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MX2011003137A - Implante poroso bioabsorbente. - Google Patents

Implante poroso bioabsorbente.

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Publication number
MX2011003137A
MX2011003137A MX2011003137A MX2011003137A MX2011003137A MX 2011003137 A MX2011003137 A MX 2011003137A MX 2011003137 A MX2011003137 A MX 2011003137A MX 2011003137 A MX2011003137 A MX 2011003137A MX 2011003137 A MX2011003137 A MX 2011003137A
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MX
Mexico
Prior art keywords
implant
implant according
radiopaque
alginate
bioabsorbent
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Application number
MX2011003137A
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English (en)
Inventor
Michael L Jones
Paul Lubock
Amit Govil
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Senorx Inc
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Application filed by Senorx Inc filed Critical Senorx Inc
Publication of MX2011003137A publication Critical patent/MX2011003137A/es

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/14Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L31/146Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/0077Special surfaces of prostheses, e.g. for improving ingrowth
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/54Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/56Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/58Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/14Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L31/148Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/14Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L31/18Materials at least partially X-ray or laser opaque
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/10Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
    • A61L2300/102Metals or metal compounds, e.g. salts such as bicarbonates, carbonates, oxides, zeolites, silicates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/10Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
    • A61L2300/102Metals or metal compounds, e.g. salts such as bicarbonates, carbonates, oxides, zeolites, silicates
    • A61L2300/104Silver, e.g. silver sulfadiazine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/40Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
    • A61L2300/44Radioisotopes, radionuclides

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Abstract

Se describe un implante bioabsorbente que tiene un cuerpo poroso formado de material bicabsorbente que tiene una vida in vivo de por lo menos 2 semanas, preferiblemente de por lo menos tres semanas y no mayor de 20 semanas, preferiblemente no mayor que diez semanas. El implante tiene una estructura de soporte que facilita el crecimiento del tejido y finalmente el reemplazo del tejido de la estructura de soporte. El implante tiene un agente de visualización radiopaco por lo menos en los márgenes exteriores y una pluralidad de elementos de orientación radiopacos dentro del implante. El implante tiene preferiblemente tres elementos radiopacos dentro del interior que forman un plano dentro del interior del implante.

