RU2528042C1 - Method of determining and controlling parameters of plow-bottom surface of working element of plough for operation with different speeds of motion of unit and device for controlling parameters of plow-bottom surface of working element of plough - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: device comprises a system of controlling parameters of the plow-bottom surface (PBS) with the hydraulic cylinder, mounted on a frame. The frame consists of a longitudinal (23), the transverse and the carrier (2) beams. The LSP control system comprises telescopic brackets with working elements (1) connected to the carrier beam (2) of the frame, the upper and the lower plates for mounting the preliminary calculated using the computer device the angle of mounting the working element (1) to the wall of the furrow. The telescopic bracket is a tube of square section (4) having one end rigidly attached to the upper plate and the other end inserted with the ability to move and fix mutually using a fixing device into the outer pipe (6) of the larger size, rigidly fixed under the carrying beam (2) of the frame. The upper plate with the curvilinear through groove formed in it, the openings and graduation applied on it is connected to the lower plate with the corresponding openings formed in it, rigidly and horizontally secured to the upper part of the rack of the working element(1). The plates are interconnected with the ability to move relative to each other by the fixing axis on which the castellated nut is screwed with the locking pin. The radius of movement of the upper plate relative to the lower one corresponds to the through curved groove of the upper plate, in which the finger with the pointer is located fixed to the lower plate by means of a nut with protection against self-untwisting, pointing on the graduation the amount of movement of the plates. For rigid fixation of the upper plate relative to the lower one the finger with the flat retainer is inserted in the matching openings. To rotate the working element (1) the helical coupler (12) is mounted, pivotally connected with one end to the rack of the working element (1), and pivotally connected with the other end to the vertical axis, rigidly attached to the upper plate. All working elements (1) are interconnected by a lever mounted on the telescopic bracket axis with clearance and with the ability of rotation about the axis of the first working element (1), which housing is fixed without possibility of lateral movement. The lever is pivotally connected to the hydraulic cylinder attached pivotally to the longitudinal beam (23) of the frame. The locking device of the telescopic square tubes (4) consists of an L-shaped longitudinal traction located in the openings of mounting brackets with the ability of rotation, and to which, opposite the working elements (1), the retaining fingers are rigidly fixed, pivotally connected to the spring retainers inserted into the openings of the telescoping square tubes (4). The mounting brackets are rigidly secured to the carrying beam (2) of the frame. On the flange of the hydraulic cylinder from the side of the retractable rod, parallel to it, a measuring bar is fixed, and on the rest fixed on the rod there is the pointer cooperating with the bar. Graduation on the upper plate, the amount of fixing openings on the telescopic square tubes, the upper and lower plates, the rest positions with pointing on the measuring bar of the hydraulic cylinder correspond to the four standard corners of placement of the coulter of the working element to the wall of the furrow at the four existing plow-bottom surfaces: cylindrical, cultural, semihelical and helical.EFFECT: improving the quality of soil treatment, reducing the energy consumption of the process of mouldboard tillage.6 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage tools.

Studies of domestic and foreign scientists, as well as existing practice, have established that the highest quality soil treatment with minimal energy consumption occurs when the plow-blade surface (LOP) of the working body of the dump plow has certain parameters. These parameters are the working body working width, the angle of the blade bend, the angle of setting the share to the bottom of the furrow, the angle of setting of the working body to the wall of the furrow.

Currently, many attempts are being made to create universal working bodies for the dump plow, on which it would be possible to change the parameters of the LOP.

A known method of regulating the parameters of the LOP and the working body of the dump plow described in the patent [US Pat. No. 2470501, A01B 15/00], in which the bending angle is adjusted due to the horizontal grooves made in the upper half of the blade from the back.

However, among the disadvantages of the data of the method and device is the impossibility of changing the angle of the working body to the wall of the furrow.

Closest to the technical nature of the proposed technical solutions is a method of adjusting the angles characterizing the LOP of the working bodies of the dump plow, using the control system for the parameters of the plow-heap surface described in the patent [US Pat. No. 2462013, A01B 15/04]. Regulation of the LOP parameters includes the selection of the necessary angles for setting the ploughshare of the working body of the plow to the bottom of the furrow, as well as the slope of the LOP.

