RU2770628C1 - Microwave-convective continuous-flow hop dryer with a hemispherical resonator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hop farms.SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in hop farms for drying freshly harvested hops while maintaining consumer properties. Microwave-convective continuous-flow hop dryer with a hemispherical resonator contains a hemispherical non-ferromagnetic resonator 2 with a rotary perforated non-ferromagnetic base 5 mounted on support rollers 8 and rotated by an electric drive. The diameter of the rotary base is a multiple of half the wavelength. The hemispherical non-ferromagnetic resonator 2 is docked with the cylindrical part 14 of the hop dryer coaxially, air ducts 6 with an electric heater 7 are attached to its side surface, and the resonator 2 is divided into zones by means of perforated ceramic biconvex baffles 3. At the top of the hemispherical resonator 2 there are air outlets from each zone and a loading hopper 1 Under the bunker there is a dielectric distributor 13 in the form of inclined compartments. Along the perimeter of the resonator on the outside there are waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons 4. Above the rotary perforated non-ferromagnetic base 5, an unloading means 10 is radially installed in the form of a cutter made of a dielectric material, opposite the cutter on the surface of the hemispherical resonator, an unloading window with a receiving container 11 is provided.EFFECT: step-by-step dehydration of freshly harvested hops in a continuous mode with electromagnetic safety, which allows preserving the consumer properties of hops.1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The proposed invention can be used in hop farms for drying freshly harvested hops while maintaining consumer properties.

Known rotary dryer for grain, containing formed by fences and a perforated bottom, made in the form of a rotary platform mounted on supports for rotation in a horizontal plane. A convective coolant was supplied under the platform (Patent No. 654805 of the Russian Federation, IPC F26 15/04. Rotary dryer / G.A. Bibik; application 2017111431 04.04.2017. Published on 05.12.2018) [1]. During convective drying, the heating of raw materials occurs from the surface inward, i.e. the temperature gradient is directed to the surface of the raw material, therefore, thermal conductivity prevents the removal of moisture from the raw material.

When exposed to an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMSHF), endogenous heating of raw materials occurs, based on the phenomenon of polarization. In raw materials, molecular vibrations are associated with the friction of particles among themselves, as a result of which heat is released in the volume of raw materials. The energy spent on polarization is generated in the raw material in the form of heat, the mass of raw materials is heated intensively and evenly (Ginzburg A.S. Calculation and design of drying plants for the food industry. M .: Agropromizdat. 1985. 336 p.) [2, p. 256 ].

The technical task is the development of a three-section hop dryer that provides a phased dehydration of freshly harvested hops by convective-endogenous heat supply.

The objective of the invention is to develop a microwave-convective continuous-flow hop dryer with a hemispherical resonator, which provides gradual dehydration of hops and electromagnetic safety.

innovative idea is that a microwave convective hop dryer with a hemispherical resonator and biconvex ceramic separators will provide a step-by-step dehydration of freshly harvested hops in a continuous mode with electromagnetic safety.

The technical result is achieved the fact that the microwave-convective continuous-flow hop dryer with a hemispherical resonator contains a hemispherical non-ferromagnetic resonator with a rotary perforated non-ferromagnetic base with a diameter that is a multiple of half the wavelength, mounted on support rollers and rotated by an electric drive,

at the same time, the hemispherical resonator is docked coaxially with the cylindrical part of the hop dryer, air ducts with a heater are attached to its side surface,

moreover, the hemispherical non-ferromagnetic resonator is divided into zones using ceramic perforated biconvex partitions, at the top of the hemisphere there are air vents from each zone and a loading hopper, under which a dielectric distributor is installed in the form of obliquely arranged compartments, and along the perimeter of the hemisphere from the outside there are waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons,

at the same time, an unloading means in the form of a dielectric cutter is radially installed above the rotary perforated non-ferromagnetic base, opposite which an unloading window with a receiving container is provided on the surface of the hemisphere.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

- spatial image of a microwave-convective continuous-flow hop dryer with a hemispherical resonator (general view) (Fig. 1);

- spatial image of a microwave-convective continuous-flow hop dryer with a hemispherical resonator (front view in section, with positions) (Fig. 2);

- spatial image of a hemisphere with ceramic perforated biconvex partitions and a distributor (bottom view) (Fig. 3);

- spatial image of a hemisphere with a receiving tank, a loading hopper, air vents and magnetrons (top view) (Fig. 4);

- spatial image of the cylinder with supporting rollers and air ducts from the air heater (Fig. 5);

- spatial image of the rotary perforated base of the hemispherical resonator (Fig. 6);

- a schematic representation of the technological process in a microwave convective hop dryer (Fig. 7);

- spatial image of the dielectric distributor under the loading hopper (Fig. 8).

Microwave-convective continuous-flow hop dryer with a hemispherical resonator contains (Fig. 1-8):

- loading hopper 1 with a damper;

- hemispherical resonator made of non-ferromagnetic material 2;

- ceramic perforated biconvex partitions 3;

- magnetrons with waveguide 4;

- rotary perforated non-ferromagnetic base 5 of the hemispherical resonator 2;

- air ducts 6;

- electric heater 7 for supplying hot air;

- support rollers 8;

- electric drive of rotary non-ferromagnetic base 9;

- cutter 10 made of dielectric material (unloading means);

- receiving container 11;

- humid air vents 12;

- dielectric distributor 13 in the form of oblique compartments 15 (Fig. 3, 8);

- the cylindrical part of the hop dryer 14 (Fig. 5).

