RU2361496C2 - Method and mechanised device for eggs boiling - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: items of private use.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food industry and can be used for ass line boiling of alimentary eggs. Pipelined microwave eggs-cooker consists of located inside cylindrical screening aluminium body, rotary fluoroplastic rotor with cells for eggs. In bottom basis of body by perimetre there are cut windows and they are closed by punched fluoroplastic. Backside there are joined microwave ovens without doors so that its working chambers are increased up to top basis of body subject to multiplication factor of wavelength quarter. Between ovens there are installed ventilators. For it in these places it is punched bottom basis of body, on which it is spread body cover. Cover contains manhole for eggs loading. Manhole for unloading it is backside attached from the side of bottom basis. During eggs boiling in pipelined microwave oven it is impacted by electric field of frequency 2450 MHz and specific power 2÷2.5 kW/kg in cycling duty. Generator power is varied from 100÷1100 W according to heating time and ventilation 12÷1800 seconds up to achieving of egg white temperature 80°C.

EFFECT: increase in eggs-cooker productivity ensured by conveyor, providing cyclic impact of microwave frequencies on eggs.

2 cl, 8 dwg, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The present invention relates to the food industry and can be used for continuous cooking of food eggs.

Known methods of cooking eggs in water and steam have a high energy intensity. In addition, water, penetrating through the pores of the shell, makes egg white more stiff. The specific energy consumption in this case is 10 Wh · h per egg.

In all household electric egg cookers, a maximum of 24 eggs can be cooked periodically, and all of them contain a punch needle. In these egg cookers, you can cook eggs with minimal losses, only piercing the shell from the blunt end with a punch needle.

Eggs are not heated or boiled in a microwave oven, since they believe that there is no way to boil an egg in it, because when they are heated, an increase in pressure inside the shell can lead to their explosion.

There is a Quick Egg Boiler device, which is designed for cooking eggs in a microwave oven [1].

Cooking time is 5 ... 9 minutes. It consists of a main water tank that is transparent to microwave radiation. Inside this container there is another container for the product, protected from microwave radiation by a lid. Moreover, both the product container and the lid are made of a material opaque to microwave radiation. The walls and bottom of the product container are perforated. Such a device can only be used in domestic conditions.

There is a device Quick Egg Boiler - an egg in the microwave, which is designed for cooking eggs in the microwave. To do this, add water to the container and cook for 5 ... 9 minutes. This method does not differ from the usual method of preparing eggs in water [2].

There is a technical solution for patent document DE 3300663, class A47J 29/00, publ. 08/04/1983 - a microwave egg cooker.

In all these installations, it is impossible to carry out the conveyor mode of microwave energy exposure to eggs.

The technological and technical result to which the invention is directed is to increase the productivity of cooking eggs without water due to the cyclical effect of microwaves in the process of transporting eggs through microwave ovens with their rotation around its axis.

These results are achieved by the fact that:

- they act with an electric field with a frequency of 2450 MHz and a specific power of 2 ... 2.5 kW / kg in a cyclic mode, and the generator power varies from 100 ... 1100 W in accordance with the heating and ventilation time of 12 ... 1800 seconds until the protein temperature reaches 80 ° C ;

- inside the cylindrical shielding aluminum case there is a rotating fluoroplastic rotor with cells for eggs touching the lower base of the body, in which windows are cut along the perimeter and covered with perforated fluoroplastic, where microwave ovens without doors are docked so that their working chambers are enlarged to the upper the base of the housing, taking into account the multiplicity of a quarter of the wavelength, while fans are installed between the furnaces, for which the lower base of the housing, on which sazhena housing cover, which comprises a hatch for loading eggs hatch for unloading docked with the rear side of the lower base.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a conveyor microwave egg cooker (side view). Figure 2 shows a diagram of a conveyor microwave egg cooker (top view without a lid). Figure 3 - dependence of the productivity of the conveyor microwave egg cooker on the number of furnaces of different power: 1-650 W; 2-800 watts; 3-1000 watts, regardless of the number of eggs loaded (when loading them: a) 3 eggs; b) 8 eggs). Figure 4 - dependence of the heating time in one oven on the number of simultaneously heated eggs at different power of the ovens: 1-1000 W; 2-800 watts; 3-650 W: a) number of furnaces - 4 pcs .; b) the number of furnaces - 10 pcs. Figure 5 - response surface and two-dimensional cross-section in isolines of a three-factor model of productivity of the egg cooker depending on the power and number of microwave ovens when they are loaded with six eggs.

