RU2731264C2 - Microwave unit for thermal treatment of defective chicken eggs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to agriculture. Microwave unit for thermal treatment of defective chicken eggs contains vertically mounted truncated bicone 1 on mounting rack. Along it there is non-ferromagnetic plate 7 dividing the volume of the bicone into resonator chamber 6 and pause chamber 5 and providing a duty cycle of the process of less than 0.5. Along the inner side surface of truncated bicone 1 there is dielectric pipe 3 laid in the form of a conic spiral. Pipe diameter is larger than size of eggs, and its ends are moved beyond small bases of truncated bicone 1 on side of pause chamber 5. Non-ferromagnetic plate 7 made as per the form of axial section of bicone 1 has perforations in diameter equal to diameter of out-of-limit waveguides 9, put on dielectric tube from side of pause chamber and attached to non-ferromagnetic plate 7. On side surface of bicone 1 there installed are magnetrons 2 of microwave generators so that radiators are directed into resonator chamber 6, and from side of pause chamber 5 on side surface there is hatch 4 with inspection window on pipe 3.

EFFECT: invention can be used in processing of defective eggs for production of fodder additives.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the processing of substandard eggs for the production of feed additives.

It is known that Russia is the sixth largest egg producer in the world. At the same time, the volume of processed eggs is planned to be increased from 13% to 25%. In the United States, this figure reaches 40%. In order to be competitive, egg producers use all possible measures to reduce the cost of production without deteriorating its quality. The technology of deep processing is used, including: aging for 7 days, washing the eggshell; release from the shell; homogenization, pasteurization (in the production of melange) or drying (in the production of egg powder) [1].

The proportion of contaminated edible eggs can reach up to 20% of the total amount of eggs supplied for processing [2]. The use of egg washing machines leads to rapid deterioration of the eggs during storage, which results in lower cost and profitability of the egg. The use of basic expensive equipment will not allow to reduce the cost of processed substandard eggs, besides, the volume of incoming egg products from abroad is growing.

When using the proposed microwave installation for heat treatment of substandard eggs, it makes no sense to introduce deep processing on farms, the productivity of which is less than 300 million eggs per year.

A cheap microwave technology for heat treatment of substandard eggs (small, with notches, dirt, blood ring) allows you to minimize losses by efficiently selling the product in the production of feed additives.

The known method and mechanized devices for cooking eggs [3, 4]. They use egg transporting devices, which increases the energy consumption for the technological process of heat treatment, and the installations operate in a batch mode.

The technical objective of the invention is the development of a microwave installation that reduces the specific energy consumption for the process of heat treatment and disinfection of substandard eggs in a continuous mode for the production of feed additives

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a truncated bicone is vertically mounted on the mounting rack, along which a non-ferromagnetic plate is located inside, dividing its volume into a resonator chamber and a pause chamber and providing a process duty cycle of less than 0.5,

while along the inner side surface of the truncated bicone, a dielectric pipe is laid, laid in the form of a conical spiral, with a diameter greater than the size of the eggs, and its ends are brought out beyond the small bases of the truncated bicone from the side of the pause chamber,

moreover, the non-ferromagnetic plate, made in the form of the axial section of the bicone, along the perimeter has holes with a diameter equal to the diameter of the out-of-limit waveguides put on the dielectric tube from the side of the pause chamber,

at the same time, magnetrons of microwave generators are installed on the side surface of the truncated bicone so that the emitters are directed into the resonator chamber, and on the side surface of the pause chamber there is a hatch with a viewing window on the pipe.

FIG. 1 shows a spatial image of a microwave installation for heat treatment of substandard chicken eggs (in section): 1 - truncated non-ferromagnetic bicone; 2 - magnetrons from microwave generators; 3 - dielectric pipe, laid in the form of a biconical spiral; 4 - hatch with a viewing window on the pipe; 5 - pause camera; 7 - non-ferromagnetic plate; 6 - resonator chamber; 8 - mounting rack; 9 - prohibitive waveguides.

FIG. 2 shows a spatial image of a truncated bicone (in section) with a dielectric tube in the form of a biconical spiral.

FIG. 3 shows a spatial image of a truncated bicone (in section) with the location of a non-ferromagnetic plate dividing it into resonator chambers and pauses.

FIG. 4 shows a spatial image of a non-ferromagnetic plate in a truncated bicone.

FIG. 5 shows a spatial image of a dielectric pipe.

The installation contains a truncated non-ferromagnetic bicone 1; magnetrons 2 from microwave generators; dielectric pipe 3, laid in the form of a biconical spiral; hatch 4 with a viewing window on pipe 3; pause camera 5; resonator chamber 6; non-ferromagnetic plate 7; mounting rack 8; transcendental waveguides 9.

A truncated non-ferromagnetic bicone 1 is vertically mounted on the mounting post 8. Inside the truncated bicone 1 there is a non-ferromagnetic plate 7. It divides the volume of the truncated bicone into two chambers: a resonator chamber 5 and a pause chamber 6. The non-ferromagnetic plate 7 is made in the form of an axial section of a truncated bicone 1. On the perimeter of the plate 7 has holes with a diameter equal to the diameter of the out-of-limit waveguides 9. Out-of-bounds waveguides 9 (a piece of pipe made of a non-ferromagnetic material, with a length matched to the diameter and frequency of the electromagnetic field) are put on the dielectric pipe 3 from the side of the pause chamber 5 and docked to the non-ferromagnetic plate 7. From the location of the non-ferromagnetic plate 7 relative to the axial section of the truncated bicone 1 depends on the duty cycle of the technological process, that is, the ratio of the duration of heating the eggs to the duration of the cycle (the sum of the duration of heating and pause).

