RU2818737C1 - Microwave unit with toroidal resonator for thermal treatment of ruminant animal offal organs covered with mucous membrane in continuous mode - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used in farms for thermal treatment of by-products covered with mucous membrane in continuous mode. Microwave installation with a toroidal resonator contains vertically aligned non-ferromagnetic cylinders 2, 9, 8. Between non-ferromagnetic perforated lower base of inner cylinder 8 and non-ferromagnetic lower inclined base 12 of outer cylinder 9 forms the capacitor part of the toroidal resonator, where ceramic perforated oval disc 10 is located at an angle. On the inner side of the upper non-ferromagnetic base 2 of outer cylinder non-ferromagnetic corona needles 4 are installed, and under them are radially fixed electric gas-discharge lamps 5, powered from sources of supratonal frequency. Instead of the upper base of the internal non-ferromagnetic perforated electrically driven cylinder 8, electrically driven fluoroplastic disc 6 with radial openings 7 is installed, diameter smaller than that of outer cylinder 9. Gap between upper non-ferromagnetic base 2 of outer cylinder 9 and the shell of the inner non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 is not more than a quarter of wavelength (3.06 cm). Fluoroplastic disc 6 with radial openings 7 and internal non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 are rigidly attached to the fluoroplastic shaft from the electric drive. Diameter of holes of perforation of cylinder 8 is more (6-7 mm) than diameter of holes of perforation of ceramic oval disc 10 (1.5-2 cm). Out-of-limit waveguides 15, 14 with ball valves are attached to the side surface of external non-ferromagnetic cylinder 9 and to its lower inclined base 12, respectively. To lower inclined base 12 of external non-ferromagnetic cylinder 9 rigidly, close to the shell of internal non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8, a knife from stainless steel is attached. Along the perimeter on upper non-ferromagnetic base 2 and along the perimeter of the side surface of the external non-ferromagnetic cylinder, at the level of capacitor part 16 of the toroidal resonator, with shift of 120 degrees, there are waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons. Non-ferromagnetic loading tank 1 with a gate, where non-ferromagnetic electrically driven spiral auger 18 is located, is installed on the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, above the level of fluoroplastic disc 6 with radial openings 7.

EFFECT: disinfection and neutralization of unpleasant smell with preservation of fodder value and provision of electromagnetic safety.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used on farms for heat treatment of mucous by-products of ruminant animals in a continuous mode.

There is equipment for heat treatment of fatty raw materials, namely: devices operating by direct contact method (with a bubbler and stirrer, brush and centrifugal grinders, autoclaves, etc.); devices operating using the method of indirect contact [1].

The disadvantage is that the devices operate in cyclic mode.

The AVZh-245 grinder-melter is known; its main working parts are an electrically driven perforated cylindrical drum in the housing and knives (movable and stationary) [2, p. 260]. The raw material is crushed in the drum, pressed into the hole of the drum under the influence of centrifugal force, trimmed with knives and enters an annular volume where live steam is supplied. The disadvantage is that when raw materials come into direct contact with live steam, the nutritional value of the product deteriorates. The processes of processing secondary biological raw materials using the above-mentioned devices are energy-intensive and involve the consumption of large amounts of electricity, steam and water. They are not designed for use on farms.

A known microwave oil melter with an ellipsoidal resonator and a sluice gate operating in continuous mode [3, patent No. 2797259]. A dielectric bladed electric drive rotor is coaxially installed inside the resonator. Instead of the bottom surface of the resonator, a fine-mesh non-ferromagnetic grid is installed. Ceramic mirrors are installed on the inner surface of the resonator. The equipment ensures high intensity of the heat treatment process and oil disinfection at reduced operating costs. Disadvantages: it cannot be used for rendering fat from recycled fat-containing raw materials due to the lack of a grinding mechanism and components that neutralize unpleasant odors.

A scientific problem is the low energy efficiency of existing equipment for heat treatment of secondary raw materials on farms.

The goal is to develop a microwave installation for heat treatment with disinfection and neutralization of the unpleasant odor of mucous by-products of ruminant animals, while maintaining the nutritional value of the finished product at reduced operating costs and ensuring electromagnetic safety in farm conditions.

The technical task is to develop a design for a microwave installation with a toroidal resonator and sources of electrophysical parameters for heat treatment of mucous by-products of ruminant animals in a continuous mode.

