RU177476U1 - Device for measuring the height of the arch of the hard palate - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine, namely to dentistry, and can be used to determine the height of the arch of the hard palate in patients with dentoalveolar anomalies, in particular, associated with connective tissue dysplasia. A device for measuring the height of the arch of the hard palate, containing a measuring rod with a handle, characterized in that the measuring rod is made in the form of a ruler 2 with a scale vertically located with the edge on the handle 1, while on the rod of the ruler 2 is a friction support reference bar 3. Use of this utility model will contribute to fast and accurate biometric measurements of the height of the arch of the hard palate, timely adoption of comprehensive therapeutic and preventive actions to restore changes in TV of the palatine palate and dentofacial anomalies without complex clinical diagnostic measures. 3 tablets, 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine, namely to dentistry. and can be used to determine the height of the arch of the hard palate in patients with dentoalveolar anomalies, in particular, associated with dysplasia of connective tissue.

A method of measuring the height of the hard palate is known from the scientific literature (see the Guide to Orthodontics / Edited by F.Ya. Khoroshilkina. - 2nd ed., Revised and supplemented. - M .: Medicine, 1999. - p.120- 121), in which the height of the sky is measured using a three-dimensional compass or a Korkhaus symmetrograph with a cutting lattice at the level of the first premolars and the first permanent molars. When cutting in the frontal plane, the cutting lattice is installed on the measuring points of Pont on premolars, and then on molars. In accordance with the location of the ends of the needles of the symmetrograph, the contours of the teeth from the vestibular, chewing and lingual surfaces are drawn on a paper tape with a millimeter grid, then the contours of the alveolar process on the right and left halves of the jaw to the transition fold of the mucous membrane from the vestibular surface and to the middle of the arch of the palate from the lingual surface. After that, they mark the median plane and draw a tangent to the tubercles of the premolars and molars when oriented to the median palatine suture. In the drawing, determine the height of the arch of the sky at the level of premolars, molars of the upper jaw and evaluate the severity of the anomalies.

In the known solution, when measuring the height of the hard palate, a three-dimensional compasses or a special apparatus “Korkhaus Symmetrograph” with a cutting lattice, complicated by the technique of application, are used, which significantly increases the complexity of the work on its implementation, including due to the many required sequential steps.

A device is known for measuring the height of a hard palate (see SU No. 1748794, class A61B 5/107, publ. 07.23.1992), comprising an installation frame and a measuring rod mounted frictionally in the frame guides. To measure the height of the hard palate, the device is inserted into the patient’s oral cavity and rested on the lower molars and incisors. Then the patient closes his mouth until the upper molars come into contact with the device frame, while pressing the movable measuring rod in the sky.

The known device is not suitable for measuring the height of the arch of the hard palate in some cases of dentofacial anomalies, for example, in children with connective tissue dysplasia, characterized by defects in the connective tissue of the organs of the oral cavity, including changes from the hard sky.

The problem to which the claimed solution is directed is expressed in the creation of a device for assessing the height of the arch of the hard palate, with reference to cases with dentofacial anomalies.

The technical effect obtained by solving the problem is expressed in simplifying the design and use of the device under outpatient conditions of dental practices and ensuring sufficient accuracy of biometric measurements of the height of the arch of the palate in the oral cavity.

To solve the problem, a device for measuring the height of the arch of the hard palate, containing a measuring rod with a handle, differs in that the measuring rod is made in the form of a ruler with a scale vertically located with the edge on the handle, while the reference control is installed on the ruler of the friction (movable) strap.

A comparative analysis of the features of the claimed solution with known features indicates the conformity of the claimed solution to the criterion of "novelty."

The combination of features of the utility model provides a solution to the stated technical problem, namely, the creation of a simple device that allows you to directly evaluate the height of the arch of the hard palate in the oral cavity in patients with dentoalveolar anomalies, in particular, associated with dysplasia of the connective tissue.