Description

IMPLANTE POROSO BIOABSORBENTE Campo de la Invención La invención se refiere generalmente a implantes porosos bioabsorbentes, para cavidades en tejido suave tal como en tejido de mama después de procedimientos de biopsia o lumpectomía. Los implantes que comprenden las características de la invención son particularmente convenientes para soportar tales cavidades y se pueden visualizar para facilitar la irradiación tridimensional adecuada.
Antecedentes de la Invención La biopsia y otros procedimientos de retiro de tejido en tejido suave, frecuentemente pueden conducir a formar orificios u otras desfiguraciones a menos que una prótesis o implante se utilice dentro de la cavidad de donde se retira. Ver por ejemplo la Patente Estadounidense No. 6,214,045, Patente Estadounidense No. 6,638,308 y la Patente Estadounidense No. 6,881,226 (Corbitt y colaboradores). Por otra parte, después de los procedimientos de retiro de tejido que implican cáncer, tal como lumpectomía, frecuentemente se desea irradiar el recubrimiento de la cavidad para asegurar el tratamiento efectivo de cualquier célula cancerosa que pudiera permanecer.
Aunque un número de implantes se han propuesto para rellenar las cavidades del cuerpo después de los procedimientos de retiro del tejido tal como lumpectomía, pocos se han considerado con un éxito comercial significativo.
Breve Descripción de la Invención La invención se refiere generalmente a un implante para una cavidad de cuerpo que comprende un cuerpo poroso formado de un material bioabsorbente que tiene una vida ¡n vivo de por lo menos dos semanas pero no más de veinte semanas, preferiblemente por lo menos tres semanas pero no más de aproximadamente diez semanas. El implante tiene una porosidad o es capaz de formar una porosidad para formar la estructura temporal dentro de una cavidad de cuerpo del cual el tejido se ha retirado para asegurar el tejido en crecimiento en la cavidad antes de la bio-absorción significativa del implante. El implante proporciona un agente de visualización radiopaco para asegurar que por lo menos los márgenes exteriores puedan visualizarse tal como por exploraciones CT para formular la dosificación de programas. Adicionalmente, el implante se proporciona con un marcador de orientación interior tal como por lo menos dos y preferiblemente tres elementos radiopacos dentro del cuerpo del implante para facilitar la orientación de la cavidad y de una fuente de radiación exterior tal como un acelerador lineal para irradiación conveniente del recubrimiento del tejido de la cavidad la cual es más probable que contenga células cancerosas residuales. Los marcadores de orientación externamente accionados tales como RFID también son convenientes. Ver por ejemplo la Patente Estadounidense No. 7,535,363 que se incorpora en la presente por referencia.
El material bioabsorbente del implante es por lo menos en parte un quitosano o alginato bioabsorbente. El cuerpo también puede incluir un material bioabsorbente seleccionado del grupo que consiste de dextrano, almidón, ácido poliláctico, ácido poliglicólico y co-polimeros de los mismos, y gelatina, preferiblemente gelatina reticulada. El agente de visualización radiopaco puede seleccionarse del grupo de sulfato de bario, carbonato de bario, cloruro de plata, yoduro de plata, nitrato de plata, carbonato de calcio, óxido de zinc y polvo o partículas metálicas radiopacas. El agente de visualización radiopaco está en partícula y preferiblemente en forma pulverizada para facilitar la visualización, particularmente los márgenes exteriores del implante. La pluralidad de los elementos marcadores para orientación que se colocan dentro del cuerpo del implante, pueden seleccionarse de oro, titanio, platino, iridio, tantalio, tungsteno, plata, renio y acero inoxidable no magnético. Estos marcadores metálicos se incorporan en el implante para presentar una línea (definida por dos elementos marcadores) y preferiblemente un plano (definido por tres elementos marcadores) que permite una fuente de radiación exterior, tal como un acelerador lineal, y la cavidad que se alineará para la irradiación efectiva del recubrimiento del tejido de la cavidad.
El implante se dimensiona y se forma para ajustarse dentro de la cavidad del cuerpo y conformar el recubrimiento del tejido de la cavidad sobre el implante. Generalmente, el implante será esférico o de forma oval, aunque otras formas pueden usarse. Se prefiere que el implante se expanda parcialmente después de la implementación dentro de la cavidad, por ejemplo los materiales del implante se expanden (al tomar agua o hidratarse) al contacto con fluidos acuosos tales como fluidos corporales y otros fluidos que pueden estar en el sitio de la cavidad para asegurar que el recubrimiento del tejido de la cavidad sea adecuado al exterior del implante. La forma final del recubrimiento del tejido adecuado no necesita ser de la misma forma que el implante original sino que la forma adecuada del recubrimiento del tejido se simplifica lo cual facilita las determinaciones de la dosificación y simplifica los patrones de irradiación. Las cavidades del cuerpo resultan de los procedimientos de lumpectomía, tales como en un seno de una mujer, pueden tener un intervalo de aproximadamente 0.5 a aproximadamente 8 cm, y normalmente son de aproximadamente 3 a aproximadamente 6 cm, en dimensiones máximas, ya que el implante deberá ser aproximadamente del mismo tamaño y preferiblemente un poco más grande para asegurar la conformidad del tejido.
