RU2834668C1 - Method of cultivation of spring barley - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, particularly to plant growing. Method involves soil treatment, application of fertilizers, pre-sowing treatment of seeds, sowing, care of crops and harvesting. Barley is placed in the crop rotation after the wheat fallow; the sowing period is 14-21 May with a seeding rate of 4 million germinating grains per 1 hectare. Main soil treatment in autumn is carried out by a flat-cutting method at depth of 10-12 cm with the introduction of ammophos 100 kg/ha. In spring, moisture is covered with needle harrows to depth of 4-5 cm, followed by rolling. Prior to sowing, seeds are pretreated with insectofungicide Tuareg, SME 1.2 l/t. Sowing is carried out with a combined unit with simultaneous local application of ammonium nitrate 100 kg/ha into rows. In phase of 2-3 leaves of barley, herbicides Puma super 7.5, EC 0.8 l/ha and Magnum, WDG 0.01 kg/ha are used in the tank mixture. Foliar top dressing is carried out with carbamide in tillering and heading phases, respectively, 5 and 10 kg/ha. In the phase of flag leaf formation, the culture is treated with fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE 1.5 l/ha.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to increase crop capacity, to improve sowing properties of seeds, as well as to reduce contamination of crops, damage of plants with diseases and pests in conditions of spring barley growing in the West Siberian region.

1 cl, 9 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture (plant growing), namely to the technology of growing grain of spring barley varieties adapted to cultivation in the West Siberian region.

The structure of the sown areas of the Siberian region is dominated by grain crops, occupying 8.6 million hectares (62% of the total sown area), of which more than 6 million hectares (72%) are allocated for spring wheat. Barley is sown on up to 2 million hectares (20-24% of the grain crop area). In the risky farming zone, this crop is a reliable and valuable source of food and feed grain, however, in Siberia, barley is produced two to three times less than required.

Despite the achievements in selection, scientists believe that the actual yield of spring barley is significantly lower than the projected values and the high potential of this crop in cultivation remains insufficiently revealed. The use in agricultural production of modern varieties adapted to local conditions, capable of maximizing the productivity potential in various growing conditions, can increase the stability of gross barley grain harvests over the years and ensure high efficiency of cultivation while observing agrotechnical requirements.

A method for growing barley is known [Patent RU 2539802 C1 Method for growing barley. Patent holder: Gella-Pharma LLC, Timiryazev Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Agricultural Academy, Published 27.01.2015 Bulletin No. 3]. The method includes treating seeds with a protective and stimulating complex. Barley seeds are soaked in an aqueous solution of a complex of biologically active substances of the feed additive Floravit® with a concentration of 1*10 ^-4 mg/ml and a consumption rate of 10 l/t of seeds, and barley plants in the tillering phase are sprayed with an aqueous solution of a complex of biologically active substances of the feed additive Floravit® with a concentration of 1*10 ^-4 mg/ml and a solution consumption rate of 200-250 l/ha. The disadvantage of this method is that the treatment with the specified protective and stimulating complex is carried out by soaking the seeds, which is technically very difficult to implement in real production.

A method for cultivating agricultural crops is known [Patent RU 2637521 C1 Method for cultivating agricultural crops. Patent holder: Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Published 05.12.2017 Bulletin No. 34]. The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the technology of growing field crops. Mechanical cultivation of the field, sowing, application of herbicides and harvesting are carried out. Each of the stages is performed based on the level of weed infestation, the existing weed infestation is measured and reduced as much as possible, and the remaining weed infestation is monitored. To reduce weed infestation during tillage, the intensity of the tillage implements is adjusted to the maximum possible destruction of weeds. When sowing, the seed application rate is regulated taking into account the natural struggle of the crop and weeds. When applying plant protection products, the application rate is set based on the level of weed infestation. Additionally, the ecological response of the agrocenosis is determined, expressed in the maximum permissible suppression of microbiota and an increase in soil oligotrophy. According to it, the rate of application of plant protection products (herbicides) is adjusted.