It is known that connective tissue dysplasia (DST) is a genetically determined violation of its development, characterized by defects in its basic substance and fibers. Currently, among the main causes of DST, there are changes in the rates of synthesis and assembly of collagen and elastin, the synthesis of immature collagen, a violation of the structure of collagen and elastin fibers due to their insufficient cross-linking. This suggests that with DST, connective tissue defects in their manifestations are very diverse. At the morphogenetic level, organs and tissues of the oral cavity are of connective tissue origin. In this case, changes in the hard palate are determined in children, as well as a high level of prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies, dental caries, periodontal and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases, but also of other organs and systems.

The degree of DST is determined, as a rule, by the method of T. Milkovsk-Dmitrova and A. Karkashev (1985) (see table. 1):

mild (I degree) is diagnosed in the presence of two main signs;

medium (II degree) - with 3 main and 2-3 minor or 3-4 main and 1-2 secondary;

severe (III degree) is determined in the presence of 5 main and 3 secondary symptoms.

Determining the severity of DST in each particular child is calculated by the sum of the points. In the first (mild) severity of DST (normal variant), the total score should not exceed 12, and in the average - 23. In severe severity, it is 24 or more points.

The device is illustrated by a drawing, where the figure schematically shows its general view: from one edge on the handle 1, a vertical rod of a ruler 2 is fixedly mounted, for example, up to 3-4 cm long, and with a millimeter scale applied to the surface, starting from the top of the rod.

The handle 1 with the rod of the line 2 can be made of durable material, for example, plastic or metal (surgical steel), and the rod 2 can be mounted on a detachable connection.

The rod 3 is frictionally mounted on the rod of the ruler 2, which serves as a control support during measurements and is a thin and rigid plate made, for example, of the same material as the handle 1 and the ruler 2. A through hole with a diameter of providing frictional connection with the rod of the line 2. For this, with small efforts, the bar 3 has the ability to move both in the vertical plane along the rod 2, and rotate around its axis on the horizontal plane. Friction connection is ensured by landing strap 3 on the rod 2 with some interference or the use of special seals between the parts.

Moreover, in order to exclude possible injury to patients during measurement work, all parts of the device are made streamlined and without sharp corners.

The device is used as follows.

The device is sterilized by known methods, for example, in an autoclave. Having sat down the patient more conveniently, for example, on a dental chair, they ask to open the mouth and insert the device into the oral cavity, having previously extended the measuring ruler to a minimum level, for example, at the level of 1-2 cm. After that, holding the device by the handle 1, supporting the control bar 3 is fixed on the Pont points (premolar, molar) on the upper jaw and push the measuring ruler 2 all the way to the arch of the hard palate. Thus, the doctor quite easily selects the deepest point of the arch of the hard palate and fixes on the scale of a ruler 2 the height of the arch of the hard palate. In this case, the readings on the ruler are taken from the outside of the bar 3.

Pona index characterizes the width of the dentition. As you know, this index determines the relationship between the sum of the mesiodistal sizes of the incisors and the width of the dentition in the region of the first premolars and molars, which are expressed by the premolar and molar indices: 80 and 64. This dependence is reflected in the following formulas:

Measuring points on the upper jaw are: the middle of the longitudinal fissures of the first premolars and the anterior intersection point of the longitudinal and transverse fissures of the first molars. In cases where not all upper incisors are cut (or are absent), the sum of their width can be determined by the sum of the transverse dimensions of the lower incisors using the Tone index (1.35), according to which the sum of the width of the upper incisors refers to the sum of the lower incisors as 4/3 (see table 2).

It is also possible to use the claimed device in determining the height of the arch of the hard palate on gypsum diagnostic models of the upper jaw. In this case, the gypsum model is obtained by taking an impression from the upper jaw with a clear imprint of the hard palate and the dentition, according to which a control and diagnostic model of the upper jaw is made. Having obtained the gypsum model, using the Pont points on the premolar (on the upper premolar in the middle of the inter-tubercular fissure) and molars of the upper jaw (the front deepening of the inter-tubercular fissure), impose a reference control bar 2 to create a horizontal reference point and advance the measuring ruler to the stop (to the deepest (highest ) points of the arch of the hard sky).

