RU2799864C1 - Microwave device with a toroidal resonator for defrostation of animals' coloster in continuous mode - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: microwave device for defrosting animal colostrum, used in farms for cattle, horses, camels, goats, etc., for defrosting and warming up animal colostrum. Microwave device with a toroidal resonator for defrosting animal colostrum in continuous mode contains a toroidal resonator 3, consisting of a torus 9 of rectangular cross section and a capacitor part. Inside the resonator, a dielectric round platform 5 is installed coaxially with a diameter equal to the diameter of the resonator and a thickness decreasing towards the center, at the level of the capacitor part. Above the dielectric platform 5 is a rotor 7 with dielectric blades, rotating from the electric drive. In the condenser part, a ceramic cylinder 8 is coaxially mounted on the bottom plate, where the transcendental waveguide with a ball valve 11 is docked through the bottom base of the resonator. On the ring bases of the resonator, the average perimeter of which is a multiple of half the wavelength, there are holes for containers, docked with the corresponding floodgates 1, 10.

EFFECT: increasing the rate of dielectric heating, reducing the number of bacteria, ensuring a high quality of the product while maintaining nutritional value.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The present invention can be used in farms where cattle, horses, camels, goats, etc. are kept. for defrosting and warming up the colostrum of animals.

Before feeding young animals, colostrum is thawed and heated to 38-40°C. This takes a long time. After a slow defrosting process, the nutritional value of colostrum is markedly reduced. To reduce the process time when using microwave energy for thawing, the following data can be given on traditional methods for thawing colostrum. Defrost duration - 2 hours in traditional defrosting machines with a steam-water system, where 6 plastic bottles of 1.5 liters of colostrum are placed. Using an installation with an energy source of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (2450 MHz, wavelength 12.24 cm), it is possible to defrost in 7-10 minutes, i.e. there is a significant reduction in the duration of the process, and therefore, the preservation of the nutritional value of animal colostrum. The depth of penetration of centimeter waves into frozen raw materials decreases during defrosting. For example, at a temperature of minus 10 ° C, it is 3-4 cm, and at a temperature of minus 1 ° C - 1.1-1.5 cm.

With a rational configuration of two docked cavity resonators and the layout of the working elements of the microwave installation, and providing a high electric field strength and the required dose of exposure to raw materials of different aggregate states, a decrease in the duration of defrosting and heating of colostrum is expected, while maintaining nutritional value.

Known microwave installation docked resonators, such as conical and toroidal resonators (patent No. 2752938). It contains resonators with a common perforated base [1]. The toroidal resonator is represented by a capacitor part, separated by a perforated dielectric annular base from the annular part of the resonator.

Advantages. The possibility of providing high electric field strength (EF) in both resonators, electromagnetic safety in continuous operation.

Flaws. Heat treatment of raw materials can only be carried out in crushed form. In a conical resonator, a uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field without dissectors is very difficult.

The innovative idea is that the design of the rectangular toroidal resonator provides movement in the torus at the level of the capacitor part (capacitive gap) of frozen raw materials in plastic bottles inclined with the neck towards the center, along a dielectric round platform with a thickness decreasing towards the center. And the liquid raw material is heated and sterilized at a high electric field intensity in a ceramic cylinder located in the capacitor part, which makes it possible to concentrate the energy of electromagnetic radiation in the raw material.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that it contains a toroidal resonator, consisting of a torus of rectangular cross section and a capacitor part, inside which a dielectric round platform is coaxially installed, with a diameter equal to the diameter of the resonator and a thickness decreasing towards the center, at the level of the capacitive gap,

moreover, a rotor with dielectric blades and an electric drive is located above the dielectric platform,

at the same time, in the condenser part, a ceramic cylinder is coaxially installed on the bottom plate, where the transcendental waveguide with a ball valve is attached,

moreover, on the annular bases of the resonator, the average perimeter of which is a multiple of half the wavelength, there are openings for containers, docked with the corresponding sluice gates.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings:

fig. 1 - spatial image of a microwave unit with a toroidal resonator for defrosting animal colostrum in continuous mode (general view, tilted);

fig. 2 - spatial image of a microwave unit with a toroidal resonator for defrosting animal colostrum in continuous mode (general front view);

fig. 3 - spatial image of a microwave unit with a toroidal resonator for defrosting animal colostrum in continuous mode in section with positions;

fig. 4 - spatial image of a microwave unit with a toroidal resonator for defrosting animal colostrum in a continuous mode (in section, front view);

fig. 5 - spatial image of a microwave unit with a toroidal resonator for defrosting animal colostrum in continuous mode (in section);

fig. 6 - a schematic representation of the process of movement of raw materials in plastic bottles in a microwave unit;

fig. 7 - toroidal resonator with a ceramic cylinder in the condenser part.

Microwave unit with a toroidal resonator for continuous defrosting of animal colostrum contains:

- sluice gate 1;

- compartments of the rotary feeder 2;

- toroidal resonator 3;

- colostrum in a plastic bottle 4;

- dielectric inclined platform 5;

- waveguide, magnetron and fan 6;

- rotor with dielectric blades 7 with electric drive;

- ceramic cylinder 8 in the condenser part of the resonator;

- toroidal part of the resonator 9;

- sluice gate 10;

- ball valve in the transcendental waveguide 11.