The disadvantages of this method are the lack of use of mineral fertilizers and fungicides, which is the reason for a significant reduction in the yield of agricultural crops, regardless of the region of cultivation.

A method for cultivating spring wheat and spring barley with the introduction of organomineral fertilizers is known [Patent RU 2790681 C1 Method for cultivating spring wheat and spring barley with the introduction of organomineral fertilizers. Patent holder: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Samara State Agrarian University". Published 02/28/2023 Bulletin 7]. In the method, organomineral fertilizers are introduced in the form of spent mushroom compost, which uses nutrients from the organomineral fertilizers remaining after collecting mushrooms from the mushroom block, the substrate of which includes mushroom mycelium processed in the process of rotting organic fertilizers. Peas for grain are used as a precursor.

The disadvantage of this method is the inaccessibility of the wide use of semi-rotted and rotted mushroom compost of RM-Group LLC as an organic fertilizer for grain crops in various regions of the Russian Federation.

The closest analogue, accepted as a prototype, is the method of growing spring barley [Patent RU 2775622 C1 Method of growing spring barley. Patent holder: Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Published 07/05/2022 Bulletin 19]. The method includes pre-sowing seed treatment, fertilization, sowing pre-treated seeds, crop care, harvesting and processing of grain. Sowing is carried out at the optimal time - May 20-25 with a seeding rate of 4.5 million viable grains per hectare. Barley seeds are pre-treated with Vial Trust, VSK - 0.4 l / t before sowing. Solid fertilizer azofoska is applied at a dose of N ₆₀ P ₆₀ K ₆₀ , herbicides Ballerina Super, SE - 0.5 l / ha and Lastik Extra, KE - 1.0 l / ha are used. In the phase of emergence into the tube - earing, treatment is carried out with the fungicide Kolosal PRO, KME - 0.4 l / ha and the insecticide Borey, SK - 0.1 l / ha. The method provides an increase in laboratory germination of seeds, an increase in barley yield, a decrease in crop infestation and a decrease in plant damage by major diseases and pests.

The disadvantage of this method is that no insecticide is used to treat the seeds against pests of crop shoots. The types and amounts of fertilizers applied also require clarification, since the soil and climatic conditions of Western Siberia can vary greatly.

The claimed invention is aimed at intensifying agricultural practices in the cultivation of spring barley after a non-fallow predecessor, ensuring an increase in yield and an improvement in the quality of barley grain in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia.

The technical result of the invention is an increase in the yield and quality of barley grain, a reduction in crop infestation, as well as plant damage by diseases and pests.

The technical result is achieved by placing spring barley in crop rotation after wheat on fallow, includes autumn application of ammophos 100 kg/ha and primary flat-cutting soil cultivation to a depth of 10-12 cm, closing moisture in spring with needle harrows to a depth of 4-5 cm with subsequent rolling, pre-sowing seed treatment with insectofungicide Tuareg, SME 1.2 l/t. The optimal sowing time is 14-21 May, the seeding rate is 4 million viable grains per 1 ha. Sowing is carried out with a combined unit with simultaneous local application of ammonium nitrate 100 kg/ha in rows, crop care is carried out. For effective protection against weeds in the 2-3 leaf phase of barley, use the herbicides Puma Super 7.5, EC 0.8 l/ha and Magnum, VDG 0.01 kg/ha in a tank mixture, carry out foliar feeding with urea in the tillering and heading phases, respectively, 5 and 10 kg/ha. In the flag leaf formation phase, the crop is treated with the fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE 1.5 l/ha. Harvesting is single-phase at full maturity and grain moisture content of no more than 15%.

The information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention is as follows.

In order to study the effect of individual agricultural practices on the yield and quality of spring barley grain, studies were conducted on the experimental field of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Omsk Scientific Center". The soil of the experimental plot is meadow-chernozem, medium-humus (6.5%), heavy loamy, pH of the aqueous extract is 7.0.

