RU2780835C1 - Microwave unit with coaxially coupled cylindrical and coaxial resonators for defrosting and heating animal colostrum - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: farms.

SUBSTANCE: proposed invention can be used in farms where cattle, horses, camels, goats, etc. are kept, for defrosting and warming up the colostrum of animals. A microwave unit with coaxially coupled cylindrical and coaxial resonators for defrosting and heating animal colostrum in a vertical plane contains a perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 3 coaxially located in a coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator 6 and a hammer crusher 4, 5, 9. The hammer crusher is presented from tiered biconvex ceramic disks 4 on the dielectric shaft 9 and dielectric hammers 5, hinged. The lower annular base 7 of the coaxial resonator 6 is perforated, and a non-ferromagnetic conical receiving tank 10 with a ball valve 11 is installed under it, and a non-ferromagnetic loading tank 13 with a shutter is attached to the upper base of the cylindrical perforated resonator 3. Air-cooled magnetrons 1, 12 are attached through waveguides to the side surfaces of both resonators 3, 6 with a shift of 120 degrees. The diameter of the perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 3 and the average perimeter of the coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator 6 are multiples of half the wavelength.

EFFECT: invention ensures the preservation of the nutritional value of animal colostrum by reducing the duration of the technological process of defrosting and warming up.

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Description

The present invention relates to the agro-industrial complex and can be used in farms where cattle, horses, camels, goats, etc. are kept for defrosting and warming up the colostrum of animals.

In all known microwave devices [1-4], frozen raw materials are transported through a cavity resonator either using containers, if in plastic bottles, or in crushed form using a mixing mechanism.

The installations implement a scientific innovative idea - the use of dual resonators designed for different aggregate states of animal colostrum, which have significant differences in electrophysical and thermophysical parameters during its defrosting and heating.

The aim of the work is to preserve the nutritional value of animal colostrum by reducing the duration of the technological process of defrosting and heating by developing a continuous-flow microwave installation with resonators that provide exposure to an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency in the process of crushing frozen briquettes of raw materials and separation, when the state of aggregation of animal colostrum changes, for defrosting and heating.

One resonator is designed for defrosting from minus 15 ^o C to 0, the other resonator - for heating up to 38-40 ^o C. Dual resonators should separate the raw material at a temperature equal to the phase transformation temperature.

Known crushing and screening plant [5, p. 490], where the crushing of greaves is carried out with hammers hinged on the disks of the vertical shaft. The shaft is mounted in two bearing supports and is connected to the motor shaft by a coupling.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a microwave unit for defrosting and heating animal colostrum, containing a coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator coaxially docked with it in a vertical plane, a perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator, located in a coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator with a hammer crusher, including biconvex ceramic disks arranged in tiers on a dielectric shaft and hinged dielectric hammers, while the coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator has a perforated lower annular base, under which a non-ferromagnetic conical receiving container with a ball valve is installed, and the non-ferromagnetic loading container has a shutter and is docked to the upper base of the perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator, and to the side surfaces of both resonators with by a shift of 120 degrees, air-cooled magnetrons are attached through the waveguides, the diameter of perforated non-ferromagnet long cylindrical resonator and the average perimeter of the coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator are multiples of half the wavelength.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings:

fig. 1 - spatial image of a microwave unit with coaxially joined cylindrical and coaxial resonators for defrosting and heating animal colostrum (general view);

fig. 2 - schematic representation of a microwave unit with coaxially coupled cylindrical and coaxial resonators for defrosting and heating animal colostrum;

fig. 3 – spatial image of a microwave unit with coaxially coupled cylindrical and coaxial resonators for defrosting and heating animal colostrum (in section with positions);

fig. 4 - spatial image of a hammer crusher.

