RU2623367C1 - Mobile anti-epidemic complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: mobile anti-epidemic complex contains functional modules, a docking module, a mobile control room, a staff car, a module for personnel delivery, a mobile epidemiological laboratory interconnected and easily shared among each other in field deployment. The functional modules are divided into hermetically sealed cabinets with life support systems, with controls located in a technical compartment with access from the outside of the van, equipped with a system of forced supply and exhaust ventilation with automated maintenance of the pressure difference between laboratory compartments and provided with diagnostic equipment. Each of the modules is formed on the basis of a van mounted on the chassis of an off-road vehicle and/or trailer. The bacteriological and sanitary-microbiological laboratories, when deployed on site, are coaxially aligned by transmission windows with the transfer lock cells of the laboratory for bacteriological studies support by installing sealed interconnection docking units.

EFFECT: invention reduces the risk of biological hazard and increases the effectiveness of research.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of technology designed to eliminate the epidemiological consequences of natural disasters, technological disasters and emergency biological and social situations.

Currently, there remains a high risk of various kinds of emergency situations (ES) associated with natural and man-made factors. The consequences of any type of emergency can be a sharp deterioration in the human environment, the complete or partial termination of the systems of medical and anti-epidemic institutions, as well as the occurrence of complications of a medical and epidemiological nature. In this regard, in order to eliminate the epidemiological and health consequences of emergencies, it is necessary to have permanent, ready-to-use special forces and quick response tools, which include specialized anti-epidemic brigades of anti-plague institutions of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (SPEB).

Various mobile medical complexes are known containing interconnected medical equipment when modules are deployed on the ground with medical departments. Each of the modules is equipped with a docking device with an adjacent module. The complexes are intended for emergency provision of specialized medical care (patents RU 2197580, 2097499, 2220059). However, the complexes are not intended for work with pathogenic biological agents (PBA). To ensure the possibility of working with PBA, it is necessary, first of all, that the complex meets the requirements of the sanitary rules “Safety of work with microorganisms of the I-II pathogenicity (danger) group”.

A variety of emergencies creates the need to develop mobile anti-epidemic complexes that can autonomously diagnose infectious diseases of bacterial and viral etiology, sanitary-microbiological and epidemiological monitoring of environmental objects that are transported on their own or with the help of land, air or water vehicles. Complexes, as a rule, have a modular structure, and modules equipped with the necessary equipment are formed in box bodies, trailers, box bodies, tent structures, in various combinations depending on the task.

Known multifunctional mobile modular complex for the analysis of pathogenic biological materials (patent RU 2545571, B60P 3/00). The mobile complex contains four autonomous modules. The first module is equipped with instruments and equipment for sample preparation and enzyme immunoassay of biological material. The second module is equipped with instruments and equipment for sample preparation and analysis of biological material by polymerase chain reaction and genotyping. The third module is designed to collect, process, analyze and store information about the biological situation. The fourth module is made in the form of a biological reconnaissance machine, which is designed to take samples from the source of biological infection and carry out rapid analysis of samples and their delivery to the first and second modules of the complex. The disadvantage of the described complex is that the material is transferred to the working ("infectious") compartments of the first and second modules through the service ("clean") compartments, which violates the requirements of the sanitary rules for the safety of work with microorganisms of I-II pathogenicity groups, which include separate inputs for personnel and infectious material delivery. The service compartment is structurally the laboratory building, and therefore, it is possible to simultaneously have personnel in the building who are not directly related to work with PBA. In addition, the complex is equipped with equipment that allows research to be carried out only by methods of express and accelerated diagnostics and does not provide the conditions for research using the bacteriological method, which reduces the functionality of the complex.

