RU2651593C1 - Aerodynamic dryer of down and fur raw material with the influence of electromagnetic field of super high frequency - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to agriculture and light industry. Aerodynamic dryer for the down and fur raw material with the action of the ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic field is characterized by the fact that in the cylindrical shielding body 1 with the heating cylinder 2, the non-ferromagnetic diffraction cylinder 3 is coaxially located, the base of which is the annular body 4 of the radial fan 5. In this case, the annular space between the body 1 and the diffraction cylinder 3 is formed by the coaxial resonator, where the radiators from the microwave generators 9 are located uniformly along the perimeter of the side surface of the shielding body 1 from the outside. Impeller with shovels 6 is located inside the annular body 4 of the radial fan 5. Inlet branch pipe 7 of the fan 5 is directed into the inside of the diffraction cylinder 3. Outlet branch pipe 8 is directed into the annular space, where the rules 11 for the sand paper, which are suspended on the carousel hanger 10, are equally spaced. Carousel hanger 10, which is located under the upper base 13 of the shield body 1, rotates from the electric motor 12 that is located on the upper base of the housing in the central part, and the segment planes 14 of the base are fixed to the hinge loops. Insulating cylinder is made of the double-glazed window. Whole unit is fixed by the mounting frame 15.

EFFECT: proposed aerodynamic drier allows to reduce energy consumption, to improve the quality and at the same time to disinfect the down and fur raw materials.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to drying equipment and can be used in agriculture and light industry, for example for drying and disinfecting rabbit skins, etc.

The final procedure for obtaining fur skins is drying. Fat-free and mashed rabbit skins are pulled onto the rules with mazra to the outside, without wrinkles and folds, and dried to a moisture content of 10 ... 17%.

Drying the skin depends on the method chosen. The most common is vacuum drying, in which the skin is laid on a large, flat, hot surface, and another plate presses it on top, which draws water from the material by means of vacuum rarefaction.

Another method is stretch drying. With this method, the skin is fixed on a special framework, and then sent to the drying chamber.

There is drying at room temperature. In this case, the skin canvases are suspended on a chain so that air flows freely on both sides of the skin and moves in a circle inside the drying chamber.

You can also use different types of dryers. The analysis of technologies and technical means shows that aerodynamic chambers require a greater energy consumption; vacuum dryers have high operating costs; dielectric heating is considered one of the best, but requires large energy costs.

Known aerodynamic drying chambers [1]. Drying is carried out under the influence of aerodynamic energy. Heated air circulates in the chamber under the influence of a specifically designed aerodynamic fan. Due to compression, the air in the chamber raises the temperature on a centrifugal fan, specifically on its blades. So aerodynamic losses are converted into thermal energy. The main element of the aerodynamic drying chamber is an aerodynamic rotary heater, which heats the air in the drying chamber and circulates the air, which is the drying agent. The principle of operation of an aerodynamic rotary heater is based on the compression of air on the blades of a rotary fan, which is accompanied by heat generation. For uniform distribution of circulating air inside the chamber along the side wall, screens are installed that form a kind of channel. Slots were left between the screens for air to escape from this channel. The living section of the channel and the width of the slots are designed so that the same amount of air leaves the slots between the screens along the entire length of the chamber. The advantages of aerodynamic drying chambers can be considered: the possibility of implementing a wide range of drying modes, reliability and ease of operation.

A significant disadvantage of aerodynamic drying chambers is their high energy consumption and the duration of the process in relation to convective drying chambers. For example, for drying 1 m ^{3 of} sawn timber to a moisture content of 12%, it is necessary to spend 170 ... 190 kWh of electricity.

Known high-frequency dryer for fur and fur raw materials, which has a drum from the frame compartments, made transparent and mounted on a radiotransparent shaft inside the first drum, made perforated and which is a screen and a low-potential electrode, and is equipped with a high-potential electrode having the shape of a half-disk [2]. The disadvantage of this design is the difficulty of operating a high-frequency generator.

The vacuum dryer operates from convective heating of raw materials and vacuum removal of excess moisture [3]. Temperature condition 65 ° C. But because of the vacuum of 0.09 MPa, moisture boils at 45.5 ° C. This allows you to carry out the drying process without the aggressive effects of high temperatures, which does not create high internal stress, and the raw material does not crack. Installation is difficult to maintain. Undoubtedly, the ideal option is to combine vacuum drying with microwave drying. But at the same time, the wall of the vacuum chamber should be ten times thicker than the wall in the microwave chamber, and this leads to an increase in the metal consumption of the chamber. It is advantageous to use vacuum dielectric chambers where low-temperature drying of raw materials is required by technology.