The equipment is installed on table 1 with a dielectric coating. Microwave ovens 3 are mounted on dielectric supports 2 along the perimeter of round table 1 with a generator unit to the periphery and the door up. Moreover, the knobs of the timer and power timer 4 are located outside the working chamber 5 from the side of the periphery of table 1. The capacity of the working chamber of the microwave oven is increased from the side of the door. The furnace door is replaced by a fluoroplastic plate 6. An aluminum disk 7 with windows for the microwave oven is fixed to the microwave ovens located on the periphery of the round table 1. Moreover, the diameter of the disk 7 covers the working capacity of the microwave ovens. On top, the disk 7 is closed by a cylindrical aluminum cover 8. Inside the working chamber 5, a honeycomb rotor 10 is mounted on the support rollers 9. The rotor 10 is mounted on the shaft 11 of the motor - reducer 12. Moreover, the central part of the rotor 10 is made of aluminum, and its peripheral part is made of fluoroplastic, in which there are cells. Fans 13 are mounted between the ovens on the lower side of the disk 7. The cover 8 has a loading hatch 14 through which eggs 15 enter the cells. On the aluminum disk 7 there is an unloading hatch 16. Under the unloading hatch 16, containers 17 for receiving welded eggs 6 are installed.

There are shielding shutters 19 around the window between the microwave oven and the aluminum disk 19. The egg cells 20 have a special configuration, they allow the eggs to be moved and rotated during rotation of the rotor, which do not fall outside the dielectric limiter 21.

The cooking process is as follows. The electric drive 11, 12 of the cellular rotor 10 is turned on. Next, the cells 20 are filled with eggs 15 through the loading hatch 14, the fans 13 are turned on at the same time. After filling all the cells with eggs, the microwave ovens 3 are switched on sequentially, as heated eggs appear in the oven, in the working chamber 5 of the next oven . To do this, turn the knobs of the power and time regulator 4 to the corresponding values. In this case, the eggs 15, being in the cell 20, due to the rotor 10 rotate around their larger axis and move around the perimeter of the aluminum disk 7. It has several windows, the sizes corresponding to the door of the microwave oven, covered with fluoroplastic plates 6. While located above this plate 6 eggs will be in the working chamber of the microwave oven and heated by super-high frequency currents. When moving between the ovens, pressure equalization and temperature redistribution from the center of the egg (i.e., from the yolk) to the periphery (to the protein) occur. The fans 13 contribute to the acceleration of the process of balancing temperature and pressure inside the egg. The aluminum cover 8, on which the loading door 14 is fixed, closes the working containers of all microwave ovens located around the perimeter of table 1. Cover 8 is a screen. The joints in the windows where the ovens are installed are closed by shielding blinds 19. Microwave ovens 3 are mounted on dielectric supports 2 for ventilation.

Cooking eggs occurs in a cyclic mode "multiple heating and pause" or ventilation. This mode is achieved due to the conveyor passage of eggs in the rotor cells through the working chambers of each furnace and through the ventilated gap between them. At the end of the cycle, the welded eggs are unloaded through the hatch 16 into a special container 17. The rotor 18 is held on the support rollers 9. When moving the eggs from the cells do not fall to the periphery, since a dielectric limiter 21 is mounted on the lower aluminum disk 7.

To determine the possible modes of cooking eggs using microwave ovens, we calculated the operating parameters of the installation for cooking eggs. Moreover, the power of microwave ovens was varied from 100 to 1100 W and the number of simultaneously heated eggs in one oven was from 3 to 8 pieces. In this case, 68 options were considered (Table 1). Table 1 shows the operational parameters of the conveyor microwave egg cooker.

Recommended energy costs for cooking food in a microwave oven are 0.166 kW · h / kg [4]. The recommended value of the specific power for microwave heating of food products is 2 ... 2.5 kW / kg [3].

The specific energy consumption for cooking eggs is then 10 Wh · h per egg. If we take the mass of one egg G = 60 grams, then the specific energy consumption is

Given this recommendation, we determine the time for heating the eggs in one microwave oven, depending on the number of eggs loaded:

where n _i - the number of simultaneously heating eggs in microwaves, pcs .;

n _p - the number of microwave ovens, pcs;

G is the mass of one egg, g;

P - net microwave power, watts.

For example, for a developed conveyor egg cooker, when the number of ovens

n _n = 4 pcs, n _i = 3 pcs, P = 650 W, G = 60 g, egg heating time is:

The time for heating eggs in a microwave egg cooker containing 8 ovens, n _n = 8 pcs, n _i = 3 pcs, P = 650 W, G = 60 g is:

The calculated data are summarized in table 1.

Verification calculation of specific energy consumption

if P = 100 W, then

if P = 800 W, then

if P = 1000 W, then

if P = 1100 W, then

т.е. рекомендуемое значение.

those. recommended value.

To implement the conveyor, it is rational to have a minimum of 3 microwave ovens, and a maximum of 10. The minimum possible number of eggs during conveyor cooking is 3 pcs., Due to the fact that microwave ovens cannot be turned on without load.

The maximum number of simultaneously heated eggs is 15 (600/40 = 15), it is determined by the area of the working chamber (600 cm ² ) and the area occupied by one egg.

