294750A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59002386D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0427840T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2044595T3 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP921231B1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU209897B (en) |
| LT (1) | LT3290B (en) |
| LV (1) | LV5314A3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL163847B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU1834960C (en) |
| SI (1) | SI9011062A (en) |
| SK (1) | SK280162B6 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA13472A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990015203A1 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU106290A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9208921D0 (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1992-06-10 | Isis Innovation | Electrochemical treatment of surfaces |
| DE69329965D1 (en) * | 1992-06-15 | 2001-04-05 | Ortlieb Mathieu | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DEHUMIDIFYING WALLS OF A BUILDING |
| DE4235583A1 (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-05 | Tridelta Ag | Electro:osmosis anode for building restoration - comprises sprayed anode layer on non-metallic support provides simplified removal of harmful substances from brickworks |
| US5451677A (en) * | 1993-02-09 | 1995-09-19 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Substituted phenyl sulfonamides as selective β 3 agonists for the treatment of diabetes and obesity |
| DE10202764A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-08-07 | Fischer Christel | Method and arrangement for dehumidifying masonry |
| FR2846571B1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2006-05-26 | Francois Chasteau | METHOD FOR ELECTRO-OSMOSIS DAMPING OF A POROUS MEDIUM AND ELECTRODES FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3856646A (en) * | 1967-09-19 | 1974-12-24 | D Morarau | Methods and electrodes for the drying of damp buildings |
| NL7603539A (en) * | 1976-04-03 | 1977-10-04 | Halle Hoch & Montagebau Veb | PROCEDURE FOR RELEASING MOISTURE AND DRYING BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS. |
| DD231236A3 (en) * | 1983-10-04 | 1985-12-24 | Bauakademie Ddr | APPARATUS FOR DRYING NAZELY EMERGING MACHINERY |
| DD234997A3 (en) * | 1983-10-04 | 1986-04-23 | Adw Ddr | ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY FOR THE ELECTROCHEMICAL DESALINATION AND DRYING OF MACHINERY |
-
1989
- 1989-05-30 AT AT0130789A patent/AT394409B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-05-29 CZ CS902643A patent/CZ285180B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-29 SK SK2643-90A patent/SK280162B6/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 CA CA002033167A patent/CA2033167A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-05-30 DD DD90341133A patent/DD294750A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-30 ES ES90908410T patent/ES2044595T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-30 DE DE9090908410T patent/DE59002386D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-30 HU HU905208A patent/HU209897B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-30 AT AT90908410T patent/ATE93291T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-05-30 YU YU106290A patent/YU106290A/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 PL PL90285402A patent/PL163847B1/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 UA UA4894405A patent/UA13472A/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 WO PCT/AT1990/000051 patent/WO1990015203A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-05-30 DK DK90908410.5T patent/DK0427840T3/en active
- 1990-05-30 SI SI9011062A patent/SI9011062A/en unknown
- 1990-05-30 EP EP90908410A patent/EP0427840B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-01-29 RU SU914894405A patent/RU1834960C/en active
-
1992
- 1992-11-11 HR HRP-1062/90A patent/HRP921231B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-04-08 LV LV930235A patent/LV5314A3/en unknown
- 1993-05-06 LT LTIP513A patent/LT3290B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| UA13472A (en) | 1997-02-28 |
| EP0427840B1 (en) | 1993-08-18 |
| HU209897B (en) | 1994-11-28 |
| EP0427840A1 (en) | 1991-05-22 |
| YU106290A (en) | 1994-04-05 |
| HRP921231A2 (en) | 1995-08-31 |
| DK0427840T3 (en) | 1993-10-11 |
| DD294750A5 (en) | 1991-10-10 |
| CA2033167A1 (en) | 1990-12-01 |
| ATA130789A (en) | 1991-09-15 |
| LV5314A3 (en) | 1993-10-10 |
| SI9011062A (en) | 1997-08-31 |
| HRP921231B1 (en) | 1999-04-30 |
| LT3290B (en) | 1995-06-26 |
| LTIP513A (en) | 1994-11-25 |
| CZ264390A3 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
| WO1990015203A1 (en) | 1990-12-13 |
| SK264390A3 (en) | 1994-04-06 |
| ATE93291T1 (en) | 1993-09-15 |
| PL163847B1 (en) | 1994-05-31 |
| ES2044595T3 (en) | 1994-01-01 |
| RU1834960C (en) | 1993-08-15 |
| CZ285180B6 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
| HUT62357A (en) | 1993-04-28 |
| HU905208D0 (en) | 1992-08-28 |
| AT394409B (en) | 1992-03-25 |
| DE59002386D1 (en) | 1993-09-23 |
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