RU2415357C1 - Acoustic thermal drier - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: drier includes drying compartment with soundproof machines and loading-unloading device, sources of acoustic vibrations, device for supply of heated air to chamber and rotary drive. Drier includes pistons in number of n≥2, which serve as sources of acoustic vibrations and located inside the compartment so that they divide it into sections in the ratio of volumes where movement of pistons is performed in opposite phase, volume V≥2V₁, where V₁ - volume of the compartment section with single-phase movement of piston, which are kinematically connected to controlled drive of their back-and-forth movement by means of rod interacting with slider-crank mechanism and with the pin fixed on the drive shaft disk; at that, between pistons the rod interacts with hinge-lever system providing opposite phase movement of pistons, and blades the width of which is less than inner radius of chamber are installed on inner surface of drying compartment throughout its length. Pistons are arranged in guides and enclosed with grid.

EFFECT: invention shall provide improvement of efficiency and reduction of cost of the drier.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to means for drying various capillary-porous materials, agricultural products, biomedical products, food products and can be used in other industries.

In the known scheme of an acoustic dryer, the drying speed is achieved by the rational use of acoustic energy (patent No. 2239137, CL F26B 5/02. Method for drying capillary-porous materials). The technological volume in the form of a toroid with the material to be dried is placed in a large volume figure having two identical truncated ellipses in cross section. An ultrasound source is located in a common focus for two ellipses, and the dried material is placed in the region of the second foci. Due to multiple reflections from the inner surfaces of the dryer, the efficiency of the use of acoustic energy is increased. This dryer is limited by the volume of dried material, it is difficult to manufacture, and the use of ultrasound is ineffective for drying.

A dryer operating at lower frequencies (150 Hz) is more efficient (patent No. 2095707, class F26B 17/12. Device for drying capillary-porous materials). The drying chamber is made in the form of a sound duct. The device contains a sound emitter, including a piston with a rod and a sound source. A drying chamber is located coaxially with the emitter, inside of which there are containers with the material to be dried, and a sound absorber is installed in the output section of the channel. The device operates as follows. Wet material is loaded into containers, shutters are closed and the sound source is turned on. At a fixed frequency of the emitted sound, the position of the piston is selected so that the sound intensity is maximum. The sound extracts moisture, which is removed from the chamber by the exhaust air of the Hartmann jet generator. This device has the disadvantage of intensifying the process of removing moisture due to convective drying with unheated air. In addition, gas-jet emitters are not highly efficient and require compressed air for their operation.

The closest in technical level and the achieved result is the patent No. 2283995, CL. F26B 9/06. A device for drying capillary-porous materials by the acoustothermal method, which we took as a prototype. The use of acoustic and thermal energy for drying materials reduces energy costs. The drying device includes a drying chamber with soundproof partitions dividing its volume into insulated sections, each of which is equipped with a separate sound source, as well as a source of heated air. This drying device has significant drawbacks due to the alternate supply of hot air to the sections with an interval of 1 hour, also occurs with the operation of sound sources, which, of course, lengthens the drying process and reduces productivity. Since the dried material in each section lies motionless, the efficiency of convective drying of bulk materials is small. Since each section of the dryer is equipped with a separate sound source, this increases the cost of the dryer.

The technical task to be solved is increasing productivity and reducing the cost of an acoustothermic dryer.

The technical problem to be solved in an acoustothermal dryer containing a drying chamber with soundproof walls and a loading and unloading device, sources of acoustic vibrations, a device for supplying heated air to the chamber and a rotation drive is achieved by the fact that the dryer contains pistons in the amount of n≥ as sources of acoustic vibrations 2, located inside the chamber with its division into sections in the ratio of volumes, where the pistons move in antiphase, the volume is V≥2V ₁ , where V ₁ is the volume of the chamber section with single-phase kinetic movement of the piston kinematically associated with an adjustable drive of their reciprocating movement by means of a thrust interacting with a crank-slide mechanism and with a finger fixed to the drive shaft disk, while the thrust interacts between the pistons with a hinged-lever system providing antiphase movement of the pistons, and on the inner surface of the drying chamber along its entire length, blades are installed whose width is less than the inner radius of the chamber. Pistons are placed in guides and fenced with a grid. A groove is made on the drive disc for the possibility of radial finger movement.