El implante es poroso y tiene suficiente fuerza compresiva para soportar el tejido del pecho. La porosidad deberá ser suficiente para facilitar el crecimiento del tejido cuando se implementa dentro de la cavidad intracorporal. La porosidad puede tener un tamaño de poro que puede tener un intervalo de aproximadamente 10 a aproximadamente 600 micrómetros. Los poros superficiales son normalmente de aproximadamente 20 a aproximadamente 80 micrómetros y los poros interiores son de aproximadamente 50 a aproximadamente 200 micrómetros. La porosidad del implante se forma preferiblemente en el implante antes de la implementación dentro de la cavidad del cuerpo para controlar el tamaño y forma del implante. La porosidad puede formarse retirando los fluidos o disolviendo los materiales solubles de un cuerpo solidificado después de su formación o incorporación de un gas o un agente de formación de gas en una mezcla que forma el implante antes de establecer la forma del implante. Preferiblemente, otro ejemplo puede ser por congelamiento de una solución acuosa de quitosano o alginato en un molde para formar un cuerpo después de liofilizar el cuerpo congelado (preferiblemente fuera del molde) para retirar el fluido acuoso congelado.
Una variedad de agentes terapéuticos o de diagnóstico pueden incorporarse en el implante incluyendo por ejemplo, agentes hemostáticos para formar el trombo en el sitio intracorporal, agentes anestésicos para controlar dolor, agentes quimioterapéuticos para tratar el tejido neoplásico residual o agentes colorantes para posteriormente facilitar la localización visual del sitio. Los antibióticos, agentes antimicotícos y agentes antivirus también pueden incorporarse en el marcador fibroso.
El implante puede formarse mezclando aproximadamente 0.5-4% de quitosano (en peso) en una solución acuosa acidificada (1-25% en peso de ácido acético) junto con aproximadamente 0.5%-5% (en peso) de agentes de visualización radiopacos pulverizados tal como sulfato de bario para facilitar la visualización remota posterior del implante. Hasta 10% de quitosano puede utilizarse, pero la solubilidad máxima del quitosano es de aproximadamente 4.5% (en peso). La mezcla puede obtenerse absolutamente viscosa en cantidades más altas de quitosano. La mezcla se coloca en un molde conveniente que presenta una forma deseable y la mezcla se congela de -1o a -196°C por aproximadamente 6-12 horas. El cuerpo congelado se retira del molde y se coloca después en un liofilizador (aproximadamente 3 días) para retirar agua y para formar un cuerpo poroso. Después de la liofilización en el liofilizador, el cuerpo que contiene quitosano se neutraliza usando una base o amortiguador de hidróxido de amonio (5-20% en peso), se enjuaga libremente de la base o amortiguador con agua desionizada y después se seca. El implante poroso tiene la consistencia del tejido de mama.
En el caso de un alginato, un alginato soluble tal como alginato de sodio se mezcla en una solución acuosa junto con un agente radiopaco según lo discutido anteriormente. La mezcla del agente de alginato radiopaco se vierte en un molde conveniente y después se liofiliza o se seca con aire para retirar el agua para formar el cuerpo poroso. El cuerpo poroso se retira del molde y el alginato soluble se convierte en un alginato menos soluble colocando el cuerpo poroso en una solución de cloruro de calcio que convierte al alginato de sodio en un alginato de calcio menos soluble. Las burbujas de gas también pueden incorporarse en la solución de alginato de sodio durante el mezclado para proporcionar porosidad.
La pluralidad de elementos marcadores radiopacos puede incorporarse en el implante durante su formación o mientras que la solución solidifica en el molde o después de que se ha formado el cuerpo. La pluralidad de elementos marcadores deberá colocarse internamente desde el margen exterior del implante. Los orificios pueden formarse en el cuerpo poroso en las localizaciones deseadas para los elementos de orientación radiopacos.
El quitosano es preferiblemente de pureza alta y alto peso molecular. El grado de desacetilación es de aproximadamente 60 a 100% y preferiblemente entre 70 y 100%.
Estas y otras ventajas de la invención llegarán a ser más evidentes de la siguiente descripción detallada de las modalidades cuando se toma en combinación con los dibujos ejemplares anexados.
Breve Descripción de los Dibujos La figura 1 es un diagrama de flujo que ilustra esquemáticamente un método para formar las características que comprenden un implante de la presente invención.
La figura 2 es una vista elevada esquemática en la sección de un sistema para componentes de mezcla que forman las características del implante que comprende las características de la invención.