To achieve the stated technical solution , a microwave installation with a toroidal resonator for heat treatment of mucous by-products of ruminant animals in continuous mode (Fig. 1− 6) contains

vertically, coaxially located non-ferromagnetic cylinders, so that between the non-ferromagnetic perforated lower base of the inner cylinder and the non-ferromagnetic lower inclined base of the outer cylinder, a capacitor part of a toroidal resonator is formed, where a ceramic perforated oval disk is located at an angle,

Moreover, non-ferromagnetic corona needles are installed on the inner side of the upper non-ferromagnetic base of the outer cylinder, and electric gas-discharge lamps powered from supra-tonal frequency sources are radially attached under them,

in this case, instead of the upper base of the internal non-ferromagnetic perforated electric cylinder, an electric fluoroplastic disk with radial windows is installed, with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder,

wherein the gap between the upper non-ferromagnetic base of the outer cylinder and the shell of the internal non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder is not more than a quarter of the wavelength

and a fluoroplastic disk with radial windows and an internal non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder, with a hole diameter larger than the diameter of the holes of a ceramic perforated oval disk, are rigidly attached to the fluoroplastic shaft from an electric drive,

wherein the first transient waveguide containing a ball valve is docked to the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, at the level of the ceramic inclined oval disk, and the second transient waveguide with a ball valve is attached to its lower base,

moreover, a stainless steel knife is rigidly attached to the lower inclined base of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, close to the shell of the inner non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder,

and along the perimeter on the upper non-ferromagnetic base with emitters from magnetrons directed into the electric drive cylinder, and along the perimeter of the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, at the level of the capacitor part of the toroidal resonator, waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons are installed with a shift of 120 degrees,

Moreover, a non-ferromagnetic loading container with a valve, where a non-ferromagnetic electric-driven spiral screw is located, is installed on the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, above the level of a fluoroplastic disk with radial windows.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

1) schematic representation of a microwave installation with a toroidal resonator for heat treatment of mucous by-products of ruminant animals in continuous mode (Fig. 1);

2) spatial images:

- Microwave installations with a toroidal resonator for heat treatment of mucous by-products of ruminant animals in a continuous mode, general cross-sectional view, with positions (Fig. 2);

- an internal non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder with an upper fluoroplastic disk with radially arranged windows (Fig. 3);

- a non-ferromagnetic toroidal resonator with an internal non-ferromagnetic perforated cylindrical resonator (Fig. 4);

- ceramic perforated oval disk (Fig. 5);

- non-ferromagnetic corona needles (Fig. 6);

- arrangement of electric gas-discharge lamps for bactericidal flow of UV rays with sources of supra-tonal frequency (Fig. 7);

- non-ferromagnetic spiral screw (Fig. 8).

A microwave installation with a toroidal resonator for heat treatment of mucous by-products of ruminant animals in continuous mode (Fig. 1− 8) contains:

- non-ferromagnetic loading container 1;

- non-ferromagnetic upper base of the outer cylinder 2;

- magnetrons 3 with waveguides and fans on the upper base of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, the emitters of which are directed into the inner electric drive cylinder;

- non-ferromagnetic corona needles 4;

- electric gas-discharge lamps 5 for bactericidal flow of UV rays with sources of supra-tonal frequency;

- fluoroplastic disk 6 with radially located windows 7 for loading raw materials;

- internal non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 without an upper base;

- external non-ferromagnetic cylinder 9;

- ceramic perforated oval disk 10;

- magnetrons 11 with waveguides and fans on the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 9, the emitters of which are directed into the capacitor part of the toroidal resonator;

- non-ferromagnetic inclined base 12 of the outer cylinder 9;

- fluoroplastic shaft 13 for driving the internal non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 with fluoroplastic disk 6;

- extreme waveguides 14, 15 with ball valves for removing fat and greaves, respectively;

- capacitor part 16 of the toroidal resonator;

- a knife 17 made of stainless steel, rigidly attached to the lower base 12 of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 9;

- non-ferromagnetic electric driven spiral screw 18.