Microwave installation with coaxially joined cylindrical and coaxial resonators for defrosting and heating animal colostrum (Fig. 3) contains:

- magnetrons 1 on the surface of a perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator;

- electric drive of 2 hammer crushers;

- perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 3;

- biconvex ceramic discs 4;

- dielectric hammers 5;

- coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator 6;

- perforated non-ferromagnetic ring base 7 of the coaxial resonator;

- solid non-ferromagnetic base 8 perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 3;

- dielectric shaft on bearings 9;

- a conical receiving container 10 made of non-ferromagnetic material;

- ball valve 11;

- magnetrons 12 air cooling on the surface of the coaxial resonator;

- loading capacity 13 of non-ferromagnetic material with a damper.

Microwave installation (Fig. 1-4) with coaxially docked cylindrical and coaxial resonators for defrosting and heating the colostrum of animals in a vertical plane contains a perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 3 and a hammer mill 4, 5, 9 coaxially located in a coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator 6 and a hammer mill 4, 5, 9. of tiered biconvex ceramic disks 4 on a dielectric shaft 9, and dielectric hammers 5, hinged. The lower annular base 7 of the coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator 6 is perforated, and a non-ferromagnetic conical receiving container 10 with a ball valve 11 is installed under it, and the non-ferromagnetic loading container 13 with a shutter is attached to the upper base of the perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 3. Air-cooled magnetrons 1, 12 are attached through waveguides to the side surfaces of both resonators 3, 6 with a shift of 120 degrees. The perforated cylinder 3 simultaneously serves as the inner cylinder for the coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator. The average perimeter of the coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator 6 and the diameter of the perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 3 are multiples of half the wavelength (wavelength 12.24 cm).

The use of ceramic biconvex discs 4 (dielectric constant 5.2) as part of a perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator makes it possible to maintain free electromagnetic oscillations of various types that satisfy the conditions of total internal reflection (low radiation losses). Ceramics has low thermal losses, since the dielectric loss tangent is only 3∙10 ^-3 , therefore, the intrinsic quality factor of a cylindrical perforated resonator with ceramic discs is higher than without ceramic discs. Incident and reflected waves are focused in certain places, depending on the location of the emitters, the bulge of the disk. The concentration of EMSHF energy in the volume of the resonator and the reduction of radiation losses is achieved through the use of biconvex ceramic disks [6].

The principle of operation of the dielectric hammer crusher 4, 5 consists in the destruction of frozen briquettes by the impact of rapidly rotating working bodies-hammers, the impact of pieces of briquettes thrown by the hammers 5 against the perforated surface of the cylindrical resonator 3 and the abrasion of the raw material against the surface [7, p. 374]. The incoming frozen colostrum briquettes in the zone of rotation of the hammers are destroyed by their impact. In this case, the speed of the hammers and the structural and mechanical properties of the frozen raw materials, the angle of the meeting of the working surface of the hammer with the frozen raw materials are of primary importance. The circumferential speed of the hammers is within 50-100 m/s, depending on the size of the briquettes of frozen raw materials. The raw material is subjected to repeated impact, then as a result of the rotation of the hammers and the air flow created by the ceramic discs, the particles of the raw material are involved in rotational motion, which leads to abrasion on the surface of the perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator. The degree of crushing of briquettes and the rate of change in the aggregate state of colostrum depends on the dose of exposure to EMSHF, on the circumferential speed of the hammers, and their number. Hammer crushers have small dimensions and high productivity.

The technological process of defrosting and heating the colostrum of animals in a microwave unit is as follows. Frozen briquettes less than a quarter of the wavelength (3 cm) of the wave are loaded into the loading tank 13, at the bottom of which there is a hole closed by a damper, the diameter of which is not more than a quarter of the wavelength (3.08 cm). Close the ball valve 11 and turn on the electric drive 2 of the hammer crusher 4, 5. Open the shutter in the loading tank 13 and turn on the microwave generators (magnetrons 1). In a perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator, an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMSHF, 2450 MHz, wavelength 12.24 cm) is excited. When the damper is opened, the frozen briquettes fall into the perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator 3, since the installation vibrates at high speeds of the hammer crusher. The raw material is endogenously heated in the process of passing through the crushing zone, and the thawed raw material is ejected by centrifugal forces through the perforated side surface of the cylindrical resonator 3 into the coaxial resonator 6, where the EMSHF has already been excited by means of generators 12. The liquid raw material in the atomized state in the coaxial resonator is heated to a temperature of 38-40 ^o C much faster than in the liquid state. The viscosity of the heated raw material with a fat content of 6.4-7% decreases, and the liquid flows through the perforation of the annular base 7 of the coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator 6 and accumulates in the receiving tank 10. By opening the ball valve 11, it is possible to drain the heated product into the tank for drinking calves.