Figure 1 presents a General view of an acoustothermic dryer; figure 2 - drive sources of acoustic vibrations, figure 3 - section aa in figure 1.

In an example of a specific implementation, an acousto-thermal dryer contains a drying chamber 1 with soundproof walls 2, which is a hollow cylinder with a loading and unloading device 3, mounted on supports 4 with the possibility of rotation from the drive 5. The dryer contains pistons 6 in the amount of n as sources of acoustic vibrations ≥2, where n-number of natural numbers 2, 3, ..., disposed within the chamber dividing it into sections in volume ratio, wherein the piston motion is in opposite phase, the volume V≥2V _1, wherein V ₁ - volume section amers single-phase movement of the piston (1). The pistons 6 are kinematically connected with an adjustable drive 7 of their reciprocating movement by means of a rod 8 interacting with a crank-slide mechanism 9 and with a finger 10 mounted on the disk 11 of the drive shaft 12. The finger 10 is installed in the radial groove 13 with the possibility of movement (figure 2). Between the pistons 6, the rod 8 interacts with the articulated lever system 14, which provides the out-of-phase movement of the pistons. Pistons 6 are installed in cylindrical guides 15 and are fenced with a mesh 16. On the inner surface of the drying chamber 1 along the entire length of the blades 17 are installed, the width of which is less than the inner radius of the drying chamber. The acoustothermic dryer is equipped with a device for supplying heated air 18 to the chamber.

Acoustic-thermal dryer operates as follows. In the drying chamber 1 through the loading device 3 is loaded material 19 for drying, for example grain. The device 3 is closed and the drive 5 rotates the camera. The device 18 for supplying hot air to the drying chamber and the drive 7 for the reciprocating movement of sources of acoustic vibrations 6 is turned on. The material is affected by warm air and acoustic vibrations, the frequency of which is controlled by the drive 7, and the amplitude by moving the finger 10 into the groove 13 of the disk 11. This allows over a wide range of effects on the material to be dried by both infrasonic and sound vibrations, which leads to the displacement of moisture from the capillaries of the material to the outside and its removal by heated air. The increase in drying efficiency and productivity is facilitated by the presence of blades that ensure contact of each particle of the material with the coolant and acoustic vibrations. The humidified air is removed by the fan 20. To increase the uniformity of drying, the drying chamber is divided by sources of acoustic vibrations into sections equalizing the acoustic effect on the dried material during single-phase and antiphase movement of the pistons. Unloading of the dried material is carried out through the device 3 to the receiver 21. This allows you to make the blades, the width of which is less than the inner radius of the drying chamber.

Of particular note is the out-of-phase movement of the pistons, which allows you to find the resonant mode in which drying will be most effective. The presence of mechanical acoustic sources reduces the cost of the dryer, which is also facilitated by the presence of one drive for several acoustic emitters.

The simultaneous thermal and acoustic impact on each particle of the dried material makes the dryer a completely new and high-performance one.

Claims (3)

1. Acoustic-thermal dryer for drying agricultural products, biomedicals and other capillary-porous materials, containing a drying chamber with soundproofing machines and a loading and unloading device, sources of acoustic vibrations, a device for supplying heated air to the chamber and a rotation drive, characterized in that the dryer contains as sources of acoustic vibrations pistons in the amount of n≥2 located inside the chamber with its division into sections in the ratio of volumes, where the movement of the pistons pr occurs in antiphase, the volume is V≥2V ₁ , where V ₁ is the volume of the chamber section with single-phase piston movement kinematically associated with an adjustable drive for their reciprocating movement by means of a rod interacting with a crank-slide mechanism and with a finger fixed to the drive shaft disk in this case, between the pistons, the thrust interacts with a hinged-lever system providing antiphase movement of the pistons, and blades are installed on the inner surface of the drying chamber along its length, the width of which is smaller than the inner a radius of the chamber. 2. An acoustothermic dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that a groove is made on the drive disc for the possibility of radial finger bias. 3. Acoustic-thermal dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the pistons are placed in the guides and fenced with a grid.

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