Based on such limitations, we determine the possible limits of the time for heating eggs in one oven.

If the minimum power is 100 watts, the maximum number of eggs is 15 pcs. and the minimum number of ovens is 3 pcs., then the maximum heating time will be equal to:

Minimum time:

, принимаем с запасом 12 с.

, accept with a margin of 12 s.

The final temperature of the protein and yolk of the eggs:

Where

P _n - furnace power, W;

G is the mass of the egg, kg;

Δτ is the heating time in one furnace, s;

n _n is the number of furnaces, pcs .;

η - thermal efficiency;

C is the heat capacity of the protein and yolk, kJ / kg ° C ( _protein C = 4.1 kJ / kg ° C, C _yolk = 2.8 kJ / kg ° C);

Egg heating time in one oven determines the productivity of a conveyor microwave egg cooker. The dependence of the productivity of the conveyor microwave egg cooker on the number of furnaces of different capacities can be seen in figure 3. The dependence of the heating time in one oven on the number of simultaneously heated eggs at different capacities of the ovens can be analyzed using figure 4.

Due to the fact that the eggs are transported at a certain speed using a mesh rotor, the pause or ventilation time must be at least the heating time in one oven, i.e. can vary from 12 seconds to 30 minutes. During this time, the temperature and pressure in the egg components equalize.

Using the active planning of a three-factor experiment (Table 2) of type 2 ³ , the optimal modes were determined. At the same time, the performance of the egg cooker, the cost and overall dimensions of the installation served as evaluation criteria. Variable parameters were the number and power of microwave ovens, as well as the number of simultaneously heated eggs. The number of ovens varied from 4 to 10 pieces, the power of the ovens from 600 to 1000 watts, the number of simultaneously heated eggs from 2 to 10 pieces. The experiments were carried out in accordance with the compiled matrix (table 2). The response surface and the two-dimensional cross-section in the isolines of a three-factor model of productivity of the egg cooker are presented in figure 5.

Having obtained the regression equations (see Fig. 5) and constructing the response surface, we found the optimal variable parameters.

The optimal modes are: power 800 W, number of eggs 4, number of ovens 6 pcs.

table 2
Matrix of planning an experiment to study the performance of a microwave egg cooker from variable parameters No. Variable Parameters Optimization criteria x ₁ X ₂ x ₃ y ₁ y ₂ R, W n _i n _n pcs Q, pcs / h Ts, thousand rubles one + 1000 + 10 + 8 1004 5 · 10-50 2 + 1000 - 2 - four 201 5 · 2 = 10 3 - 600 - 2 - four 121 2 · 2 = 4 four - 600 + 10 + 8 653 2 · 10 = 20 5 0 800 0 6 0 6 482 2.56 = 15 6 - 600 0 6 0 6 392 2 · 6 = 12 7 + 1000 0 6 0 6 602 5 · 6 = 30 8 0 800 - 2 0 6 161 2,5 · 2 = 5 9 0 800 + 10 0 6 482 2.510 = 25 10 0 800 0 6 - four 482 2.56 = 15 eleven 0 800 0 6 + 8 482 2.56 = 15 Note. P - net microwave power, W; n _i - the number of simultaneously heated eggs, pcs .; n _n is the number of microwave ovens, pcs, Q - productivity of a microwave egg cooker, pcs / h; C - the cost of microwave ovens, thousand rubles.

Information sources

1. IF-Region, 2001 ... 2003. All rights reserved.

2. Subscribe. Ru: Science, Technology, and Technology News from Sci Techibrary. http / awww. Scitec library, ro / ros / catalog / pages / 1227. html.

3. Technological equipment of food production / B.M. Azarov et al. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1988. - 463 p. (See p. 338).

4. The use of microwave radiation in food technology / Food industry, 1988 No. 4 (55 p.).

Claims (2)

1. The method of cooking eggs in a conveyor microwave oven, characterized in that it is exposed to an electric field with a frequency of 2450 MHz and a specific power of 2 ÷ 2.5 kW / kg in a cyclic mode, and the generator power varies from 100 ÷ 1100 W in accordance with the heating time and ventilation 12 ÷ 1800 s until the protein temperature reaches 80 ° C. 2. Conveyor microwave egg cooker, characterized in that the inside of the cylindrical shielding aluminum housing contains a rotating fluoroplastic rotor with cells for eggs touching the lower base of the housing, in which windows are cut along the perimeter and covered with perforated fluoroplastic, to which microwave ovens without doors are docked so that their working chambers are enlarged to the upper base of the housing, taking into account the multiplicity of a quarter of the wavelength, while fans are installed between the furnaces, for which at these places, the lower base of the hull is perforated, on which the lid of the hull is mounted, which contains the hatch for loading eggs, the hatch for unloading is docked from the back of the lower base.

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