The control system for the LOP parameters includes a movable rod, on which a gear rack is attached, connected to a gear mounted on the shaft, to the other end of which a crank is connected, connected to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder mounted on the plow frame, while on the outside of the movable rod opposite the dump working bodies staple-shaped guide strips are rigidly fixed, on which oblique guide through grooves are made, the length of the grooves is equal to the amount of regulation of the plow-blade surface, in the grooves of the guides the rotary rollers are installed on the axis located on the fork lever, moving in the guide sleeve, rigidly attached to the rack of the dumping working body, and the lower end of the forked lever by means of a connecting swinging lever and a hinge attached to the blade, while the share and the blade of the working body are rigidly attached to the mounting plate, which with the help of hinges attached to the shoe of the working body.

The disadvantage of these solutions is the impossibility of adjusting the angle of setting the working body of the plow to the furrow wall depending on the speed of the unit and, accordingly, the low quality of soil cultivation, and insufficient reduction of the energy intensity of the plowing process.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of soil cultivation and further reduce the energy intensity of the process of dump tillage by determining the angle of setting the working body of the plow to the wall of the furrow and the size of its translational lateral movement depending on the speed of the unit and adjusting them on the base share-dump surface of the working body Plow using the developed device.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method consisting in adjusting the angles characterizing the plow-blade surface, in contrast to the prototype, first determine the value of the angle of setting the share of the working body to the furrow wall and the value of its translational lateral movement depending on the speed of the unit using a computer device, for which the parameters of the base ploughshare-dump surface, designed to operate at the first predetermined speed of the unit, and the parameters of the ploughshare surfaces designed to work at a second predetermined speed of the movement of the unit, entered using a program into a computer device and build both ploughshare-dump surfaces graphically, then approximate them with planes and determine the normals to the latter, combining the obtained normals, determine the numerical value of the angle of setting the working body to the furrow wall and the value of its lateral movement, by which it is necessary to rotate and move the base share-dump surface in accordance with a given speed of movement and agro-technical and technological requirements of the overlap widths working bodies together; the obtained parameters of the plow-heap surface are set by adjusting the base plow-heap surface of the working bodies of the plow through its successive rotations and movements.

The rotation of the working bodies is carried out within the angle γ = 12 °, and the amount of lateral displacements corresponding to the aforementioned angle is a = 70 mm, designed to operate the unit at a given speed, while the first working body of the plow is fixed without the possibility of lateral movement, the second working body moves by an amount equal to ( a ), and the third working body by an amount of (2 a ), the fourth by an amount of (3 a ), respectively.

A device for controlling the parameters of the base LOP contains a control system for the parameters of the plow-heap surface with a hydraulic cylinder mounted on a frame consisting of longitudinal, transverse and load-bearing beams, characterized in that the control system of the plow-heap surface contains telescopic brackets with which the working bodies are connected to the load-bearing beam of the frame, the upper and lower plates for installation of the angle of setting the ploughshare calculated by approximation using a computer device of the body wall to the groove in the range 12 ° and the magnitude of its translational lateral movement; the telescopic bracket is a square tube, one end is rigidly attached to the upper plate, and the other end is inserted with the possibility of movement and mutual fixation using a locking device into the outer pipe of a larger size, rigidly fixed under the supporting beam of the frame; the upper plate with a curved through groove made in it, holes and a graduation applied thereon, is connected to the lower plate with corresponding holes made in it, rigidly and horizontally attached to the upper part of the working body rack, and the plates are interconnected to move relative to each other by means of a mounting axis, on which a castellated nut with a cotter pin is screwed, the radius of movement of the upper plate relative to the lower corresponds to a through curved groove of the upper plate s, which is fixed to the bottom plate by a nut with a finger protection samoraskruchivaniya with the pointer on the graduation showing the amount of movement of plates for a rigid fixing of the upper plate relative to the bottom in the matching hole with a flat finger inserted retainer; for rotation of the working body a screw coupler is installed, one end pivotally connected to the rack of the working body, and the other end pivotally connected to a vertical axis, rigidly attached to the upper plate; while all the working bodies are interconnected by a lever mounted on the axes of the telescopic arms with a gap and the possibility of rotation relative to the axis of the first working body, the body of which is fixed without the possibility of lateral movement, and the lever is pivotally connected to a hydraulic cylinder pivotally attached to the longitudinal beam of the frame, while the displacement value (a) of the second working body is 70 mm, and the next two move to a distance of 2 a and 3 a, respectively.

The locking device of the telescopic square pipes consists of a L-shaped longitudinal rod located in the holes of the mounting brackets with the possibility of rotation, and to which, opposite the working bodies, the holding fingers are rigidly fixed, pivotally connected to the spring clips that are inserted into the holes of the telescopic square pipes the mounting brackets are rigidly fixed to the frame beam.

On the flange of the hydraulic cylinder from the side of the retractable rod, a parallel measuring rod is fixed to it, and on the stop fixed on the rod there is a pointer interacting with the rod.