Known mobile anti-epidemic complex designed to eliminate the epidemiological consequences of emergency situations (RU 66723, B60P 3/14, B60P 3/34). The complex contains interconnected functional, docking, universal command post, pneumoframe modules, staff car and personnel delivery module, which are easily interconnected when deployed on the ground. Each functional module has a specific purpose (indication laboratory RU 65436, laboratory for especially dangerous infections RU 65436, bacteriological laboratory RU 65435, laboratory for sanitary and hygienic research RU 65434, support unit for bacteriological research RU 65833). Functional modules have hermetically sealed salons with various levels of biological protection, which allows working with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups I-II or III-IV, and are equipped with diagnostic equipment, technical equipment and life support systems (power supply, ventilation and air conditioning, water supply). The salons of the laboratories (functional modules) are separated by sealed partitions into functional compartments and a sanitary inspection room. Each of the modules is formed on the basis of a van body mounted on the chassis of a cross-country vehicle or trailer. The docking module has door openings. The docking module combines several modules into a single functional complex, which ensures the technological cycle during laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases by biological, bacteriological, molecular genetic, immunological, microbiological and toxicological methods, and also creates more comfortable working conditions for personnel. However, the location of monitoring and control devices for engineering systems directly in the laboratory compartments of the functional modules of the complex prevents the access of technical personnel to the laboratory premises during the research and, for their maintenance, the stop of the research work is required. The disadvantage of the complex is that not all functional modules are equipped with lock chambers with interlocking doors for transferring material received for research to the infectious area of the laboratory, and they have transfer windows, hatches, which reduces the effectiveness of the laboratory's protection from the release of PBA into the environment. The use in laboratory modules of the complex of microbiological safety boxes of class II, type A2, does not allow working with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups I-II without the use of personal respiratory and vision protection. The lack of automatic pressure maintenance does not ensure compliance with biological safety requirements in accordance with regulatory documents governing the rules for working with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups I-II; the lack of a video surveillance system limits control when working in the infectious area of the laboratory. The transfer of material for autoclaving is carried out by removing it from the functional modules and transporting it to the bacteriological research support unit in the open area.

The technical result is to reduce the risk of biological hazard and increase the efficiency of research.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a mobile anti-epidemic complex containing interconnected and easily shared among themselves when deployed on the ground, equipped with a life support system, having hermetically executed salons with different levels of biological protection, with a forced ventilation system, divided into compartments equipped with diagnostic functional modules - an indication laboratory, a laboratory of especially dangerous infections, a bacteriological laboratory , Sanitary and microbiological laboratory, Laboratory support bacteriological research; a docking module connecting the functional modules in the expanded state, each module being formed on the basis of a van body mounted on the chassis of a cross-country vehicle and / or trailer; mobile control center, staff car, personnel delivery module, mobile epidemiological intelligence laboratory, according to the invention, the functional modules are made with BSL-3 biological safety level, additionally have a technical compartment with access from outside the van with life support controls placed in it, each functional module is equipped forced ventilation system with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between the laboratory compartments, while laboratory and laboratory was highly dangerous infections microbiological safety box feature class II type B2 autoclave and also laboratory particularly dangerous infections additionally equipped with boxing class III microbiological safety; the bacteriological laboratory and the sanitary-microbiological laboratory are equipped with a class B2 type microbiological safety cabinet, hermetic transfer lock chambers and transfer windows, aligned coaxially with the transfer lock chambers of the bacteriological research support laboratory when deployed on the ground, connected by installing hermetic docking intersection units.

In addition, the functional modules of the complex are equipped with a video surveillance system.

Removing the technical compartment beyond the laboratory compartment and thereby providing independent access for technical personnel greatly simplifies the preparatory work of launching the laboratory, maintenance and monitoring of life support systems during operation, and eliminates the need for service personnel to visit the laboratory compartment during research, the possibility of crossing the technical personnel with infectious material, which ensures compliance with biological requirements safety and increases the effectiveness of research.

The use of forced-air and exhaust ventilation systems in the functional modules with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between the laboratory compartments allows providing a predetermined value of negative pressure (vacuum), preventing the release of PBA into the environment, as well as the supply of purified air to the laboratory premises, cooling or heating of the supply air, removal and purification of air from the laboratory through the use of fine filters H14.

Equipping an indication laboratory and a laboratory of especially dangerous infections with autoclaves allows disinfection of infectious material without carrying it outside the laboratory, and ensures a full cycle of work.

Equipping functional modules with microbiological safety cabinets (BMB) of class II type B2 with a higher level of protection for working personnel and the laboratory premises from contamination by pathogens provides conditions for working with material not only suspected of being infected with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups III-IV, but also of groups I-II .