La figura 3 es una vista elevada esquemática en la sección que ilustra la forma de verter la mezcla en un molde para formar el implante.
La figura 4 es una vista elevada esquemática en la sección que ilustra la colocación del cuerpo poroso seco en una solución de CaCI2 para convertir el alginato soluble a un alginato menos soluble.
La figura 5 es una vista en sección transversal de un implante después de tratarlo en la solución de CaCI2- La figura 6 es una forma transversal de un implante que comprende las características de la invención que tiene un marcador de orientación con tres elementos radiopacos.
La figura 7 es una micrografía electrónica de exploración (30X) de una vista seccional de un implante que comprende las características de la invención tomada cerca de la superficie del implante.
La figura 8 es una micrografía electrónica de exploración (30X) de una vista seccional de un implante que comprende las características de la invención tomada del interior del implante.
Descripción Detallada de las Modalidades La figura 1 es un diagrama de flujo que ilustra esquemáticamente un método para formar un implante que comprende las características de la invención. Específicamente, en la primera etapa 10 un material bioabsorbente (quitosano o un alginato soluble) se mezcla con agua junto con un agente de visualización radiopaco pulverizado o en partículas tal como sulfato de bario. Un agente de formación de poro tal como un gas también puede incorporarse en la mezcla. En la segunda etapa 11, la mezcla, que tiene cierto grado se gelificó, y vertió en un molde. El molde tiene una superficie de formación que coloca la mezcla en una forma deseada donde se solidifica o endurece al punto donde se auto-soporta en la forma formada. En el caso ilustrado, la forma es esférica. En la tercera etapa 12, el cuerpo formado se retira del molde y en la etapa 13 el agua se retira del cuerpo, preferiblemente por liofilización o secado al aire, para formar un cuerpo poroso. En la cuarta etapa 14a, si el cuerpo poroso se forma de quitosano, el ácido residual en el cuerpo se neutraliza con una base conveniente tal como hidróxido de amonio, enjuaga y seca. En la cuarta etapa 14b, si el cuerpo poroso se forma de alginato, el cuerpo poroso está sumergido en una solución de CaCI2, donde por lo menos parte del alginato de sodio se convierte a alginato de calcio menos soluble, se enjuaga y seca. Un marcador de orientación puede insertarse en el cuerpo poroso por una cánula o uno o más orificios pueden proporcionarse en el cuerpo poroso para poder empujar a los marcadores de orientación a la localización deseada dentro del cuerpo.
La figura 2 ilustra la adición de alginato de sodio y quitosano bioabsorbente y polvo de sulfato de bario a un cuerpo de agua 20 contenido en un envase conveniente 21. El agua 20 se mezcla con el elemento o propulsor mezclado 22 unido a un eje giratorio 23. Las burbujas pueden mezclarse rápidamente en la masa u otro poro que forma agentes que pueden introducirse en el cuerpo de agua 20. Adicionalmente, los materiales solubles en agua pueden agregarse para que puedan disolverse posteriormente después de que el cuerpo se ha secado. Según se muestra en la figura 3, el cuerpo de fluido o gel después se vierte en un molde esférico 24 que tiene una mitad superior 25 y mitad inferior 26 que se interconecta por los soportes 27 y 28. Después de que el cuerpo se ha establecido, el agua se elimina, por ejemplo por liofilización, para formar un cuerpo esférico poroso 29. Si el cuerpo contiene quitosano, el cuerpo se trata con una base para neutralizar el ácido residual. Si el cuerpo contiene alginato de sodio, después según se muestra en la figura 4, el cuerpo esférico poroso 29 se introduce en una solución acuosa de CaCI2 30 en el envase 31 donde por lo menos parte del alginato de sodio se convierte a alginato de calcio que se precipita rápidamente. Una sección transversal del implante final 32 se ilustra esquemáticamente en la figura 5.
La figura 6 es una sección transversal de un implante 33 que tiene tres elementos radiopacos 34 (por ejemplo partículas de oro) situados dentro del interior del implante y separados internamente de la superficie externa. Los tres elementos radiopacos (por ejemplo partículas de oro de proyección de imagen) se muestran en los ápices de un triángulo equilátero el cuál puede utilizarse como una guía para la colocación relativa entre la mama del paciente y un acelerador lineal para proporcionar irradiación efectiva del tejido que rodea la cavidad de lumpectomía en la mama del paciente. Como mínimo, deberán existir dos elementos radiopacos para definir una línea y preferiblemente tres para definir un plano. Sin embargo, puede haber más pero deberán estar en el mismo plano. El agente de visualización radiopaco (sulfato de bario) en el implante permite que los márgenes exteriores del implante se reflejen en una exploración CT y esto facilita la determinación de un plan apropiado de dosificación de irradiación para que el acelerador lineal asegure el tratamiento efectivo de cualquier célula cancerosa residual que permanezca en el recubrimiento de la cavidad después de la lumpectomía.