The research was conducted on varieties bred by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Omsk Scientific Research Center”, approved for use in the West Siberian region (included in the state register of breeding achievements).

The crop is grown as part of the grain-fallow crop rotation “fallow – wheat – barley”.

Predecessor for barley, sowing dates. When evaluating various predecessors, bare fallow was taken as a control, on which barley formed the maximum grain yield of 2.79 t/ha, but under production conditions such backgrounds are more often given to wheat. The highest crop yield on non-fallow predecessors was noted for wheat after fallow - 2.40 t/ha, corn - 2.29 and continuous sowing - 2.07 t/ha. It should be noted that when reseeding barley, it reduces the yield by 13.9-19.3%.

Table 1 – Grain yield of spring barley depending on the predecessor, t/ha

Predecessor Sowing Grain shortfall from re-sowing directly again t/ha % Clean steam (control) 2.79 2.45 0.34 13.9 Wheat after steam 2.40 1.94 0.35 18.0 Corn 2.29 1.92 0.37 19.3 Continuous sowing 2.07 1.77 0.30 14.5

The highest yield on bare fallow (control), on average over the years of research, was formed by barley when sown on May 7-14, on a non-fallow predecessor (wheat after fallow) - on May 14-21. A regular shift in the optimal sowing dates to a later time was noted when barley was planted on a grain predecessor (wheat after fallow), compared to fallow (Table 2).

Table 2 – Grain yield of spring barley depending on the predecessor and sowing time, t/ha

Sowing time Predecessor - pure steam Predecessor - wheat
after steam 2019 2020 2021 2019-2021 2019 2020 2021 2019-2021 Spring barley variety Omsk 100 May 7 6.96 7.06 6.70 6.91 3.70 5.17 3.55 4.14 May 14 7.13 6.96 6.44 6.84 4.09 6.37 4.67 5.04 May 21 7.33 6.85 5.37 6.52 3.85 6.64 5.11 5.20 May 28 7.05 6.37 3.93 5.78 3.81 6.23 2.85 4.30 June 4 6.89 5.94 3.77 5.53 3.71 5.41 2.61 3.91 Average 7.07 6.64 5.24 6.32 3.83 5.96 3.76 4.52 Spring barley variety Sasha May 7 7.79 7.78 7.28 7.62 3.52 5.92 3.98 4.47 May 14 8.53 8.97 6.55 8.02 4.25 7.33 4.59 5.39 May 21 7.86 7.75 5.58 7.06 3.89 7.70 5.04 5.54 May 28 7.66 5.66 3.94 5.75 3.97 5.52 2.78 4.09 June 4 7.34 5.05 4.00 5.46 3.87 4.63 2.58 3.69 Average 7.84 7.04 5.47 6.78 3.90 6.22 3.79 4.64 NSR ₀₅ 0.30 0.24 0.18 - 0.18 0.24 0.23 -

LSD _0.5 – the least significant difference at 5% significance level

Barley seeding rate. On average, over 3 years, the spring barley variety Omskiy 100 sown after wheat after fallow formed equal yields at seeding rates of 4.0 and 5.0 million viable grains/ha - 5.87 t/ha, for the Sasha variety the difference between these rates was also insignificant 6.06 and 6.13 t/ha. Consequently, taking into account the unjustified seed costs, the most optimal seeding rate when placed in crop rotation after wheat after fallow is 4 million viable grains/ha (Table 3).