The graduation on the top plate, the number of fixing holes on the telescopic square pipes, the top and bottom plates, the stop position with a pointer on the measuring rail of the hydraulic cylinder corresponds to four standard angles for setting the working body to the furrow wall of four existing LOPs: cylindrical, cultural, half-screw and screw.

The application of this method allows you to determine the value of the angle of the working body of the plow to the wall of the furrow and the value of its translational lateral movement, depending on the speed of the unit, and set them by using the inventive device on the working body of the plow, which makes it possible to obtain the most rational type of plow dump surface and change the characteristics of the LOP to obtain the best quality soil treatment, work at different speeds of the unit, reduce traction Vågå resistance and thus energy consumption only plowing process.

The totality of the claimed features of the method and device are not known and do not follow explicitly from the prior art, which allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

To implement the inventive method for adjusting the parameters of the basic LOP, a dump plow device is proposed, shown in FIG. 1 - “General device of the dump plow, top view”, figure 2 - “The working body of the plow, rear view”, figure 3 - “The working body of the plow, top view”, figure 4 - “Section BB of figure 3” , Fig.5 - "Section BB of figure 3", Fig.6 - "Section AA of figure 3", Fig.7 - "Connection of the lever with the telescopic bracket and its section along AA", Fig.8- "Locking device", Fig.9 - "Measuring rail with a pointer", Fig.10 - "Scheme of adjustment of the working bodies of the plow."

The proposed dump plow includes working bodies 1 (Fig. 1), a support wheel 35, a control system for the parameters of the plow-blade surface with a hydraulic cylinder 22, a frame consisting of a longitudinal 23, a transverse 34 and a bearing 2 bars. In the proposed device for regulating on the base plow the angle of setting the working body to the wall of the furrow, a control system is used that includes telescopic brackets with which the working bodies 1 are connected to the supporting beam 2 of the frame and the upper 5 and lower plates 17 (Fig. 2 ) to set the angle of the working body 1 to the wall of the furrow. The telescopic bracket is a square tube 4, one end rigidly fixed to the upper plate 5 of the device, and the other end inserted with the possibility of free movement and mutual fixation using a locking device into the outer pipe 6 of a larger size, with a gap between the pipes 1-2 mm, rigidly fixed under the supporting beam of the frame 2. The upper plate 5, in which a curved through groove 15 and holes 16 are made, as well as a graduation is applied, is attached to the lower plate 17 with the corresponding holes rstii, rigidly and horizontally fixed to the upper part of the rack of the working body 11 (figure 2), and the plates are interconnected to move relative to each other by means of a mounting axis 24 (figure 3), on which a castellated nut with a cotter pin 25 (Fig. .four). The radius of movement of the upper plate relative to the lower corresponds to a through curved groove 15 (Fig. 3) of the upper plate 5, in which a finger 26 (Fig. 5) is fixed on the lower plate 17 by means of self-tightening protection with a pointer, according to the graduation, showing the value moving plates. For rigid fixation of the upper plate 5 relative to the lower 17, a finger 28 (Fig. 6) with a flat lock 29 is inserted into the matching holes. To rotate the working body 1, a screw tie 12 is installed (Fig. 2), which is pivotally connected to the stand of the working body 11 at one end, and the other end pivotally connected to a vertical axis 14, rigidly attached to the upper plate 5; while all the working bodies 1 of the plow are interconnected by a lever 18 (Fig. 1) mounted on the axes 3 of the telescopic arms with a gap 20 (Fig. 7) and the possibility of rotation about the axis 19 of the first working body, the body of which is fixed without the possibility of lateral movement, and the lever 18 is pivotally connected to the hydraulic cylinder 22, pivotally attached to the longitudinal beam 23 of the frame.

The locking device of the telescopic square pipes consists of a L-shaped longitudinal rod 7 located in the holes of the mounting brackets 8 (Fig. 8) with the possibility of rotation, and to which, opposite the working bodies 1, the holding fingers 9 are rigidly fixed, pivotally connected to the spring clips 10 inserted into the holes of the telescopic square pipes, while the mounting brackets 8 are rigidly fixed to the supporting beam 2 of the frame.

On the flange 30 (Fig.9) of the hydraulic cylinder 22 from the side of the retractable rod 21, parallel to it, is fixed measuring rail 31, and on the stop 32, fixed to the rod 21 - pointer 33, interacting with the rail 31.