The installation of transfer lock chambers in the bacteriological and sanitary-microbiological laboratories allows receiving material to the laboratory or transferring it outside and prevents air from coming out of the infectious zone due to interlocking doors, and the additional equipment of the laboratories with transfer windows allows them to be aligned coaxially with the lock chambers when deployed on the ground. bacteriological research support laboratories for transferring materials to the autoclave by installing pressurized joints Faithful intersection blocks.

Module No. 1 - an indication laboratory is designed to indicate microorganisms of groups I-IV of the pathogenicity of bacterial and viral etiology, toxins.

The laboratory is mounted in a van body on the basis of a cross-country chassis and / or trailer and contains a hermetically sealed cabin, with a BSL-3 biological safety level, with a forced-air and exhaust ventilation system, with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between the laboratory compartments, equipped with life support equipment. The laboratory interior is divided by airtight partitions into functional compartments, a sanitary inspection room and a technical compartment. Functional compartments, one of which is designed to receive and work with infectious biological material, equipped with an emergency exit door and equipped with a transfer lock chamber, type II biological safety cabinet type B2, type III biological safety cabinet, an autoclave, and another compartment designed to work with disinfected biological material equipped with devices for preparing and indicating bacterial and viral pathogens. Controls of life-support systems (power supply, water supply, forced supply and exhaust ventilation and air conditioning) are taken out to the technical compartment, which is not connected with functional compartments and sanitary inspection room, and which has access from outside the van.

Module 2 is a laboratory of especially dangerous infections, designed to isolate and identify pathogens of infectious diseases of a bacterial nature and to indicate pathogens of infectious diseases of a viral nature of I-IV pathogenicity groups.

The laboratory for especially dangerous infections is mounted in a van based on the chassis of an off-road vehicle and / or trailer and contains a hermetically sealed cabin with a biological safety level BSL-3, with a forced-air and exhaust ventilation system, with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between the laboratory compartments, equipped means of life support. The laboratory interior is divided by airtight partitions into functional compartments, a sanitary inspection room and a technical compartment. Functional compartments, one of which is designed to receive biological material, the other for bacteriological studies is equipped with two transfer lock chambers, one of which is made in the partition between the functional compartments, class II microbiological safety box type B2, class III microbiological safety box, autoclave, instruments for diagnostic tests. Controls of life-support systems (power supply, water supply, forced supply and exhaust ventilation and air conditioning) are taken out to the technical compartment, which is not connected with functional compartments and sanitary inspection room, and which has access from outside the van.

Module 3 - a bacteriological laboratory is designed to conduct research on material from patients, carriers for the presence of pathogens of infectious diseases of the II-IV pathogenicity groups: cholera, acute intestinal infections, wound and other infections. The level of biological protection allows, if necessary, to work with pathogens of I-IV pathogenicity groups (except for viruses of the I pathogenicity group).

The laboratory is mounted in a van body on the basis of the chassis of an all-terrain vehicle and / or trailer and contains a hermetically sealed interior, with a BSL-3 biological safety level, with a forced-air and exhaust ventilation system, with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between the laboratory compartments, equipped with life support equipment . The laboratory interior is divided by airtight partitions into a functional compartment for conducting bacteriological studies, equipped with a class II B2 microbiological safety cabinet, devices for conducting bacteriological studies, a sanitary inspection room and a technical compartment. The reception of biological material and its transfer to the compartment for bacteriological studies is carried out through the transfer lock chamber, and for autoclaving through the transfer window. Controls of life-support systems (power supply, water supply, forced supply and exhaust ventilation and air conditioning) are taken out to the technical compartment, which is not connected with functional compartments and sanitary inspection room, and which has access from outside the van.

Module 4 - The Sanitary and Microbiological Laboratory is designed to conduct bacteriological and toxicological studies of water, air, soil, food samples, swabs for the presence of pathogens of infectious diseases of II-IV pathogenicity groups. The level of biological protection allows, if necessary, to work with pathogens of I-IV pathogenicity groups (except for viruses of the I pathogenicity group).

