RU2453102C1 - Cane harvester for mainly level areas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used for harvesting industrial crops. The harvester comprises a self-propelled chassis, a hydraulic hitch, a reaper, a conveyor of plants and a trailer. On the hydraulic hitch above the reaper a capturer-divider of plants is mounted, which separates the plants from the entire land. The capturer-divider consists of two chain-slatted conveyors mounted on the base with the ability to adjust them by height, angle of inclination and the distance between them. The drive of the leading shafts of the chain-slatted conveyors is carried out from the hydraulic motor through a synchronising chain transmission.

EFFECT: harvester reduces labor intensity of harvesting and cane losses.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, specifically to machines for harvesting industrial crops.

Known mower high-speed mounted KS-F-2,1B [1] allows you to mow reeds in flat areas with laying the mowed mass in swath. It consists of the following main components: a segmented-finger type cutting apparatus, a frame, a drive mechanism, and a springing tilt mechanism.

Since reeds grow in wetlands, the subsequent harvesting of the mown mass with the KS-F-2,1B mower is a rather labor-intensive operation that requires special machines to select long-stemmed crops.

Known mower loader E-062/1 [2], which allows you to mow natural grass and load the mown mass in vehicles. The main components of this mower: frame, cutting apparatus, reel, receiving conveyor, elevator and drive mechanisms.

Since the reeds have a large spread in height from 1 m to 3.5 m, and the reel adjustment range in height is small and the adjustment is carried out manually, damage to tall plants and incomplete mowing of low ones are inevitable. In addition, the E-062/1 mower loader is trailed, which makes it difficult to maneuver on marshy soils.

Known reed mower VMZh-200 [2] or an analogue of SM-12. It is designed for mowing reeds on rivers and ponds.

Main components: a boat with two drive wheels, an engine, a two-stage gearbox, a cutting apparatus, a drive and a control mechanism.

This reed mower, firstly, dumps the mown mass into water and does not collect it, and secondly, it works only on the surface of the water, and only 10-15% of reeds grow directly in the water, which reduces the efficiency of its use.

Also known is a combine for harvesting sorghum broom [3], which we took as a prototype. The harvester is a self-propelled chassis with a direct-flow external threshing chamber mounted on it, a hydraulic hitch, a hopper, a header, a plant conveyor and a trailer.

The direct-flow remote threshing chamber threshes the plants on the vine, collects and transports the grain to the hopper. The hydraulic hitch allows you to install a direct-flow remote threshing chamber to the required threshing height. The threshed plants emerging from the direct-flow external threshing chamber fall onto the header. The cutting height of the plants by the header is adjustable. Mowed plants under the action of inertia are stacked on the plant conveyor and transported to the trailer. The speed of the conveyor belt is adjustable.

The disadvantage of this combine is that when harvesting reeds, it is not necessary to thresh it. When removing a direct-flow remote threshing chamber, you can use it to clean the reeds, but it does not provide high-quality with minimal loss of cleaning.

The invention consists in the following.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of harvesting reeds mainly on flat areas.

The technical result is a decrease in the complexity of harvesting and losses of reeds.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that a well-known combine containing a self-propelled chassis, hydraulic linkage, header, conveyor plants and a trailer mounted on a hydraulic linkage divider-capture plants. Due to the fact that the divider-seizure of plants consists of two chain-slat conveyors, on the planks of which spring clamps of plants are mounted in a checkerboard pattern, and on the basis of it, fixed stops for opening spring clamps are installed, the above technical result is achieved.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of the proposed harvester (side view). Figure 2 shows a diagram of the proposed harvester (top view). Figure 3 presents a diagram of a divider-capture plants (side view). Figure 4 presents a diagram of a divider-capture plants (top view). The reed harvester mainly on flat areas (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) contains a self-propelled chassis 1, a hydraulic hitch 2, a header 3, a plant conveyor 4, a trailer 5. A divider-grip of plants is mounted on the hydraulic hitch 2 (see figure 3 and figure 4), consisting of two chain-slat conveyors 6 mounted on the base 7, which has a ball bearing 8, connecting it with a hydraulic hitch 2. On the slats of the chain-slat conveyors 6 are mounted in a checkerboard pattern spring clamps of plants 9, the length of which is not more than mini cial distance between the chain-slatted conveyors 6.

The drive chain-belt conveyors 6 includes a hydraulic motor 10, a drive shaft 11 and a timing chain transmission 12.

The hinged system is connected to the right cape 13 of the base 7 with a tie 14 having an adjustment device 15.

On the basis of 7 in the place of exit of plants from the divider-capture fixed stops 16 open the spring grips 9.

The harvester for harvesting reeds mainly on flat areas works as follows.

When the combine is moving along the site where the reeds are to be removed, the plants are separated by the head width of the header 3 by capes 13 of the base 7 of the plant divider-grip from the general array. The extreme plants are captured by spring grippers 9 of the chain-slat conveyors 6 and move to the cutting apparatus of the header 3. Due to the reduction of the distance between the left and right chain-slat conveyors 6, when approaching the conveyor of plants 4 and the harvester moves towards the uncleaned area, the plants come closer to each other friend and compaction of the mass, which ensures their retention and high-quality cut by the reaper 3. Plants after the cut are stacked on the plant conveyor 4, which feeds them to the trailer 5.

In order to capture more plants when feeding them to the cutting unit of the header 3, the spring grippers 9 are staggered on the chain-slat conveyors 6. The release of cut plants from spring grips 9 of all rows is carried out using fixed stops 16.

Depending on the height of the reed to be removed, the position of the capes 13 in height and the angle of installation of the divider-capture of plants to the horizon is adjusted using a hydraulic hitch 2. The horizontal arrangement of the left and right capes 13 of the base 7 of the divider-capture of plants, based on a ball bearing 8, is controlled by a change the length of the stretch 14 using the adjusting device 15.

The chain-slat conveyors 6 are driven by a hydraulic motor 10 included in the hydraulic system of the self-propelled chassis 1, the drive shaft 11, through a synchronizing chain gear 12 located under the divider-gripper of plants at a height greater than the cut height of the plants.

information sources

1. Pronichev N.P. Handbook of the machine operator: Textbook. allowance for the beginning. prof. Education / N.P. Pronichev. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2003, - p.136-137.

2. The catalog "Agricultural machinery" - Moscow region: TSNIITEI, 1975, - p.305-308.

3. Ryadnov A.I. The harvester removes the broom sorghum / A. Ryadnov, A. Skvortsov, R. Sharipov // Rural machine operator - No. 7. - 2004, - p. 8-9.

Claims (5)

1. The reed harvester mainly on flat areas, containing a self-propelled chassis, a hydraulic hitch, a header, a conveyor belt and a trailer, characterized in that a divider-grip of plants consisting of two chain-slat conveyors mounted on a hydraulic hitch above the header is installed base with the ability to change their installation in height, adjust the angle of inclination and the distance between them, with a synchronizing transmission in the drive of the drive shafts. 2. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that spring grips of plants are mounted in a checkerboard pattern on chain-slat conveyors. 3. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that on the base at the place of exit of the plants from the divider-gripper, fixed stops for opening the spring grippers are installed. 4. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the base of the chain-slat conveyors has a ball bearing. 5. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the synchronizing transmission is made in the form of a chain transmission system.

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