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RU2014136575A - Покрытие для восстановления оксидов азота - Google Patents

Покрытие для восстановления оксидов азота Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2014136575A
RU2014136575A RU2014136575A RU2014136575A RU2014136575A RU 2014136575 A RU2014136575 A RU 2014136575A RU 2014136575 A RU2014136575 A RU 2014136575A RU 2014136575 A RU2014136575 A RU 2014136575A RU 2014136575 A RU2014136575 A RU 2014136575A
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Prior art keywords
catalyst
catalytic
catalytic coating
nitrogen oxides
structure according
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RU2014136575A
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English (en)
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RU2648045C2 (ru
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Теуво Маунула
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Дайнекс Экокат Ой
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
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    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
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    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
    • B01D53/9468—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different layers
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Abstract

1. Каталитическое покрытие для применения в качестве гидролитического катализатора (Г-катализатора) для восстановления оксидов азота, отличающееся тем, что в качестве соединения, адсорбирующего HNCO и оксиды азота, Г-катализатор содержит лантан и дополнительно содержит одно или несколько соединений, являющееся или являющихся щелочным и/или щелочно-земельным металлом, и/или иттрием, и/или гафнием, и/или празеодимом, и/или галлием, и/или цирконием.2. Каталитическое покрытие по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что Г-катализатор содержит каталитическое покрытие на основе диоксида титана, предпочтительно в форме анатаза, на основе SiO, на основе цеолита, предпочтительно ZSM-5 и/или в бета форме, и/или на основе двуокиси циркония.3. Каталитическое покрытие по п. 1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что Г-катализатор содержит восстановитель, являющийся мочевиной и/или восстановитель, включающий NHгруппу (i=1-4).4. Каталитическое покрытие по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что Г-катализатор содержит соединение, адсорбирующее оксиды азота и представляющий собой один или несколько щелочных или щелочноземельных металлов, выбранных из группы, состоящей из Ва, Sr, Ca, K, Na, Rb, Cs.5. Каталитическое покрытие по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что Г-катализатор содержит некоторое щелочное соединение в концентрации в диапазоне 0,1-80%, предпочтительно в пределах 0,5-20%.6. Каталитическое покрытие по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что Г-катализатор содержит каталитическое покрытие, наносимое на одну или более последовательных структур сетчатого типа, обеспечивает эффективное смешивание и взаимодействие с восстановителем в каталитическом покрытии.7. Каталитическая структура, отличающаяся тем, что включает в себя гидролитический катализатор (Г-катализатор),

Claims (17)

1. Каталитическое покрытие для применения в качестве гидролитического катализатора (Г-катализатора) для восстановления оксидов азота, отличающееся тем, что в качестве соединения, адсорбирующего HNCO и оксиды азота, Г-катализатор содержит лантан и дополнительно содержит одно или несколько соединений, являющееся или являющихся щелочным и/или щелочно-земельным металлом, и/или иттрием, и/или гафнием, и/или празеодимом, и/или галлием, и/или цирконием.
2. Каталитическое покрытие по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что Г-катализатор содержит каталитическое покрытие на основе диоксида титана, предпочтительно в форме анатаза, на основе SiO2, на основе цеолита, предпочтительно ZSM-5 и/или в бета форме, и/или на основе двуокиси циркония.
3. Каталитическое покрытие по п. 1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что Г-катализатор содержит восстановитель, являющийся мочевиной и/или восстановитель, включающий NHi-группу (i=1-4).
4. Каталитическое покрытие по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что Г-катализатор содержит соединение, адсорбирующее оксиды азота и представляющий собой один или несколько щелочных или щелочноземельных металлов, выбранных из группы, состоящей из Ва, Sr, Ca, K, Na, Rb, Cs.
5. Каталитическое покрытие по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что Г-катализатор содержит некоторое щелочное соединение в концентрации в диапазоне 0,1-80%, предпочтительно в пределах 0,5-20%.
6. Каталитическое покрытие по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что Г-катализатор содержит каталитическое покрытие, наносимое на одну или более последовательных структур сетчатого типа, обеспечивает эффективное смешивание и взаимодействие с восстановителем в каталитическом покрытии.
7. Каталитическая структура, отличающаяся тем, что включает в себя гидролитический катализатор (Г-катализатор), содержащий каталитическое покрытие по любому из пп. 1-6.
8. Каталитическая структура по п. 7, отличающаяся тем, что структура содержит также покрытие СКВ (селективное каталитическое восстановление)-катализатора, в котором NH3, генерируемый Г-катализатором, способен реагировать.
9. Каталитическая структура по п. 7 или 8, отличающаяся тем, что СКВ-катализатор включает TiO2, SiO2, SAPO, цеолит такой как ZSM-5, бета-цеолит, феррьерит, Y-цеолит или их смесь в качестве поддерживающей среды, а также ванадий, вольфрам, молибден, медь, железо, церий или их смесь в качестве активного металла.
10. Каталитическая структура по п. 7, отличающаяся тем, что ячеистая структура состоит, по меньшей мере, из одной диагонально извитой и/или плоской фольги или сетки способной производить радиальное и внутриканальное смешивание.
11. Каталитическая структура по п. 7, отличающаяся тем, что каталитическая структура дополнительно снабжена малой площадью поверхности покрытия (4), функция которого заключается в работе связывающим/экранирующим слоем между ячеистой структурой и слоями катализатора.
12. Каталитическая структура по п. 7, отличающаяся тем, что наряду с Г-катализатором содержит окислительный катализатор и/или неполнопоточный фильтр.
13. Каталитическая структура по п. 12, отличающаяся тем, что распределение потока между параллельными, одним или более последовательными Г-катализаторами, а также окислительным катализатором и/или неполнопоточным фильтром, может быть отрегулировано посредством апертурного числа, площади лицевой поверхности и длины ячеек.
14. Каталитическая структура по п. 12 или 13, отличающаяся тем, что каталитическая структура включает отношение друг к другу разреженной ячейки и плотной ячейки, расположенных последовательно по отношению к направлению потока.
15. Каталитическая структура по п. 12, отличающаяся тем, что была отрегулирована так, чтобы пропускать через Г-катализатор 1-90%, предпочтительно 5-30%, потока.
16. Способ изготовления каталитического покрытия для применения в качестве гидролитического катализатора (Г-катализатора) для восстановления оксидов азота, отличающийся тем, что в качестве соединения, адсорбирующего HNCO и оксиды азота, Г-катализатор содержит лантан и дополнительно содержит одно или несколько соединений, являющееся или являющихся щелочным и/или щелочно-земельным металлом, и/или иттрием, и/или гафнием, и/или празеодимом, и/или галлием, и/или цирконием.
17. Применение каталитической структуры по любому из пп. 7-15 для восстановления оксидов азота при работах с выхлопным и/или отходящим газом.
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