Table 3 – Grain yield of spring barley depending on the predecessor and seeding rate, t/ha

Seeding rate, million sprouted grains/ha Predecessor - wheat after fallow 2019 2020 2021 2019-2021 Spring barley variety Omsk 100 2.0 4.84 7.08 3.34 5.09 3.0 4.98 7.55 3.83 5.45 4.0 5.41 8.01 4.18 5.87 5.0 5.16 7.72 4.73 5.87 6.0 5.09 7.70 4.51 5.77 7.0 4.70 7.56 4.25 5.50 Average 5.03 7.60 4.14 5.59 Spring barley variety Sasha 2.0 3.41 7.99 3.44 4.95 3.0 4.62 8.28 4.06 5.65 4.0 4.98 8.04 5.17 6.06 5.0 5.19 7.76 5.44 6.13 6.0 5.04 7.53 5.10 5.89 7.0 4.92 7.45 4.86 5.74 Average 4.69 7.84 4.68 5.74 NSR ₀₅ 0.28 0.20 0.19 -

Primary tillage . When growing barley without the use of fertilizers and pesticides, moldboard tillage has a significant advantage, with an average yield of 2.33 t/ha. Other options are inferior to it by 0.22-0.48 t/ha (Table 4). When using fertilizers and herbicides, flat-cut and combined tillage are not inferior to plowing. Flat-cut tillage, provided that mineral fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides are used (intensive technology), has a slight advantage. Considering the lower costs of flat-cut tillage, compared to plowing, it is the most acceptable for intensive barley growing technology in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia.

Table 4 – Productivity of grain crops depending on the intensity of cultivation technology in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, t/ha

Soil cultivation system Level of intensification Increase from complex chemicalization, to control, % extensive
(control) semi-intensive intensive Moldboard (plowing) 2.33 2.74 3.05 31 Combined 2.11 2.76 3.12 45 Flat-cut 2.07 2.71 3.19 54 Minimum 1.85 2.51 2.90 57 NSR _0.5 - 0.22 t/ha

Extensive – no chemicals required;

Semi-intensive – use of herbicides and fertilizers;

Intensive – application of fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides

Pre-sowing treatment of barley seeds. The need for barley seed treatment often arises due to their unsatisfactory phytosanitary condition. The most common pathogens that cause common root rot are fungi of the genusBipolaris sorokiniana Shoem. And Fusarium ssp.

During the research period from 2014 to 2017, the highest biological efficiency against root rot, when taken into account in the tillering phase of barley, was demonstrated by variants with seed treatment with chemical fungicides Scarlet, ME, Magnat Total, KS, Redigo Pro, KS, insectofungicide Tuareg, SME, tank mixture of fungicide Scarlet, ME and insecticide Imidor Pro, KS. At the same time, the degree of damage to the control is low - 13.3%.

By the milky-wax ripeness stage, the damage by root rot without seed treatment increased to an average of 26.1%. The most effective and long-term protection was provided by seed treatment with a tank mixture of Scarlet, ME and Imidor Pro, KS, as well as the complex preparation Tuareg, SME (Table 5).

Table 5 – Efficiency of preparations for pre-sowing treatment of barley seeds against root rot, 2014-2017.

Option Dose of the drug, l/kg/t Epicotyl damage Yield, t/ha
NSR ₀₅ = 0.42 tillering phase milky ripeness R B.E. R B.E. 1. Control - 13.3 - 26.1 - 3.25 2. Vitaplan, SP 0.04 8.5 38.4 21.8 16.5 3.15 3. Scarlett, ME 0.35 4.6 66.7 19.6 24.9 3.13 4. Scarlet, ME + Vitaplan, SP 0.35 7.9 42.8 17.9 31.4 3.26 5. Scarlet, ME + Imidor Pro, KS 0.35+1.0 5.8 58.0 13.9 46.7 3.46 6. Inshur Perform, KS 0.55 9.5 31.2 19.6 24.9 3.38 7. Magnat Total, KS 0.9 4.8 65.2 18.7 28.4 3.28 8. Redigo Pro, KS 0.45 6.1 55.8 19.0 27.2 3.43 9. Tuareg, SME 1,2 6.2 55.1 16.8 35.6 3.59

R – development of infection;

B.E. – biological effectiveness.