Known dryer "microwave-forest" [4]. A swirl of air is created inside the chamber. When a high-pressure air stream is fed tangentially to its inner surface into a cylindrical pipe, it moves around the circumference and is pressed against the surface under the action of centrifugal forces. There are sufficiently large friction forces that inhibit the flow and heat it. Therefore, heat is generated on the walls of the chamber and the air layer at the wall heats up. And just lower pressure reigns in the center because centrifugal forces draw air from the central zone. Air velocity inside the chamber up to 3 m / s is achieved by a powerful rotary fan. Reversible fans remove excess moisture from the system. Microwave drying is considered the most effective, but due to the high cost of electricity in Russia, it is little used. This dryer is produced by an engineering company in Investstroy, Moscow. The plant is able to dry a pine beam 200 × 200 mm with a humidity of 50 ... 70% to 18% in 22 hours. The average power consumption of the microwave installation is 58 kW, and the specific cost of electricity for the drying process is 200 ... 230 kW h / m ³ . The cost of the dryer is from 1.3 million rubles. At least once a year, it will be necessary to replace the magnetron, costing from 150,000 rubles (the life of their work is 600 hours). The advantage of microwave installations is the ability to produce quick drying of the material, but the technology is practically unavailable due to the high cost.

One of the promising directions in the intensification of drying of fur-fur raw materials is the use of electromagnetic field energy of superhigh frequencies (microwave). As a result of a rapid increase in the temperature inside the feed, the water vapor pressure rises, that is, an excessive vapor pressure appears inside the feed relative to the pressure of the medium. This gradient of overpressure dramatically intensifies the drying process, since in this case the vapor transfer occurs both by molecular diffusion and by filtration through the pores and capillaries of the feedstock. This type of transfer during microwave heating suppresses other types of transfer. The attractiveness of the use of microwave energy for drying fur and fur raw materials is as follows:

- the ability to allocate power in a unit volume of raw materials that is not available to any of the traditional methods of energy supply;

- the ability to carry out non-contact selective heating and obtain the required temperature distribution in the feedstock, including in self-heating mode;

- the ability to ensure thermal inertia and high accuracy of regulation of heating.

The technological result is aimed at accelerating the process and improving the quality of drying while disinfecting fur and fur raw materials.

The technical result is an aerodynamic dryer of fur materials with exposure to an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency, characterized in that

a non-ferromagnetic diffraction cylinder is coaxially located in a cylindrical shielding case with a warming cylinder, the base of which is an annular radial fan housing, and the annular space between the body and the diffraction cylinder forms a coaxial resonator, where emitters from microwave generators are directed uniformly along the perimeter of the side surface of the shielding case with the outer parties

moreover, an impeller with shovels is located inside the radial fan annular casing, the fan inlet is directed inside the diffraction cylinder,

and the outlet pipe is directed into the annular space, where the rules are evenly located, suspended on a carousel hanger, rotating from an electric motor located on the upper base of the housing, in the central part, and the segmented base planes are fixed with hinge loops, while the insulation cylinder is made of a double-glazed window.

In FIG. 1 shows a spatial image of an aerodynamic dryer of fur-fur raw materials with the influence of an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency:

1 - cylindrical shielding housing;

2 - insulation cylinder made of glass;

3 - diffraction cylinder;

4 - ring case

5 - radial fan,

6 - impeller with blades;

7 - inlet pipe;

8 - output pipe;

9 - microwave generators;

10 - rotary hanger;

11 - rules;

12 - an electric motor shaft for driving a carousel;

13 - the upper base of the shielding housing, divided into segments for placing an electric motor and the formation of opening windows 14;

15 - mounting frame.

in FIG. 2. shows a spatial image of a cylindrical diffraction resonator on an annular body;

in FIG. 3. A spatial image of a shielding enclosure with microwave generators and a platform for mounting an electric carousel rack is provided;

in FIG. 4 shows a spatial image of a cylindrical insulation made of glass;

in FIG. 5 shows a spatial image of the impeller of a radial fan;

in FIG. 6 shows a spatial image of a carousel hanger;

in FIG. 7 shows a spatial image of a segment with hinged loops of the upper base of the shielding housing, to close the boot window;

in FIG. Figure 8 shows the frame (rule) for pulling fur-fur raw materials.

The aerodynamic dryer of fur-fur raw materials with the influence of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency contains (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8): a cylindrical shielding case 1 located in the insulation case 2; diffraction cylinder 3; annular housing 4; radial fan 5; impeller with blades 6; inlet pipe 7; output pipe 8; microwave generators 5; carousel hanger 10; rules 11; an electric motor shaft for driving a carousel hanger 12; the upper base 13 of the shielding housing, divided into segments to accommodate the motor and the formation of opening windows 14; mounting frame 15.