The graduation on the top plate 5, the number of fixing holes 16 on the telescopic square pipes 4, 6, the top 5 and the bottom 17 plates, the stop position 32 with the pointer 33 on the measuring rail 31 of the hydraulic cylinder 22 corresponds to four standard angles of the working body to the furrow wall of four existing LOP: cylindrical, cultural, half-screw and screw.

The method of regulating the working bodies of the plow is as follows: first we determine the value of the angle of setting the working body to the wall of the furrow using a computer device, for which the working body with certain parameters of the LOP, designed to work at the first specified speed of the unit V _1, "put" into the computer ; in the computer, we build another working body of the dump plow with certain parameters of the LOP, designed to work at the second specified speed of the unit V ₂ ; we approximate both LOPs (approximation - from the Latin: “approaching”, approximate expression of some quantities or geometric images in terms of others, simpler), in this case, a complex curved LOP is represented by several tangent planes to which the normals find. Combine the obtained normals by successive turns and movements of the LOP, designed to operate at the speed of the unit V ₂ . On a computer device, the numerical value of the angle of the working body to the furrow wall (γ) is determined (Fig. 10) and the lateral displacement (a), to which the working bodies of the dump plow, designed for high-quality work at speed V ₁ , must be moved.

The dump plow by working bodies with variable parameters of the plow-blade surface is regulated depending on the soil and climatic conditions of the plow, which can vary over a wide range in a fairly short time. Regulation of the LOP parameters includes the installation of the necessary angles for setting the working body to the furrow wall.

Adjusting the parameters of the plow-dump surface of the base working bodies using the developed device is as follows:

we take out the locking finger 28 (Fig.6) with a flat lock 29 from the combined hole 16 of the upper 5 and lower 17 of the plate and by rotating the screw tie 12 (Fig.2) in one direction or another we make the lower plate 17 rotate on the axis 24 (Fig.4 ) relative to the top 5, and set the angle (γ) received on the computer. The numerical value of the angle (γ) is fixed with the index finger 26 (Fig. 5) located in the graded curved through groove 15 (Fig. 3).

After setting the angle (γ), the upper 5 and lower 17 plates are fixed using a locking finger 28 with a flat lock 29 and a screw tie 12 (figure 2).

We install the stop 32 (Fig. 9) with the pointer 33 on the rod 21 of the hydraulic cylinder 22 at the level of the measuring rod 31 equal to the value (a) obtained on the computer, and fix the stop 32 with the pointer 33 in this position.

By turning the L-shaped rod 7 (Fig. 1) we raise the holding fingers 9 (Fig. 8) upward, thereby lifting the spring clips 10 and disengaging the telescopic rectangular pipes 4, 6.

Then we turn on the hydraulic cylinder 22 (Fig. 1), which retracts or extends the rod 21, thereby creating the necessary overlap of the working bodies 1 of the dump plow with each other and the maximum width of each of them. All the working bodies 1 are moved progressively and sideways, except for the first, due to the lever 18. Due to the fact that the working bodies 1 move around the circumference, the existing gap 20 (Fig. 7) does not allow telescopic rectangular pipes to wedge each other during movement relative to a friend. The first plow body is fixed rigidly and does not produce any lateral movements except for changing the angle (γ) due to the above mechanism.

We turn the L-shaped rod 7 back, thereby holding the fingers 9 are lowered down, and spring clips 10 fix the relative position of the telescopic rectangular pipes 4, 6.

The dump plow is ready for high-quality work at the speed of the unit V ₂ , i.e. the operations led to the maximum possible combination of the points of the LOP designed to work at speed V1 with the points of the LOP designed to work at the speed of the unit V ₂ .

It should be noted that currently there are the following types of LOP with angles (γ) between the furrow wall and the working body: high-speed LOP with an angle between the share share and the furrow wall - 36 °, half-screw LOP - 40 ° (screw LOP is its type), cultural LOP - 44 °, cylindrical - 48 °.

Thus, the rotation of the working bodies is carried out within the angle γ = 12 °, and the lateral displacements corresponding to the above-mentioned angles are equal to a = 70 mm, while all working bodies move around the circumference (except for the first, which is fixed rigidly), so the second working body moves by a value equal to a , the third working body - by a value of 2 a , the fourth working body - by a value of 3 a (figure 10).

Changing the angle of installation of the working body to the wall of the furrow makes it possible to obtain the most rational type of ploughshare-dump surface.

Thus, using standard tractor pulling power, the design in question allows:

change the characteristics of the plow-heap surface depending on the speed of the unit, to obtain the best quality soil treatment;

as soon as possible to get a tool for high-quality processing of various soils;

increase the working speed of the tractor during tillage;

reduce the energy intensity of the technological process of soil cultivation and, accordingly, reduce fuel consumption.