Research has shown that the use of only fungicidal seed treatments does not always lead to a significant increase in barley grain yield. Among the studied protection options, a high tendency for its increase to control was provided by fungicide Redigo Pro, KS - 0.18 t/ha. The tank mixture of the fungicide Scarlet, ME and the insecticide Imidor Pro, KS at an imidacloprid dose of 200 g/t of seeds had a greater effect on the yield. The maximum increase in grain yield was provided by the complex preparation Tuareg, SME - 0.34 t/ha, where the imidacloprid dose was 336 g/t of seeds at an average recommended dose of the preparation of 1.2 l/t. In this regard, the increase in grain yield was, respectively, 6.5 and 10.5% of the control level.

Application of mineral fertilizers and foliar feeding. A significant contribution to the formation of crop yield is achieved by optimizing nitrogen-phosphorus nutrition. A reliable increase in yield is ensured by applying ammophos in the fall under subsurface tillage and ammonium nitrate in the spring during sowing, as well as two-fold application of foliar feeding with urea in the tillering and heading phases. Thus, on average, the application of P ₅₂ increased the yield from 3.93 to 4.77 t/ha or by 21% (Table 6). The main application of 1 kg of active ingredient of phosphorus ensured an additional harvest of 14 kg of grain.

Table 6 – Effect of phosphorus, nitrogen mineral fertilizers and foliar feeding with urea on barley grain yield, t/ha

Mineral fertilizers Foliar feeding (WITH) Average by factor phosphorus (A) nitrogen (B) without NP NP A IN P ₀ N ₀ 3.65 3.87 3.93 4.20 N ₃₀ 3.65 4.01 N ₆₀ 4.05 4.33 4.34 R ₅₂ N ₀ 4.53 4.75 4.77 N ₃₀ 4.67 5.06 4.50 N ₆₀ 4.62 5.02 Average, C 4.19 4.50 NSR ₀₅ : for factor A – 0.23; for factor B – 0.31; for factor C – 0.26; for particular differences – 0.62.

An increase in grain yield on spring barley was noted due to the application of nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N ₃₀ up to 4.34, N ₆₀ – up to 4.50 or by 7%, relative to the control variant of 4.20 t/ha. The use of 1 kg of active ingredient of nitrogen gave an additional harvest of 5 kg of grain.

The most significant effects were achieved by the complex application of chemicals. Autumn application of ammophos at 100 kg/ha, pre-sowing application of ammonium nitrate at 100 kg/ha and foliar application of urea (5 and 10 kg/ha) resulted in maximum grain yield of up to 5.06 t/ha, or 39% higher than the control.

According to the factor of foliar nitrogen fertilization with urea at a dose of 5 and 10 kg/ha, respectively, in the tillering and heading phases contributed to an increase in grain yield on average from 4.19 to 4.50 t/ha.

Herbicides . In real practice, agricultural producers often have questions about the strategy for combating bluegrass weeds in barley crops. Some farms, for one reason or another, allow treatment with preparations that have the appropriate registration for spring wheat crops, but do not have such registration for barley. Often the argument here is their similar chemical composition, the difference is only in the concentration of the active substance and antidote.

Since 2022, such a practice has been effectively controlled by the electronic tracking system for pesticides and fertilizers FGIS "Saturn" and violation of the application regulations is suppressed by fines. However, along with this, there are also certain technological aspects. For example, in our experiments, the treatment of barley crops with the graminicide Puma super 100, EC (0.4 l / ha) in the phase of 2-3 leaves of the crop reduced the wet weight of bluegrass weeds to a lesser extent - up to 78.2%. The dosage of the drug 0.6 l / ha more effectively reduced the weight of monocotyledonous species - by 92.0 and 98.9% both in the early and later phases of crop development.

The use of the herbicide Puma Super 7.5, EC with a lower content of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and a higher content of the antidote mefenpyr-diethyl in the 2-3 leaf phase of barley reduced the wet weight of bluegrass weeds by an average of 88.4 and 88.3%, and treatment in the 3-6 leaf phase of the crop - by 98.9 and 99.3% (Table 7).

Table 7 – Efficiency of graminicides in spring barley crops Omskiy 90, 2015-2017.