EJEMPLO 1 Se preparó una solución acuosa ácida (12.5% de ácido acético) que contiene 4% en peso de quitosano y 2% en peso de sulfato de bario. La solución se coloco en un molde esférico y después se congeló en el molde a -30°C durante 16 horas. El cuerpo congelado se retiro del molde y liofilizó durante 3 días para retirar el agua. El cuerpo liofilizado se neutralizó en una solución de 10% de hidróxido de amonio durante una hora y después se enjuagó para eliminar el hidróxido de amonio con agua desionizada. El cuerpo se seco al vacío durante 16 horas. El cuerpo tuvo una consistencia esponjosa que se aproximó al tejido de mama y tuvo suficiente fuerza compresiva para soportar el tejido de mama que rodea una cavidad de lumpectomía. Este comprendió 67% de quitosano y 33% de sulfato de bario. Una micrografía SEM (30X) de la porosidad superficial se muestra en la figura 6 y una micrografía SEM (30X) de la porosidad central se muestra en la figura 7. El implante tuvo la consistencia esponjosa que se aproxima al tejido de mama. El implante podría hacerse más duro aumentando la cantidad de quitosano.
EJEMPLO II Una cantidad de alginato de sodio (0.5 a aproximadamente 4% (en peso)) se disuelve en agua para formar una pasta, fluido o gel viscoso y aire u otro gas biocompatible se introduce en la mezcla. La mezcla se coloca en un molde de una forma de implante deseado y después se liofiliza o seca con aire en la forma deseada. La estructura del implante formada de alginato de sodio se introduce en una solución de cloruro de calcio (0.5 a aproximadamente 4% (en peso)) donde por lo menos parte del alginato de sodio se convierte a alginato de calcio que se precipita. La estructura porosa precipitada del implante se introduce en una cavidad del cuerpo de la cual se ha retirado el tejido. El implante permanece en el sitio por un periodo de tiempo suficiente para actuar como estructura para facilitar el crecimiento del tejido dentro de la cavidad del cuerpo. El almidón, tal como almidón de maíz en forma de partículas finalmente divididas, se puede incorporar en la mezcla de agua-alginato de sodio de modo que cuando se forme el alginato de calcio, se precipite sobre las partículas de almidón para minimizar la contracción durante la conversión del alginato de sodio a alginato del calcio. El almidón se degrada rápidamente dentro de la cavidad del cuerpo en presencia del fluido corporal. El alginato en la superficie del implante se degrada para abrirse a las partículas de almidón incorporadas para la degradación que proporciona una porosidad envolvente. La relación en peso del almidón con el alginato puede tener un intervalo de aproximadamente 15:1 a aproximadamente 1:1.
EJEMPLO III Este ejemplo es similar al ejemplo II con excepción que 30 gramos de gránulos de sal (NaCI) se mezclan con aproximadamente 30 mi de 3% (en peso) de solución acuosa de alginato de sodio. La solución se coloca en un molde esférico y después se congela durante 4 horas. El implante congelado se retira del molde y se coloca en 2% (en peso) de una solución de cloruro de calcio, formando el gel de alginato de calcio y disolviendo por lo menos algunos de los gránulos de sal incorporados para formar una estructura porosa. El implante tuvo la consistencia esponjosa aproximada al tejido de mama. El implante podría hacerse más duro aumentando la cantidad de alginato de sodio en la solución, disminuyendo la cantidad de sal o disminuyendo el tamaño de los gránulos de sal.
Aunque una o más formas particulares de la invención se han ilustrado y se han descrito en la presente en el contexto de un implante, particularmente un implante de mama para uso después de una lumpectomía, será evidente que el implante que tiene las características de la invención puede encontrar uso en una variedad de localizaciones y en una variedad de aplicaciones donde se ha retirado tejido. Por otra parte, varias modificaciones pueden hacerse sin apartarse del espíritu y alcance de la invención. Por consiguiente, no se desea que la invención esté limitada a las modalidades específicas ¡lustradas. Por lo tanto se desea que esta invención sea definida por el alcance de las reivindicaciones anexadas tan ampliamente como la técnica anterior lo permitirá, y en vista de la especificación, si es necesario. Por otra parte, los expertos en la técnica reconocerán que las características mostradas en una modalidad pueden utilizarse en otras modalidades.
Los términos tales como "elemento", "miembro", "dispositivo", "sección", "porción", "etapa", "medios" y palabras de de similar importación cuando se utilizan en las reivindicaciones siguientes no serán interpretadas como invocación de las provisiones de 35 U.S.C. §112 (6) a menos que las reivindicaciones siguientes expresamente utilicen el término "medios" seguido por una función particular sin estructura específica o expresamente utilicen el término "etapa" seguido por una función particular sin la acción específica. Todas las patentes y solicitudes de patente referidas anteriormente están incorporadas en este medio por referencia en su totalidad.