The laboratory is mounted in a van body on the basis of the chassis of an all-terrain vehicle and / or trailer and contains a hermetically sealed interior, with a biological safety level BSL-3, with a system of forced supply and exhaust ventilation, with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between the laboratory compartments, equipped with life support equipment . The laboratory interior is divided by airtight partitions into a functional compartment designed for sanitary and microbiological research, a sanitary inspection room and a technical compartment. The reception of biological material and its transfer to the compartment for conducting sanitary-microbiological studies is carried out through the transfer lock chamber, and for autoclaving through the transfer window. The compartment for carrying out sanitary-microbiological research is equipped with a class II B2 microbiological safety box, the necessary instruments for research. Controls of life-support systems (power supply, water supply, forced supply and exhaust ventilation and air conditioning) are taken out to the technical compartment, which is not connected with functional compartments and sanitary inspection room, and which has access from outside the van.

Module No. 5 - the bacteriological research support laboratory is designed to autoclave pathogenic biological agents of pathogenicity groups I-IV, to carry out preparatory work related to bacteriological research (preparation of culture media, sterilization).

The laboratory is mounted in a van body on the basis of the chassis of an all-terrain vehicle and / or trailer and contains a hermetically sealed interior, with a biological safety level BSL-3, with a system of forced supply and exhaust ventilation, with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between the laboratory compartments, equipped with life support equipment . The laboratory interior is divided by airtight partitions into functional compartments (for sterilization and preparation of culture media, auxiliary for dressing and removing protective clothing, a compartment for autoclaving infectious material) and a technical compartment. The compartment for sterilization and preparation of nutrient media is equipped with an entrance door and is equipped with an autoclave for sterilization and the necessary devices. The autoclaving compartment is equipped with transfer lock chambers and an autoclave for disinfecting the material. Controls of life-support systems (power supply, water supply, forced supply and exhaust ventilation and air conditioning) are taken out to the technical compartment, which is not connected with functional compartments and sanitary inspection room, and which has access from outside the van.

Module No. 6 - the docking module is designed to connect the internal rooms of the functional modules to each other and is formed on the basis of the van body mounted on the chassis of the trailer in whose walls openings are provided that are closed by doors. The interior of the module can be used for transportation of household property and consumables. The docking module combines several modules into a single functional complex, which provides the ability to move personnel from module to module, more comfortable working conditions and personnel protection in adverse weather conditions. A removable ladder is provided to one of the doors of the docking module, equipped with a quick-detachable fastener, for example, of the “hook-loop” type.

In addition, the complex includes a mobile control center, a staff car, a module for personnel delivery, and a mobile surveillance laboratory.

The mobile control center is designed to provide control over the operation of the SPEC mobile complex in the emergency zone and to manage the SPEC information and communication technologies. Information on the epidemiological situation is received in real time in a mobile control center, and from the laboratory modules of the SPEC on the results of studies of samples of clinical material and environmental objects. This information, along with the available epidemiological data, is analyzed, including using GIS technologies. Based on the results of the analysis, proposals are formed for making managerial decisions on anti-epidemic and preventive measures.

The mobile laboratory for epidemiological intelligence is designed for sanitary and epidemiological intelligence in the emergency zone, including before the deployment of the full anti-epidemic complex. The mobile laboratory for epidemiological intelligence allows conducting an epidemiological examination in the emergency zone, taking samples from environmental objects and, along with the laboratories of the complex, to carry out the indication of pathogens of infectious diseases of pathogenicity groups I-IV, if necessary, in clinical material. Based on the results of the epidemiological survey, an assessment of the sanitary-epidemiological state in the emergency zone is made and a decision is made on the directions of the mobile anti-epidemic complex.

The anti-epidemic complex is implemented by combining several modules grouped in a specific order. Modules can be grouped as intended, which makes the proposed technical solution universal in application. Groups can be formed from functional modules: an indication laboratory, a laboratory of especially dangerous infections, a bacteriological laboratory, a sanitary-microbiological laboratory, and a bacteriological research support laboratory. A real anti-epidemic complex may contain any number of functional modules combined by a docking module, depending on the situation. In FIG. 1 schematically shows a plan for a possible connection of the anti-epidemic complex on the ground.

The deployment of the mobile complex and preparation for work is as follows. Docking module 6 is installed on relatively flat terrain. Functional modules 1, 2, 3, 4 are placed on both sides relative to the docking module so that their doorways coincide. Module 5 is placed between modules 3 and 4 so that the openings of the transfer windows and the lock chambers coincide. From the end of the docking module and to the door of module 5, ladders are installed for the personnel to enter. Between the transfer windows 7 and the lock chambers 8 of the modules 3, 4, 5, as well as the entrance doors 9, connecting the docking module 6 with the functional modules 1, 2, 3, 4, sealed intersection blocks are fixed.