The use of the proposed method in agriculture for determining and regulating the parameters of the LOP of the working bodies of the dump plow for the main tillage and the regulation device will reduce the cost of production and get additional profit by reducing fuel consumption and increasing yields.

Claims (6)

1. The method of determining and adjusting the parameters of the plow-dump surface of the working body of the plow when operating at different speeds of movement of the unit, which consists in adjusting the angles characterizing the plough-dump surface, characterized in that they determine the value of the angle of setting the ploughshare of the working body to the furrow wall and its value translational lateral movement depending on the speed of movement of the unit using a computer device, for which the parameters of the base plow-dump surface are intended value for working at the first set speed of the unit, and the parameters of the plow-blade surface designed to work at the second set speed of the unit are entered using a program into a computer device and both plows and heap surfaces are built graphically, then they are approximated by their planes and normal to the latter, combining the obtained normals, determine the numerical value of the angle of the working body to the furrow wall and the magnitude of its lateral movement, which must be turned and to move the base ploughshare-dump surface in accordance with a given speed of movement and agrotechnical and technological requirements for overlapping the width of the working bodies with each other; the obtained parameters of the plow-heap surface are set by adjusting the base plow-heap surface of the working bodies of the plow through its successive rotations and movements. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation of the working bodies is carried out within the angle γ = 12 °, and the amount of lateral displacements corresponding to the aforementioned angle is equal to a = 70 mm, designed to operate the unit at a given speed, while the first the working body of the plow is fixed without the possibility of lateral movement, the second working body moves by an amount equal to ( a ), and the third working body by an amount of (2 a ), the fourth by an amount of (3 a ), respectively. 3. A device for controlling the parameters of the plow-heap surface of the working bodies of the plow, including a control system for the parameters of the plow-heap surface with a hydraulic cylinder, mounted on a frame consisting of longitudinal, transverse and bearing beams, characterized in that the control system of the plow-heap surface contains telescopic brackets with which the working bodies are connected to the supporting beam of the frame, the upper and lower plates for installation calculated by approximation using a computer angle γ about the device setting coulter working member to the wall of the furrow between 12 ° and the magnitude of its translational lateral movement; the telescopic bracket is a square tube, one end is rigidly attached to the upper plate, and the other end is inserted with the possibility of movement and mutual fixation using a locking device into the outer pipe of a larger size, rigidly fixed under the supporting beam of the frame; the upper plate with a curved through groove made in it, holes and a graduation applied thereon, is connected to the lower plate with corresponding holes made in it, rigidly and horizontally attached to the upper part of the working body rack, and the plates are interconnected to move relative to each other by means of a mounting axis, on which a castellated nut with a cotter pin is screwed, the radius of movement of the upper plate relative to the lower corresponds to a through curved groove of the upper plate s, which is fixed to the bottom plate by a nut with a finger protection samoraskruchivaniya with the pointer on the graduation showing the amount of movement of plates for a rigid fixing of the upper plate relative to the bottom in the matching hole with a flat finger inserted retainer; for rotation of the working body a screw coupler is installed, one end pivotally connected to the rack of the working body, and the other end pivotally connected to a vertical axis, rigidly attached to the upper plate; while all the working bodies are interconnected by a lever mounted on the axes of the telescopic arms with a gap and the possibility of rotation relative to the axis of the first working body, the body of which is fixed without the possibility of lateral movement, and the lever is pivotally connected to a hydraulic cylinder pivotally attached to the longitudinal beam of the frame, while the displacement value ( a ) of the second working body is 70 mm, and the next two move to a distance of 2 a and 3 a, respectively. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the fixing device of the telescopic square pipes consists of a L-shaped longitudinal rod located in the holes of the mounting brackets with the possibility of rotation, and to which, opposite the working bodies, the holding fingers are rigidly fixed, pivotally connected to spring clamps inserted into the holes of the telescopic square pipes, and at the same time the mounting brackets are rigidly fixed to the frame bearing beam. 5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that on the flange of the hydraulic cylinder from the side of the retractable rod, a measuring rod is fixed parallel to it, and a pointer interacting with the rod is fixed on the stop fixed to the rod. 6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the graduation on the upper plate, the number of fixing holes on the telescopic square pipes, upper and lower plates, stop positions with a pointer on the measuring rail of the hydraulic cylinder correspond to four standard angles for setting the share of the working body to the furrow wall at four ploughshare-dump surfaces: high-speed, cylindrical, cultural, half-screw.

Images