A microwave installation with a toroidal resonator for heat treatment of mucous by-products of ruminant animals in a continuous mode (Fig. 1 - 8) contains vertically, coaxially located non-ferromagnetic cylinders 2, 9, 8. They are located so that between the perforated lower base of the internal non-ferromagnetic electric drive cylinder 8 and the non-ferromagnetic The lower inclined base 12 of the outer cylinder 9 forms the capacitor part 16 of the toroidal resonator, where a ceramic perforated oval disk 10 is located at an angle. Moreover, along the perimeter on the inside of the upper non-ferromagnetic base 2 of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 9, non-ferromagnetic corona needles 4 are installed, and under them electric gas discharge needles are radially fixed lamps 5 of a bactericidal stream of ultraviolet rays, powered from supratonal frequency sources (110 kHz). In this case, instead of the upper base of the internal non-ferromagnetic perforated electrically driven cylinder 8, an electrically driven fluoroplastic disk 6 is installed with radial windows 7 around the perimeter, with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the outer cylinder 9. Moreover, the gap between the upper base 2 of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 9 and the shell of the internal non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 no more than a quarter wavelength (3.06 cm). The following are rigidly attached to the fluoroplastic shaft from the electric drive: a fluoroplastic disk 6 with radial windows 7 and an internal non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8. The diameter of the perforation holes of the internal non-ferromagnetic cylinder 8 is larger (6-7 mm) than the diameter of the perforation holes of the ceramic oval disk 10 (1.5- 2 cm). Outer waveguides 15, 14 with ball valves are attached to the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 9 and to its lower inclined base 12, respectively. A stainless steel knife is rigidly attached to the lower inclined base 12 of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 9, close to the shell of the inner non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8. Along the perimeter on the upper base 2 of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 9 with a shift of 120 degrees, waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons 3 are installed so that the emitters are directed into the internal non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8. And along the perimeter of the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 9, at the level of the capacitor part 16 of the toroidal Air-cooled magnetrons 11 are installed in the resonator with a shift of 120 degrees.

A non-ferromagnetic loading container 1 with a valve is installed on the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 9, where a non-ferromagnetic electric-driven spiral screw 18 is located, above the level of a fluoroplastic disk 6 with radial windows 7.

The technological process occurs as follows . Load pre-crushed mucous by-products of ruminants into non-ferromagnetic loading container 1 with the non-ferromagnetic valve closed. Turn on the electric drive (fluoroplastic shaft 13 is indicated), after which the non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 and fluoroplastic disk 6 with radial windows 7 begin to rotate. Next, turn on the electric drive of the spiral auger 17, which, after opening the non-ferromagnetic valve, begins to evenly load crushed mucous by-products of ruminant animals through the radial windows 7 into the internal non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 as it rotates. Radial windows ensure uniform loading of raw materials, eliminating imbalance of the rotating non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8. Next, turn on the air-cooled magnetrons 3, 11 both on the upper base (3) and on the side surface (11) of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 9. In the internal non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8 (cylindrical perforated resonator) and in the toroidal resonator (between two cylinders 2.9 and 8) an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMHF, frequency 2450 MHz, wavelength 12.24 cm, wave penetration depth 2-11 cm, depending on the type of raw material) is excited . Moreover, a standing wave is excited in the cylindrical perforated resonator 8, and a traveling wave field is excited in the toroidal resonator. Next, turn on the sources of supra-tonal frequency, after which the electric gas-discharge lamps 5 of the bactericidal flow of UV rays light up. They burn more powerfully in microwave emfs. A corona discharge occurs between the lamps 5 and the corona non-ferromagnetic needles 4, and ozonation of the air occurs.

In a cylindrical perforated electrically driven resonator 8, crushed raw materials in a suspended state are heated due to polarization currents, after which fat and greaves are thrown to its perforated surface due to centrifugal force, pressed into the perforation hole, and trimmed with a non-ferromagnetic knife 17. Fat and greaves enter the condenser part 16 toroidal resonator, where the electric field strength is high (1.2-5 kV/cm), depending on the size of the gap between the lower bases of the non-ferromagnetic cylinders 8, 9. The complex effect of EMHF high electric field strength, the bactericidal flow of UV rays and ozone ensures product disinfection (fat and greaves). The melted fat flows out through the perforation of the ceramic oval disk 10, then flows along the inclined surface of the base 12 of the non-ferromagnetic cylinder to the transient waveguide 14. By opening the ball valve, you can drain the fat into the receiving container. The greak moves along the surface of a ceramic perforated oval disk 10, installed at a certain angle of inclination, allowing the greak to roll down to the outer waveguide 15 with the corresponding ball valve. At the same time, the transcendental waveguides 14, 15 limit electromagnetic radiation, ensuring electromagnetic safety for operating personnel.