Microwave-convective continuous-flow hop dryer (Fig. 1-8) with a hemispherical resonator contains a hemispherical non-ferromagnetic resonator 2 with a rotary perforated base 5 mounted on support rollers 8 and rotated by an electric drive. Rotary perforated base is made with a diameter that is a multiple of half the wavelength (12.24 cm, 2450 MHz.). The hemispherical resonator 2 is docked with the cylindrical part 14 of the hop dryer, coaxially. To the side surface of the cylindrical part 14, air ducts 6 with an electric heater 7 are attached to supply hot air under the perforated non-ferromagnetic base of the hemispherical resonator 2. The hemispherical resonator is divided into zones using ceramic perforated biconvex baffles 3. At the top of the hemispherical resonator 2, air outlets 12 are installed, which remove moist air from each zones and loading hopper 1. Under the hopper 1, a dielectric distributor 13 is installed in the form of inclined compartments 15. This is a unit for uniform distribution of hops on the surface of the perforated base 5 along the radius.

Along the perimeter on the outer side of the hemispherical resonator 2 there are waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons 4. Above the rotary perforated non-ferromagnetic base 5, a means of unloading is radially installed in the form of a cutter 10 made of a dielectric material. Opposite the dielectric cutter 10, on the surface of the hemispherical resonator 2, a window with a receiving capacitance 11 is provided.

Ceramic perforated biconvex partitions 3 allow you to maintain free electromagnetic oscillations of various types, satisfying the boundary conditions of total internal reflection. The dielectric loss tangent of ceramics is very small (0.003), so ceramic partitions have low heat losses. Depending on the degree of convexity of the ceramic perforated partitions 3, the incident and reflected waves can be focused in the required places, thereby providing a high electric field strength sufficient to disinfect hops. Perforation of biconvex ceramic baffles 3 ensures circulation of hot air between the zones. At the same time, these ceramic partitions 3 are divided by a hemispherical resonator into zones, where in each of them it is possible to provide different doses of exposure to an electromagnetic field of microwave frequency in the process of phased dehydration of hops.

The diameter of a hemispherical non-ferromagnetic resonator must be matched to the wavelength, then its size ensures that the frequency spectrum of the multimode electromagnetic field of standing waves excited in it coincides with the frequency spectrum of anomalous dispersions of free and bound moisture in the process of removal from hops [1, p. 264]. The volume of the hemispherical resonator affects not only the performance of the hop dryer, but also its own quality factor.

The technological process of drying freshly harvested hops in a microwave convective hop dryer with a hemispherical resonator is as follows (Fig. 7). Turn on the electric drive 9 of the rotary non-ferromagnetic perforated base 10, after which the base begins to rotate slowly. Turn on the fan and electric heater 7. to a certain capacity and temperature.

Open the damper in the loading hopper 1. After that, the hops enter the dielectric distributor 13 with compartments. Since it (13) is made in the form of inclined compartments 15, freshly harvested hops are evenly distributed along the radius of the perforated non-ferromagnetic base 5 of the hemispherical resonator 2. As hops enter the zones of the hemispherical resonator 2, turn on the corresponding magnetrons 4 with cooling fans (the fans are not shown in the figures). shown). In this case, the hops are scattered evenly along the radius of the rotary perforated non-ferromagnetic base 5 of the hemispherical resonator 2. In each zone of the hemispherical resonator, microwave electromagnetic fields of different doses are excited, as the hops are gradually dehydrated. Specific power as the ratio of the generator power to the mass of hops on the rotary base 5 of the resonator 2 changes in the process of dehydration of the raw material. Freshly harvested hops in the microwave electromagnetic field in each zone are endogenously heated at different rates, internal moisture tends to the hop surface due to the temperature gradient, which is removed by hot air through air vents 12. There is a gradual dehydration of hops with a smooth change in the dose of exposure in the dryer zones.

In each zone of the hemispherical resonator there are sensors for controlling the initial and final temperature and humidity of the hops. The dried hops are unloaded into the receiving tank 11, using a rigidly fixed cutter 10. After the drying process is completed, first turn off the generators and the electric heater. Next, stop the electric motor 9 of the drive of the non-ferromagnetic rotary base 5 of the resonator and, last of all, turn off the fan from the heater and the fans for cooling the magnetrons. Step-by-step drying of hops in zones at different doses of exposure to EMSHF makes it possible to preserve the consumer properties of hops.

Claims (1)

Microwave-convective continuous-flow hop dryer with a hemispherical resonator contains a hemispherical non-ferromagnetic resonator with a rotary perforated non-ferromagnetic base with a diameter multiple of half the wavelength, mounted on support rollers and rotated by an electric drive, while the hemispherical resonator is docked with the cylindrical part of the hop dryer coaxially, to its air ducts with a heater are attached to the side surface, and the hemispherical non-ferromagnetic resonator is divided into zones using perforated ceramic biconvex partitions, air vents from each zone and a loading hopper are installed at the top of the hemisphere, under which a dielectric distributor is installed in the form of inclined compartments, and along the perimeter of the hemisphere from the outside waveguides with air-cooled magnetrons are located, while above the rotary perforated non-ferromagnetic base a means of unloading in the form of die an electric cut-off, opposite which an unloading window with a receiving container is provided on the surface of the hemisphere.

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