Claims (16)

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Un implante para una cavidad del cuerpo, que comprende un cuerpo formado de un material bioabsorbente que tiene una porosidad suficiente para asegurar el crecimiento del tejido antes de la bio-absorción significativa del implante, un agente de vísualizacion radiopaco facilita la visualizacíón de los márgenes exteriores del implante y un marcador de orientación interior separado internamente de los márgenes exteriores del implante para facilitar la orientación relativa entre el implante y una fuente de radiación.
2. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en donde el marcador de orientación comprende una pluralidad de elementos radiopacos.
3. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en donde el material bioabsorbente es quitosano o alginato.
4. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 3, en donde el material bioabsorbente tiene una vida in vivo por lo menos de dos semanas pero no más de aproximadamente veinte semanas.
5. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 3, en donde el material bioabsorbente incluye un material seleccionado del grupo que consiste de ácido poliláctico, ácido poliglicólico, copolímeros de ácido poliláctico y ácido poliglicólico, gelatina reticulada y uno o más polisacáridos seleccionados del grupo que consiste de dextrano y almidón.
6. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en donde el agente de visualización radiopaco se selecciona del grupo que consiste de sulfato de bario, carbonato de bario, cloruro de plata, yoduro de plata, nitrato de plata, carbonato de calcio y óxido de zinc.
7. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en donde la pluralidad de elementos radiopacos comprende un material metálico seleccionado del grupo que consiste de titanio, platino, oro, iridio, tantalio, tungsteno, plata, renio y acero inoxidable no magnético.
8. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, que tiene una dimensión transversal máxima entre aproximadamente 0.5 y aproximadamente 8 cm.
9. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, que tiene una dimensión transversal máxima entre aproximadamente 2 y aproximadamente 6 cm.
10. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en donde la pluralidad de elementos radiopacos forma un plano dentro del interior del implante.
11. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en donde el implante tiene tres elementos radiopacos que están localizados en los ápices de un triángulo equilátero.
12. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en donde el tamaño del poro tiene un intervalo de aproximadamente 10 a aproximadamente 600 micrometros.
13. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en donde el margen exterior tiene un tamaño de poro de aproximadamente 20 a aproximadamente 80 micrometros.
14. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en donde el interior del implante tiene un tamaño de poro de aproximadamente 50 a aproximadamente 200 micrometros.
15. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 3, en donde el material bioabsorbente es un alginato de calcio.
16. El implante de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en donde el marcador de orientación es un RFID externamente accionado.
MX2011003137A 2008-09-23 2009-09-22 Implante poroso bioabsorbente. MX2011003137A (es)

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US12/586,449 US9327061B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2009-09-21 Porous bioabsorbable implant
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BRPI0919822B1 (pt) 2018-09-04
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US10786604B2 (en) 2020-09-29
EP2886135B1 (en) 2019-10-30
EP2358405A2 (en) 2011-08-24
US20120277859A1 (en) 2012-11-01
CN105920676A (zh) 2016-09-07
AU2009300354B2 (en) 2014-02-06
EP2358405B1 (en) 2015-01-14
CA2734239C (en) 2017-11-28
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CA2734239A1 (en) 2010-04-08
US11833275B2 (en) 2023-12-05
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JP2017047208A (ja) 2017-03-09
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US9327061B2 (en) 2016-05-03
US20100082102A1 (en) 2010-04-01
EP2886135A1 (en) 2015-06-24
JP6030166B2 (ja) 2016-11-24
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BRPI0919822A2 (pt) 2016-04-05
WO2010039184A3 (en) 2010-11-18
AU2009300354A1 (en) 2010-04-08
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JP2012503498A (ja) 2012-02-09
ES2534550T3 (es) 2015-04-24

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