The installation (Fig. 1) is mounted on the mounting frame 15. It contains a cylindrical shielding housing 1 with a warming cylinder 2 from the outside. Inside the shielding case 1, a non-ferromagnetic diffraction cylinder 3 is coaxially located, the base of which is an annular case 4 of a radial fan 5.

The annular space between the shielding housing 1 and the diffraction cylinder 3 forms a coaxial resonator chamber, where the emitters from microwave generators 9 are directed. The generators are located uniformly around the perimeter of the side surface of the shielding housing from the outside.

An impeller 6 is located inside the annular casing 4, forming a radial fan 5. Its inlet pipe 7 is directed towards the diffraction cylinder 3, and the outlet pipe 8 directs air toward the annular space.

On the upper base 13 of the shielding housing 1, in the central part there is a shaft 12 for the drive motor of the carousel 10, and the segmented planes 14 of the base are hinged and serve to close the windows, providing loading rules 11 with fur-fur raw materials.

Carousel hanger 10 is located under the upper base 13 of the shielding housing 1.

The technological process of drying and disinfection of fur and fur raw materials is as follows. This technology is based on the vortex method of dehydration of raw materials under the influence of an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency. Open the covers, i.e. segments of the upper base 14 of the cylindrical shielding case 1. Prepare rules 11 with fur and fur raw materials in advance and hang them on the carousel hanger 10 so that they are evenly located in the coaxial resonator formed between the shielding case 1 and the diffraction cylinder 3. Close the shielding case covers 14. Turn on the electric motor 12 to drive the carousel hanger 10. Then turn on the radial fan 5, the impeller with blades 6 draws air through the inlet pipe 7 and is omerno distributes through the outlet 8 under the annular housing circulating air inside the processing chamber. Above the inlet pipe 8 there are shutters for changing the living cross-sectional area. Aerodynamic rotary heater heats the air in the working chamber. Then turn on the microwave generators 9, which in the coaxial resonator excite the electromagnetic field of the microwave, where the fur-fur raw material is subjected to dielectric heating in swirling heated air. The fur-fur raw material is dried, and the steam is removed through a special pipe located on the upper base of the shielding housing. The fan motor is located on the mounting frame 15 under the lower base of the shielding housing.

The duration of exposure to an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency on the raw material is regulated depending on the type of size of the skins. The use of this aerodynamic installation makes it possible to speed up the drying process of fur and fur raw materials, reduce energy consumption, improve the quality of disinfection. When an ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic field acts on a fur-fur raw material, each elementary particle of the raw material is heated uniformly and selectively depending on their dielectric parameters, which improves the quality of drying. At the same time, while ensuring a high electric field strength in the resonator, microorganisms and skin-eaters are destroyed. Being in an electromagnetic field, fur-fur raw materials are heated to the optimum temperature (no more than 60 ° C), and skin-eaters and their pathogens, in which the loss factor is greater than that of the raw materials, are heated to a lethal temperature and destroyed. This provides a complete disinfection of fur-fur raw materials in comparison with convective drying.

The power control of the aerodynamic rotary heater is carried out by changing the living area of the blinds, i.e. changing the amount of air at the entrance to the rotor fan, and thereby changing the rate of heat generation. The heat generation rate can be controlled by the load of the rotor drive, i.e. the larger the current consumed by the electric motor, the higher the rate of heat generation. The number of microwave generators affects the performance of the dryer.

Information sources

1. lugakamen.ru> ... sushilka_aehrodinamicheskaya.html

2. Patent 2011682 of the Russian Federation, IPC С14В 1/58. Dryer for fur products. / Tsuglenok N.V., Zaitsev V.E., Novikova G.V., Nemkov S.N .; Applicant and patent holder Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. - No. 4907723/12; declared 02/04/1991; publ. 04/30/1994.

3. andreynoak.ru> ... vakuumnaya-sushka-drevesiny-v ...

4. Microwave forest yandex.ru/images

Claims (4)

An aerodynamic dryer of fur and fur raw materials with the influence of an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency is characterized by the fact that in a cylindrical shielding case with a warming cylinder, a non-ferromagnetic diffraction cylinder is coaxially located, the base of which is an annular radial fan case, the annular space between the housing and the diffraction cylinder forms a coaxial resonator, where the emitters from microwave generators are directed, which are located uniformly around the perimeter of the side surface of the shielding housing from the outside, moreover, an impeller with shovels is located inside the radial fan annular casing, the fan inlet pipe is directed inside the diffraction cylinder, and the outlet pipe is directed into the annular space, where the rules are evenly located, suspended on a carousel hanger, rotating from an electric motor located on the upper base of the casing, in the central parts, and the segmented base planes are fixed with hinge loops, while the insulation cylinder is made of glass.

Images