RU202180U1 - A BOAT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model refers to boats made of low pressure polyethylene and fiberglass. It can be used in the manufacture of rowing and motor boats, as well as deck boats and yachts. The boat consists of two solid parts connected to each other: upper and lower. Upper - deck part is made of one-piece fiberglass. The lower part contains the bottom, side skin, transom and is made of a single integral part of low pressure polyethylene. The upper and lower parts are connected to each other in the area of the bending section of their edges. EFFECT: increased service life of the boat, which is achieved by reducing the problem of hydrolysis in the bottom area and reducing the fragility of the deck part of the boat from its operation. 3 C.p. f-ly, 1 dwg

Description

The utility model refers to boats made of low pressure polyethylene and fiberglass. It can be used in the manufacture of rowing and motor boats, as well as deck boats and yachts.

The most common material and generally used for yacht construction, thanks to the reusability of the mold as the base for the boat shape. The resulting structure is highly resilient but typically requires reinforcement with multiple dense layers of resin-impregnated fiberglass or wood or foam sheathing to provide rigidity. GRP housings are corrosion free. It can be durable fiberglass or a variety called 'sandwich' (cored), in which the core is balsa, foam or a similar substance is embedded in the mold after the outer layer of fiberglass has already been introduced, but before the inner layer is created. shell shell. This is similar to another type of material - composite, but it is classified differently, since the base material in this case does not provide the same strength. But it is still more durable, as this technology uses less plastic and fiberglass and is lighter in weight. Most fiberglass new yachts are now built in open molds, so fiberglass and plastic are hand-lay-up. Some yachts are built using vacuum infusion, where fibers are first applied and then plastic is embedded under atmospheric pressure. This contributes to greater strength with a high content of glass fibers and less - plastics, does not require special materials and more precise technology.

Another technical problem with plastic is its susceptibility to abrasion. In other words, the gelcoat is simply erased on the sand of the shore. The keel is especially susceptible to this. Therefore, experienced owners of plastic boats stick to the middle of the bottom of the keel protection - keelguard.

Another technical problem for a fiberglass boat is fiberglass hydrolysis.

To date, no gelcoat material is known to provide 100% water resistance.

The water molecule is very small. This property allows water to penetrate the gelcoat into the fiberglass (laminate) due to the use of polyester resins in the production of fiberglass. Any polyester resin has water-soluble components. These components are highly hygroscopic, i.e. attract water. Water reacts with water-soluble fiberglass components, forming a solution consisting of a bouquet of various acids. This is the hydrolysis of plastic.

The resulting acidic solution eats away at the surrounding plastic, again forming water-soluble substances and acids. This self-sufficient process will continue until the complete destruction of fiberglass or until the water supply stops.

You often hear the expression "plastic osmosis". In short, in this case osmosis is the attraction of water molecules to the water-soluble substances of polyester resins. Those. here osmosis is part of hydrolysis.

Older fiberglass yachts built prior to the 1990s were manufactured in uncontrolled temperature environments and therefore often suffer from fungus that grows in the fiberglass where seawater enters the pores (the "osmosis" phenomenon). Sometimes this problem also arises from atmospheric moisture penetrating into the upper layer during the construction of the yacht.

These older yacht models absorbed moisture and made the boats heavier.

This problem is solved in most yacht yards by coating the fiberglass with a high quality gelcoat, as tightly and best as possible.

But this solution to the problem of making the boat heavier from "osmosis" led to a new problem. Part of the water, albeit small, is still filtered through it. And there is still no return of moisture to the outside through a good gelcoat, which leads to the formation of so-called "bubbles" when the inflow of water through the pores and cracks of the gelcoat will exceed its outflow. These bubbles are the result of hydrolysis (and osmosis).

The most negative consequence of hydrolysis is the gradual destruction of the boat's hull material. Particularly insidious is that it is difficult to determine the extent of hydrolysis and the extent of damage without peeling off the gelcoat.

Another consequence of hydrolysis is the softening of the resins and a decrease in their hardness.

According to Craig Bumgarner, head of service for one of the largest North American motor yacht clubs, absolutely all plastic boats made with polyester resins are hydrolyzed to a greater or lesser extent within 5-10 years from the beginning of being in the water.

Another problem with hydrolysis is winter storage.

In frosty winters, when stored in open areas or in unheated rooms, water and liquid accumulated in fiberglass, freezing, mechanically destroy it. Cracks and cavities appear in the laminate. After launching, there will be water there again, and the hydrolysis will go even more intensively.

Also, a significant disadvantage of existing fiberglass sports boats is low buoyancy. In the case when the boat's hull is completely flooded with water, the boat loses its buoyancy. Therefore, to maintain buoyancy, boats are equipped with additional devices (inflatable balloons).

Boats made of HDPE (low pressure polyethylene) have recently been very popular among fishermen, hunters and travelers.

Polyethylene, polypropylene - materials that are resistant to the negative effects of the external environment. They are not afraid of ultraviolet rays, corrosion, high and low temperatures. You don't have to worry if you leave such a craft on the street in frost - nothing will happen to it.

It will be very difficult to sink a plastic boat. The specific gravity of polyethylene is slightly higher than water. This means that in order to sink the boat, you need to punch many holes in the bottom.

And even if you allow damage to the hull of the plastic boat, matches and a plastic bag will be enough to fix it.

Due to their low weight, HDPE boats have excellent maneuverability and have a good carrying capacity.

Polyethylene boats also have disadvantages, the main one being fragility.