Herbicides,
(consumption rate kg, l/ha) Total
weeds,
g/ ^m2 Including Reduction in the mass of bluegrass, % of control bluegrass dicotyledons 2-3 barley leaves Control 617.3 530.6 86.7 - Puma super 100, KE (0.4) 308.5 115.7 192.8 78.2 Puma super 100, KE (0.6) 485.1 42.2 442.9 92.0 Puma super 7.5, KE (0.8) 246.0 61.5 184.5 88.4 Puma super 7.5, KE (1.0) 326.8 62.0 264.8 88.3 Puma super 7.5, KE +
Magnum, VDG (0.8 + 0.01) 127.9 89.5 38.4 83.1 3-6 barley leaves Puma super 100, KE (0.4) 271.3 26.2 245.3 95.1 Puma super 100, KE (0.6) 215.6 5.9 209.7 98.9 Puma super 7.5, KE (0.8) 186.6 6.1 180.5 98.9 Puma super 7.5, KE (1.0) 170.9 3.7 167.7 99.3 Puma super 7.5, KE +
Magnum, VDG (0.8 + 0.01) 64.9 37.8 27.1 92.9

Treatment of crops with a tank mixture of Puma Super 7.5 and dicoticide Magnum, VDG (0.01 kg/ha) at a high level reduced the overall weed infestation of crops, with early treatment by 79.3%, with later treatment by 89.5%, the gramicidal effect was slightly lower, respectively, by 5.3 and 6%. In all variants without the use of dicoticides, there was a sharp increase in the mass of dicotyledonous weeds in crops (Table 7).

All variants with the use of herbicides in the experiment mainly had a positive effect on the yield of barley grain. At the same time, with graminicides, the increases were higher - from 0.27 to 0.65 t / ha, in the phase of 3-6 leaves only up to 0.22 t / ha. On average, over 3 years of research, the greatest increase in grain yield was obtained with an earlier treatment with Puma Super 7.5 (0.8 l / ha) - 0.65 t / ha or 46.8% of the control level. Accordingly, when treating barley in the phase of 3-6 leaves, the yield increase in this variant was 0.22 t / ha. According to factor B (crop treatment period), the difference in grain yield averaged 0.28 t / ha in favor of the earlier crop phase (Table 8).

Table 8 – Grain yield (t/ha) of Omskiy 90 barley depending on the herbicides used, treatment period and application rate, 2015-2017.

Herbicides (consumption rate in kg, l/ha),
factor A Processing times, factor B Average by factor A
NSR ₀₅ = 0.06 2-3 barley leaves 3-6 barley leaves 2015 2016 2017 average 2015 2016 2017 average Control 1.70 1.66 0.81 1.39 1.70 1.66 0.81 1.39 1.39 Puma super 100, KE (0.4) 2.22 2.24 1.07 1.84 1.83 1.86 0.93 1.54 1.69 Puma super 100, KE (0.6) 2.16 1.90 0.93 1.66 1.60 1.61 0.74 1.32 1.49 Puma super 7.5,
KE (0.8) 2.30 2.56 1.25 2.04 1.97 1.90 0.95 1.61 1.82 Puma super 7.5,
KE (1.0) 2.13 2.33 1.06 1.84 1.96 2.00 0.86 1.61 1.72 Puma super 7.5,
KE + Magnum, VDG (0.8+0.01) 2.16 1.94 1.10 1.73 1.92 1.85 0.97 1.58 1.66 Average
by factor B NSR ₀₅ = 0.03 2.15 2.16 1.05 - 1.83 1.83 0.87 - -

HSR ₀₅ = 0.42 (for particular differences).

Fungicidal treatment. Research in 2014-2017 showed that the most common and harmful leaf spots on barley crops are: mainly dark brown (causative agentBipolaris sorokinianaShoem.) and mesh (Drechlera teresShoem.). High incidence of these diseases does not occur every year, but in some years they can cause significant damage. For example, the infection development index in 2014 and 2015 under control was higher than EPV (15%), respectively, 19.9 and 18.2% (Table 9).