The microwave installation implements two features of microwave emf propagation.

First feature. It is known that the non-ferromagnetic cylindrical perforated electrically driven resonator 8 has a special property, namely there is no requirement for contact between the side surface and the non-ferromagnetic base 2 [4]. The magnetic field lines are directed in such a way that only currents flowing around the circumference of the cylinder are excited in the walls of a non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator. Due to this property, a gap may exist between the non-ferromagnetic upper base 2 of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder 9 and the side surface of the inner non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder 8. This property makes it possible to place in a gap of no more than a quarter of the wavelength a fluoroplastic disk 6 with radial windows, electric gas-discharge lamps 4 and corona needles 4. i.e. in the internal non-ferromagnetic perforated resonator, if the emitters from the magnetrons 3 are directed inward, the microwave emitter is excited.

Second feature . In the microwave installation, two non-ferromagnetic resonators are coupled to operate in a continuous mode with a uniform distribution of electromagnetic fields of a standing wave (in the internal cylindrical resonator) and a traveling wave in a toroidal resonator, where there is high tension in the capacitor part. Moreover, the ceramic perforated oval disk 10 concentrates the energy of the electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency, the electric field strength on its surface becomes higher, sufficient to disinfect the product (fat and greaves).

This arrangement of resonators reduces the overall dimensions of the installation.

Information sources

1. Ivashov V.I. Technological equipment of meat industry enterprises. Part 1. Equipment for slaughter and primary processing. − M.: Kolos, 2001. – 552 p. (p. 323).

2. Technological equipment for food production / ed. B. M. Azarova. – M.: Agropromizdat, 1988. – 463 p. (p. 260).

3. Patent No. 2797259 RF, IPC A47j29/06. Continuous-flow microwave oil melter with an ellipsoidal resonator. Novikova G.V., Mezhenina E.I., Tikhonov A.A., Basonov O.A., Prosviryakova M.V., Mikhailova O.V./ applicant and patent holder of the National State Agricultural Academy (RU). No. 2022124278. Bulletin. No. 16 dated 06/01/2023.

4. Strekalov A.V., Strekalov Yu.A. Electromagnetic fields and waves. – M.: RIOR; INFRA-M, 2014. − 375 p.

Claims (10)

A microwave installation with a toroidal resonator for heat treatment of mucous by-products of ruminant animals in a continuous mode contains vertically, coaxially located non-ferromagnetic cylinders so that between the non-ferromagnetic perforated lower base of the inner cylinder and the non-ferromagnetic lower inclined base of the outer cylinder a capacitor part of a toroidal resonator is formed, where a ceramic perforated oval disk is located at an angle, Moreover, non-ferromagnetic corona needles are installed along the perimeter on the inner side of the upper base of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, and electric gas-discharge lamps powered from supra-tonal frequency sources are radially attached under them, in this case, instead of the upper base of the internal non-ferromagnetic perforated electric cylinder, an electric fluoroplastic disk with radial windows is installed, with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, wherein the gap between the upper base of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder and the shell of the inner non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder is not more than a quarter of the wavelength, and a fluoroplastic disk with radial windows and an internal non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder, with a hole diameter larger than the diameter of the holes of a ceramic perforated inclined oval disk, are rigidly attached to the fluoroplastic shaft from an electric drive, wherein the first transient waveguide containing a ball valve is docked to the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, at the level of a ceramic inclined oval disk, and the second transient waveguide with a ball valve is attached to its lower base, moreover, a stainless steel knife is rigidly attached to the lower inclined base of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, close to the shell of the inner non-ferromagnetic perforated cylinder, and along the perimeter on the upper non-ferromagnetic base, with emitters from magnetrons directed into the electric drive cylinder and along the perimeter of the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, at the level of the capacitor part of the toroidal resonator, waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons are installed with a shift of 120 degrees, wherein the non-ferromagnetic loading container with a valve, where the non-ferromagnetic electric-driven spiral screw is located, is installed to the side surface of the outer non-ferromagnetic cylinder, above the level of the fluoroplastic disk with radial windows.