The toroidal resonator 3 consists of a torus 9 of rectangular cross section and a capacitor part, inside which a dielectric round platform 5 is installed coaxially, with a diameter equal to that of the resonator and a thickness decreasing towards the center. Above the dielectric inclined platform 5 there is a rotor 7 with dielectric blades and an electric drive.

In the condenser part, a ceramic cylinder 8 is installed coaxially on the bottom plate, where the transcendental waveguide 11 with a ball valve is attached. On the annular upper and lower bases of the resonator 3, the average perimeter of which is a multiple of half the wavelength, there are openings for containers, docked with the corresponding sluice gates 1, 10. They are presented as rotary feeders, where the dimensions of compartments 2 correspond to the dimensions of plastic bottles.

So, the microwave installation with a toroidal resonator is made with a dielectric round platform 5 with a thickness decreasing towards the center in the toroidal part. The platform is designed to move colostrum frozen in plastic bottles. The open part of the bottle is directed to the condenser part. As the layer-by-layer defrosting of raw materials in the toroidal part, i.e. during the phase transition from a frozen state to a liquid state. The thawed raw material flows into the ceramic cylinder 8. It allows you to concentrate the energy of the electromagnetic field in the (EMF) liquid raw material. In the condenser part of the resonator, a high-intensity electric field is excited, which makes it possible to sharply increase the rate of dielectric heating, reduce bacterial contamination, while maintaining the feed value of raw materials.

In a toroidal resonator, a resonance phenomenon occurs, in which, due to boundary conditions, oscillations in the form of a traveling and standing wave are possible at certain wavelengths.

Lenses are used to focus electromagnetic fields; in this design, a ceramic container is proposed, which allows concentrating the electromagnetic field and performing the function of a storage container for thawed raw materials. Ceramics has low losses, the dielectric loss tangent is only 10 ^-3 . In a toroidal resonator, the role of a lumped capacitance is played by a flat gap in the center of the resonator, where a ceramic capacitance is placed, and the role of a lumped inductance is played by a toroidal surface. For engineering practice, the main type of oscillation is of greatest interest, when the electric field is mainly concentrated in the central part of the resonator (capacitor part), and the magnetic field in the toroidal part. If plastic bottles with frozen raw materials are located at the level of the capacitor part, dielectric heating occurs at a dose that differs from the dose of exposure to EMSHF in the capacitor part. The raw material is thawed and flows into a ceramic container located in the condenser part of the resonator, where the electric field strength is much higher and depends on the capacitive gap. The ceramic container contributes to the concentration of EMF in the raw material.

The technological process of defrosting and warming up the colostrum of animals occurs as follows.

Close the ball valve 11. Turn on the electric drive of the rotor with dielectric blades 7. Turn on the electric drive of the sluice gate 1. Load the bottles with frozen raw materials into compartments 2 with the lid open towards the center of the resonator. As soon as bottle 4 is in the resonator at an angle and begins to move in the toroidal part of the resonator at the level of the capacitive gap, turn on the generators (magnetrons 6) at a certain power. The dose of exposure to EMSHF is such that in one revolution the entire volume of frozen raw materials is thawed and flows into a ceramic container. Here, thawed colostrum is heated to 38-40°C, disinfected due to the high electric field strength. The ceramic side surface of the cylindrical container 8 contributes to the concentration of EMF, reduces losses, and, consequently, increases the intrinsic quality factor of the resonator (installation efficiency). Open the ball valve 11 and drain the finished product for calf feeding. Due to the fact that the dielectric platform has a hole above the sluice 10, empty bottles fall through the holes on the dielectric platform and on the lower base of the resonator into the compartments of the sluice 10.

Sluice gates 1, 10 provide electromagnetic safety during operation of the installation in continuous mode. At the end of the process of preparing colostrum for feeding, turn off the generators 6, stop the electric drives of the bladed rotor, sluice valves 1, 10 of the rotor, rinse the ceramic container, to do this, fill in the detergent with a hose and drain through the transcendental waveguide with the ball valve 11 open.

The short duration of the transition from the frozen state of aggregation to the liquid state ensures the high quality of the product while maintaining the nutritional value. The speed of movement of plastic bottles 4 depends on the power of the generators and on the volume of raw materials in the resonator.

Information sources

1. Patent No. 2752938 of the Russian Federation, ΜPK A47J 39/00. Two-module continuous-flow microwave unit for defrosting and heating cow colostrum / G.V. Novikova, M.V. Prosviryakova, O.V. Mikhailova, I.G. Ershova, D.A. Tarakanov, A.A. Tikhonov; applicant and patent holder NGIEU. No. 2020141711; dec. 12/17/2020; publ. 08/11/2021. Bull. No. 23.

Claims (4)

Microwave unit with a toroidal resonator for defrosting animal colostrum in continuous mode, containing a toroidal resonator consisting of a torus of rectangular cross section and a capacitor part, inside of which a dielectric round platform with a diameter equal to the diameter of the resonator and a thickness decreasing towards the center, at the level of the capacitive gap, is coaxially installed, moreover, a rotor with dielectric blades and an electric drive is located above the dielectric platform, at the same time, in the condenser part, a ceramic cylinder is coaxially installed on the bottom plate, where the transcendental waveguide with a ball valve is attached, moreover, on the annular bases of the resonator, the average perimeter of which is a multiple of half the wavelength, there are openings for containers, docked with the corresponding sluice gates.