The maximum biological efficiency index 20 days after treatment of crops in the flag leaf formation phase was demonstrated by the fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE – 83.4 and 81.9%, containing epoxiconazole 62.5 g/l (chemical class triazoles) and pyraclostrobin 62.5 g/l (chemical class strobilurins). Also in 2014, variants with preparations based on triazoles stood out, Impact 500, KS (flutriafol 500 g/l) – 45.7 and Rex S (epoxiconazole 125 g/l) – 39.2%.

In the following 2 years of research, the degree of leaf spot development on barley crops was low, in the control in 2016 – 7.5 and 2017 – 4.1%. Such conditions ensured high biological efficiency of all studied protection options at a level from 48.8 to 100%.

Table 9 – Biological efficiency of fungicides in barley crops, average for 2014-2017.

Option Consumption rate of the preparation, l, kg/ha Development of infection (R) and biological effectiveness (BE) 20 days after fungicide treatment, % Productivity, t/ha HSR ₀₅ = 0.56 2014 2015 2016 2017 R B.E. R B.E. R B.E. R B.E. 1. Control - 19.9 - 18.2 - 7.5 - 4.1 - 3.18 2. Vitaplan + Vitaplan 0.04+
0.04 28.4 0 9.4 48.4 2,3 69.3 1.0 75.6 3.47 3. Rex S, KS 0.7 12.1 39.2 6.8 62.5 1.0 86.7 2.1 48.8 3.51 4. Abacus Ultra, SE 1.5 3.3 83.4 3.3 81.9 2,2 70.7 0,0 100 3.94 5. Rakurs, SK 0.35 17.9 10.1 4.2 76.9 2.0 73.3 0,0 100 3.51 6. Impact 500, KS 0.25 10.8 45.7 5.2 71.4 2.6 65.3 0,0 100 3.54 7. Kolosal Pro, KME 0.35 16.8 15.6 7.0 61.5 2.1 72.0 0,0 100 3.39 8. Duo Title, KKR 0.3 16.8 15.6 4.9 73.1 1,1 85.3 0.7 86.9 3.26

R – development of infection;

B.E. – biological effectiveness.

On average, over the years of research, the maximum yield of barley was provided by treating crops with the fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE, a significant increase was 0.76 t/ha, in the control 3.18 t/ha (NSR ₀₅ = 0.56). Lower indicators were in the variants with the fungicides Rex S, KS, Rakurs, SK and Impact 500, KS, respectively, 0.33 and 0.36 t/ha.

Optimal harvesting time . Harvesting is carried out taking into account the condition of the crops, when the grain is fully ripe and the moisture content is no more than 15%.

The proposed method allows to increase the yield, improve the sowing properties of seeds, and also reduce the contamination of crops, damage to plants by diseases and pests, when growing spring barley in the conditions of the West Siberian region.

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating spring barley in the West Siberian region, including tillage, fertilization, pre-sowing seed treatment, sowing, crop care, harvesting, characterized in that barley is placed in crop rotation after wheat after fallow, the sowing period is May 14-21 with a seeding rate of 4 million viable grains per 1 ha, the main soil cultivation in the autumn period is carried out by a flat-cutting method to a depth of 10-12 cm with the introduction of ammophos 100 kg / ha, and in the spring, moisture is closed with needle harrows to a depth of 4-5 cm with subsequent rolling, before sowing, the seeds are pre-treated with the insectofungicide Tuareg, SME 1.2 l / t, sowing is carried out by a combined unit with simultaneous local application of ammonium nitrate 100 kg / ha in rows, in the phase of 2-3 leaves of barley, the herbicides Puma Super 7.5, EC 0.8 l/ha and Magnum, VDG 0.01 kg/ha in a tank mixture are used, foliar feeding with urea is carried out in the tillering and heading phases, respectively, 5 and 10 kg/ha, and in the phase of flag leaf formation, the crop is treated with the fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE 1.5 l/ha.