The plastic housing is vulnerable to impact with massive or sharp objects and is highly responsive to high and low temperatures. Cracks and scratches appear on the boat from sharp contact with hard objects (stowing cargo and walking on the boat), which can subsequently lead to severe destruction of the hull. Also, UV and frost also negatively affect the plastic coating of the boat hull: both of these factors contribute to the formation of cracks. Of course, manufacturers in Russia are trying to make plastic boats a fairly strong skin, but it does not protect 100% from shocks and natural influences.

If yachts are made of fiberglass [https://yachtsinvest.com/ru/faq/stroitelstvo-novyh-yaht-materialy/] and deck boats, as well as motor and rowboats [https://s-pricepom.ru/stekloplastikovye -lodki /], then only motor and oar boats are made of HDPE (see: [https://motorlodok.ru/lodki-plastikovye-vidy-modeli-proizvoditeli/#i-3]).

Thus, comparing the technical problems of fiberglass boats and HDPE boats, we can conclude that the main problem for fiberglass boats is hydrolysis, which comes from the contact of the boat bottom with water. And the boats made of HDPE, with their light weight, have the fragility of the deck part of the boat, which is most exposed to the influence of the person who operates it, the deck part especially suffers from massive cargo and sharp objects.

Known boat, the hull of which is made entirely of multilayer plastic. Two outer layers are made of polyethylene, the inner layer is also made of polyethylene with the addition of various fillers - reinforcing material, for example, fiberglass or other similar fillers, (see patent EP0297801, IPC 5 В32В 27/20; В63В 5/24, publ .: 01/04/1989.). The solution was chosen as a prototype.

The technical problem of this solution is the use of a fiberglass reinforcing material as a filler, which complicates the boat manufacturing technology and does not solve the problem of the fragility of the deck part.

The task of the utility model is to eliminate the indicated technical problems and create a boat that would not have these drawbacks and would increase the service life of the boat.

The technical result is an increase in the service life of the boat, which is achieved by reducing the problem of hydrolysis in the bottom area and reducing the fragility of the deck part of the boat from its operation.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the declared boat is made of polyethylene and fiberglass elements connected to each other, characterized in that the boat consists of two solid parts connected to each other: upper and lower, where the upper - deck part is made an integral part of fiberglass, and the lower one contains a bottom, side skin, transom, and is made of a single integral part of low pressure polyethylene, and the upper and lower parts are connected to each other in the area of the bend of their edges.

Preferably, the section where the edges of the upper and lower parts are joined is at least 2 cm wide.

Preferably, a spacer is disposed in the space between the joint flange portions of the upper and lower portions.

Rubber, silicone, aluminum can be used as a gasket.

The utility model is illustrated by a drawing.

In the drawing: 1 - lower part of the boat, 2 - upper part of the boat, 3 - gasket, 4 - glue layer, 5 - bend area of the bottom edge, 6 - bend area of the upper edge.

Implementation of the utility model

The boat according to the utility model is made of polyethylene and fiberglass elements connected to each other.

What's new (see Fig.) Is that the boat consists of two solid parts connected to each other: upper 2 and lower 1.

The upper part 2 (deck part) is made of an integral part of fiberglass, and the lower part 1 contains the bottom, side skin, transom, and is made of a single integral part of low pressure polyethylene.

In this case, the upper 2 and lower 1 parts are connected to each other in the area of the fold sections 6 and 5 of their edges, respectively. This connection is necessary to ensure a solid one-piece boat structure. The shape of the edges of the upper 2 and lower 1 parts of the boat coincide in such a way that it is possible for their edges to come into contact. This circumstance makes it possible to connect the upper 2 and lower 1 parts of the boat with each other.

The section of joining the edge 6 of the upper 2 and the edge 5 of the lower 1 parts can be made at least 2 cm wide. The smaller width will not provide the necessary strength of the connection of the lower 1 and upper 2 parts into a single boat hull.

For the convenience of the connection, a gasket 3 can be located in the interval between the connected sections 6 and 5 of the bend of the edges of the upper 2 and lower 1 parts. The gasket 3 has the character of a damper or a connecting element for adhesion of the sealant or adhesive layer 4, which connects the upper 2 and lower 1 parts of the boat ...

Rubber, silicone, aluminum can be used as gasket 3.

Due to the fact that the lower 1 part of the boat is made of low pressure polyethylene, the problem of hydrolysis inherent in the contact of the fiberglass bottom of the boat with water is excluded. And due to the fact that the upper deck part of the boat is made of fiberglass, during its operation, the deck suffers less from massive cargo and sharp objects than the deck of HDPE boats.

Thus, it is possible to increase the service life of the boat, which is achieved by reducing the problem of hydrolysis in the bottom area and reducing the fragility of the deck part of the boat from its operation.

In addition to the adhesive 4 joints of the lower 1 and upper 2 parts of the boat, a sealant, a fastening joint (screws, bolts), a riveting joint, a detachable joint using locks, tongue-and-groove joints or latches can also be used.

Claims (4)

1. A boat made of polyethylene and fiberglass elements connected to each other, characterized in that the boat consists of two solid parts connected to each other: upper and lower, where the upper - deck part is made of an integral part of fiberglass, and the lower one contains the bottom, side skin, transom and is made of a single integral part of low pressure polyethylene, and the upper and lower parts are connected to each other in the area of the bend of their edges. 2. The boat according to claim 1, characterized in that the section of joining the edges of the upper and lower parts is made at least 2 cm wide. 3. A boat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a spacer is located in the space between the connected sections of the bending of the edges of the upper and lower parts. 4. A boat according to claim 3, characterized in that rubber, silicone, and aluminum are used as the gasket.

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