A dielectric pipe 3 is laid along the inner side surface of the truncated bicone 1, laid in the form of a biconical spiral. The diameter of the pipe 3 is larger than the size of the eggs, and its ends are brought out beyond the small bases of the truncated bicone 1 from the side of the pause chamber 5.

Magnetrons 2 of microwave generators are installed on the side surface of the truncated bicone so that the emitters are directed into the resonator chamber 6, and from the side of the pause chamber 5 on the side surface of the truncated bicone there is a hatch 4 with a viewing window on the pipe 3.

The technological process is as follows.

Turn on the conveyor for feeding eggs into the dielectric pipe 3, for this the beginning of the pipe is brought out through the upper small base of the truncated bicone 1 from the side of the pause chamber 5. Then turn on the microwave generators, the magnetrons 2 of which are located on the side surface of the truncated bicone, and the emitters are directed to the resonator chamber 6 Then, in the resonator chamber 6, formed between the lateral surface of the truncated bicone 1 and the non-ferromagnetic plate 7, an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (EMPHF) is excited. The eggs, directed into the dielectric tube 3, laid in the form of a biconical spiral, roll in it around their axis, and move in it, describing the trajectory of the biconical spiral. When the eggs are in the resonator chamber 6, they are exposed to EHMSH, and when they are in the pause chamber 5, they are not exposed to the EHMS. At this time, the temperature and pressure in the egg components equalize. The out-of-limit waveguide 9 limits the radiation through the holes along the perimeter of the non-ferromagnetic plate 7. Such repeated stay of eggs in the resonator chamber 1 and the pause chamber with alternation will provide heat treatment without breaking the shell if the duty cycle of the technological process does not exceed 0.5. Therefore, the non-ferromagnetic plate 7 should be installed so that the volume of the resonator chamber 6 is less than the volume of the pause chamber 5. The magnitude of the effect of the EMPHF depends on the number of turns of the pipe laid in the form of a biconical spiral. The angle of inclination and the diameter of the turn affect the duration of exposure to the EHMS. For technical inspection, there is a hatch 4, opening it, you can see through the viewing window on the dielectric pipe 3 the movement of eggs. Cooked disinfected substandard eggs should be cooled, packaged, transported to the feed mill for use as a protein supplement for animals.

, где

- высота биконуса).It is known that in a biconical resonator [5], near the vertices, surfaces (critical section) are formed, where the total reflection of electromagnetic waves is observed, and the radiation from the open vertices decreases. Therefore, the diameters of the small bases of the truncated bicone should be chosen taking into account the critical section (

where

is the height of the bicone).

Due to the absence of a transport mechanism and the use of one fan for cooling several magnetrons, specific energy costs are reduced in comparison with existing egg cookers [3, 4].

Sources of information

1. studydoc.ru> doc / 2751450 / ispol._zovanie- ...

2. Arsenyeva M., Smirenskaya Y., Deep doubts / Agrotechnics and technologies // URL: https://www.agroinvestor.ru/technologies/article/15129/ (date of treatment 11/26/2018)

3. Patent No. 2361496 RF, IPC A47J 29/00. Method and mechanized device for boiling eggs / Novikova G.V., Kirillov N.K., Egorov G.I., Guskov Yu.V - No. 2006139783/12, app. 11/13/2006. from 20.05.2008. - 11 p.

4. Patent No. 2336008 RF, IPC A47J 29/06. Mechanized microwave egg cooker / Novikova G.V., Kirillov N.K., Egorov G.I., Guskov Yu.V. - No. 2006139784; declared 11/13/2006. Bul. No. 29 dated 20.10.2008. - 11 p.

5. Drobakhin, OO Resonant properties of microwave resonators in the form of a spherical sector. / OO Drobakhin, P.I. Zabolotny, E.N. Privalov // Radioelectronics. Informatics. Management, 2009, No. 2 (21). - S. 11-16.

Claims (4)

A microwave installation for heat treatment of substandard chicken eggs is characterized by the fact that a truncated bicone is vertically installed on the mounting rack, along which there is a non-ferromagnetic plate inside, dividing its volume into a resonator chamber and a pause chamber and providing a process duty cycle of less than 0.5, while along the inner side surface of the truncated bicone, a dielectric pipe is laid, laid in the form of a conical spiral, with a diameter greater than the size of the eggs, and its ends are brought out beyond the small bases of the truncated bicone from the side of the pause chamber, moreover, the non-ferromagnetic plate, made in the form of the axial section of the bicone, along the perimeter has holes with a diameter equal to the diameter of the out-of-band waveguides, put on the dielectric tube from the side of the pause chamber, and docked to the non-ferromagnetic plate, at the same time, magnetrons of microwave generators are installed on the side surface of the truncated bicone so that the emitters are directed into the resonator chamber, and on the side surface of the pause chamber there is a hatch with a viewing window on the pipe.

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