The diagnostic equipment is arranged and the life support systems are connected: autonomous generators are lowered by means of electric winches; modules ground; power supply entry points are supplied either from a stationary network or from autonomous generators; include lighting systems for laboratory facilities, water supply, supply and exhaust ventilation. After the parameters of the supply and exhaust ventilation system enter the operating mode (creating the necessary vacuum and ambient temperature in the laboratory room), the stationary and removable analytical laboratory equipment is connected, and its readiness for work is checked. On the workstations, laboratory accessories corresponding to the workstations, necessary reagents are installed. At the site of the complex’s deployment there is also a mobile control center, a module for personnel delivery and a mobile epidemiological intelligence laboratory. The complex is ready for work.

The biological material received for the study, packed in accordance with the requirements of the sanitary rules, enters through the lock chambers into the functional compartments of the modules, where they carry out diagnostic tests in accordance with the purpose of the module. Waste material in modules 1 and 2 is placed in autoclaving tanks and disinfected in autoclaves located in these modules. Spent material from modules 3 and 4 through transfer windows and docking intersection blocks coaxially aligned with lock chambers is transferred for autoclaving to the bacteriological research support laboratory.

On a local wireless computer network, information on the volumes of delivered samples and the range of upcoming studies is transmitted from the mobile control center (MPU) to the laboratory modules, and the research results are received in real time from laboratory modules to the MPU. In addition, the MPU through various communication channels receives information about the epidemiological situation in the emergency zone (the nature and dynamics of infectious diseases, epidemiologically significant objects, risk contingents, risk factors). All information received by the MPU is used during an operational epidemiological analysis using modern information technologies in order to formulate proposals for the implementation of anti-epidemic measures in the emergency zone.

MPU communication with higher authorities and organizations can be carried out through mobile communication of the GSM standard. To establish communications in places with no mobile network, satellite communications are provided.

The mobile anti-epidemic complex provides biological safety in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents when conducting research on material suspected of being infected with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups I-IV in emergency situations of an epidemiological nature. The complex is focused on organizing a full technological cycle (sampling, initial preparation, research, obtaining and issuing research results, disinfection of infected material) during laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases, as well as conducting an operational epidemiological analysis and issuing recommendations on the organization of a complex of antiepidemic and preventive events. In addition, the mobile anti-epidemic complex is equipped with equipment allowing to carry out a complex of emergency measures of non-specific prophylaxis: disinfection measures in the infectious focus, as well as measures for non-specific prophylaxis - disinfection, disinsection, deratization in case of epidemic complications of natural focal infectious diseases.

In case of emergency in remote areas, the functional modules of the complex can be transported by means of transport aircraft.

Claims (2)

1. A mobile anti-epidemic complex containing interconnected and easily shared among themselves when deployed on the ground, equipped with a life support system, having hermetically executed salons with various levels of biological protection, with a system of forced supply and exhaust ventilation, functional modules divided into compartments equipped with diagnostic equipment - indication laboratory, laboratory of especially dangerous infections, bacteriological laboratory, sanitary-microbiological laboratory a laboratory for supporting bacteriological research, a docking module connecting functional modules in the expanded state, each module being formed on the basis of a van body mounted on the chassis of a cross-country vehicle and / or trailer, a mobile control center, staff car, personnel delivery module, mobile Epidemiological research laboratory, characterized in that the functional modules are made with the biological safety level BSL-3, additionally have a technical compartment with external access the van with the life support system controls located in it is equipped with a forced ventilation system with automatic maintenance of the pressure difference between the laboratory compartments, while the indication laboratory and the laboratory of especially dangerous infections are equipped with a class II microbiological safety cabinet type B2 and an autoclave, as well as a laboratory of especially dangerous infections is additionally equipped with a class III microbiological safety box, a bacteriological laboratory and a sanitary microbe ologicheskaya feature boxing microbiological safety class II type B2, sealed gear lock chambers, as well as gear windows, align coaxially with the gear lock chambers Laboratory support bacteriology deployment on the ground and connected by means of the installation of sealed connecting intersectional blocks. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the functional modules are equipped with a video surveillance system.

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