The microwave unit operates in continuous mode with electromagnetic safety, since the opening in the loading tank is less than a quarter of the wavelength, a ball valve 11 is installed in the receiving tank. The exposure dose in each resonator is different, it is regulated by changing the generator power and the mass of the raw material loading. During the phase transition from a frozen state to a liquid state, the colostrum will be in a coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator 6.

So, a two-resonator microwave unit makes it possible to implement a method for defrosting and heating colostrum in different doses, depending on its aggregate state of the raw material. At the same time, due to crushing of frozen raw materials, the defrosting process is accelerated with uniform heating of raw materials, which means that the nutritional value of colostrum is preserved.

Sources of information:

1. Patent No. 2694944 RF, IPC А47J39/00. Microwave unit for defrosting cow colostrum / Poruchikov D.V., Vasiliev A.N., Ershova I.G., Novikova G.V., Belova M.V.; applicant and patent holder VIM. No. 2018143727; dec. 12/11/2018, publ. 07/18/2019. Bull. No. 20.

2. Patent No. 2752938 RF, IPC А47J.39/00. Two-module microwave continuous-flow unit for defrosting and heating bovine colostrum / Novikova G.V., Prosviryakova M.V., Mikhailova O.V., Ershova I.G., Tarakanov D.A., Tikhonov A.A.; applicant and patent holder NGIEU (RU). No. 2020141711; dec. 12/17/2020; publ. 08/11/2021. Bull. No. 23.

3. Patent No. 2752941 of the Russian Federation, IPC А47J.39/00. Radiotight multicavity unit for defrosting animal colostrum / Novikova G.V., Prosviryakova M.V., Mikhailova O.V., Ershova I.G., Ziganshin B.G. ., Tarakanov D.A.; applicant and patent holder NGIEU (RU). - No. 2020141715; dec. 09/10/2020; dec. 12/17/2020; publ. 08/11/2021. Bull. No. 23.

4. Patent No. 753424RF, IPC А47J.39/00. Continuous-flow microwave unit with quasi-stationary toroidal resonators for defrosting and heating animal colostrum / Novikova G.V., Storchevoi V.F., Prosviryakova M.V., Mikhailova O.V., Ershova I.G., Tarakanov D. BUT.; applicant and patent holder NGIEU (RU). No. 2021104198; dec. 02/19/2021, publ. 08/16/2021. Bull. No. 9.

5. Ivashov V.I. Technological equipment of meat industry enterprises. Part 1. Equipment for slaughter and primary processing. M.: Kolos, 2001. 552 p.

6. Didenko A.N. Microwave Energy: Theory and Practice. M.: Nauka, 2003. 446 p.

7. Butkovsky V.A., Melnikov E.M. Technology of flour-grinding, cereal and mixed fodder production. M.: Agropromizdat, 1989. 464 p.

Claims (1)

Microwave unit for defrosting and heating animal colostrum, containing a coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator coaxially docked with it in a vertical plane perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator located in a coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator with a hammer crusher, including biconvex ceramic disks arranged in tiers on a dielectric shaft and hinged dielectric hammers, at the same time, the coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator has a perforated lower annular base, under which a non-ferromagnetic conical receiving container with a ball valve is installed, and the non-ferromagnetic loading container has a shutter and is attached to the upper base of the perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator, and to the side surfaces of both resonators with a shift of 120 degrees through waveguides are attached air-cooled magnetrons, the diameter of the perforated non-ferromagnetic cylindrical resonator and the average and the perimeter of a coaxial non-ferromagnetic resonator are multiples of half the wavelength.

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