When measuring the height of the sky according to the method of P. Berzbach (1959), on the plaster models of the jaws, the necessary parameters are measured (the height of the sky and the width of the dentition) and then the calculation is made according to the formula:

Thus, based on the obtained measurement results, the height of the arch of the hard sky is determined.

Studies have found that with a slight degree of DST, the height of the arch of the hard palate reaches up to 1.8 cm, the average - 2.7 cm, the heavy - 3.2 and more cm (see table 3).

In contrast to the known solutions, the claimed device has the following advantages:

simplicity of design and reliability in use;

the ability to control the measurement on the part of the doctor, carried out by means of a pen with a ruler, which ensures simplicity and accuracy of measurement work;

the ability to move the support bar around its axis allows you to most accurately install the device on the Pont points during measurements;

approbation in practice confirms the effectiveness of biometric measurements in outpatient conditions of dental practices, based mainly on the ease of use and accuracy of measurements;

the sliding device of the ruler and the support bar provide ease of use when measuring the height of the arches of the hard palate in children.

In addition, the use of the device in identifying common (external) and local (organs and tissues of the oral cavity) phenotypic signs of DST contributes to the more rapid adoption of comprehensive treatment and prophylactic actions to restore changes in the hard palate and dentofacial anomalies without complex clinical diagnostic measures.

Table 1

Score scale for assessing the significance of phenotypic signs of DST

 by T. Milkovska-Dmitrova and A. Karkashov (1985)

Sign Points Sign Points Epicant 2 Flat chest 2 Hypertelorism of the eyes one Expanded capillaries of the skin of the back, face 2 Pathology of vision four Funnel sternum 6 Blue sclera one Slight depression on the sternum 2 Wide nose one Kyphosis four Saddle nose 2 Scoliosis four Protruding ears 2 Asthenic physique one Augmented lobes one Littlefinger Clinodactyly one Nasal septum asymmetry 2 Mild hematoma 3 Scars on the skin 3 Hernias 3 High sky 3 Abdominal muscle weakness 3 Pallor of the skin 2 Transverse striation of the feet 3 Increased skin extensibility 3 Flat feet 3 Leather as a "suede" 2 Corns 2 Soft skin 2 Incomplete syndactyly of 1 and 2 toes 2 Pronounced venous pattern 3 Sandal-shaped slit 2 Wrinkled skin 2 Hallux Valgus 3 Dark spots one Hollow foot 3 Keeled chest 5 Joint hypermobility four

table 2

Dependence of the width of the dentition on the sum of the incisors (Pona indices)

The sum of the width of the four upper incisors, mm Width in the region of the first premolars, mm Width in the region of the first molars, mm 27.0 32,0 41.5 27.5 32,5 42.3 28.0 33.0 43.0 28.5 33.5 43.8 29.0 34.0 44.5 29.5 34.7 45.3 30,0 35.5 46.0 30.5 36.0 46.8 31,0 36.5 47.5 31.5 37.0 48.5 32,0 37.5 49.0 32,5 38,2 50,0 33.0 39.0 51.0 33.5 39.5 51.5 34.0 40,0 52,5

Table 3

Hard palate deformities in children

with varying degrees of connective tissue dysplasia

Morphological
options The severity of DST Light (up to 12 points) Average
(up to 23 points) Heavy
(over 24 points) Narrowing of the upper dentition by the Pona index –polar index

41.4 ± 0.02

34.7 ± 0.04 *


33.2 ± 0.03 **
Pona Index - Molar Index 46.4 ± 0.03 46.7 ± 0.04 36.9 ± 0.03 ** Sky height index 64.24 ± 0.01 73.9 ± 0.03 * 83.2 ± 0.02 **

Note: P * - significance of differences in DST of mild and moderate degree and severity; P ** - significance of differences in DST of moderate and severe severity.

Claims (1)

A device for measuring the height of the arch of the hard palate, containing a measuring rod with a handle, characterized in that the measuring rod is made in the form of a vertical ruler with a scale fixedly mounted from one edge on the handle, while the support bar is frictionally mounted on the ruler rod through a through hole.

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