KR940006925A - 선박에서의 기름으로 오염되고 유탁화되어 배틈으로 스며드는 물을 정화하는 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
선박에서의 기름으로 오염되고 유탁화되어 배틈으로 스며드는 물을 정화하는 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR940006925A KR940006925A KR1019930019391A KR930019391A KR940006925A KR 940006925 A KR940006925 A KR 940006925A KR 1019930019391 A KR1019930019391 A KR 1019930019391A KR 930019391 A KR930019391 A KR 930019391A KR 940006925 A KR940006925 A KR 940006925A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- separation
- water
- filter
- tank
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J4/00—Arrangements of installations for treating ballast water, waste water, sewage, sludge, or refuse, or for preventing environmental pollution not otherwise provided for
- B63J4/006—Arrangements of installations for treating ballast water, waste water, sewage, sludge, or refuse, or for preventing environmental pollution not otherwise provided for for treating waste water or sewage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/147—Microfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/08—Thickening liquid suspensions by filtration
- B01D17/085—Thickening liquid suspensions by filtration with membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D36/00—Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
- B01D36/003—Filters in combination with devices for the removal of liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D36/00—Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
- B01D36/04—Combinations of filters with settling tanks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J4/00—Arrangements of installations for treating ballast water, waste water, sewage, sludge, or refuse, or for preventing environmental pollution not otherwise provided for
- B63J4/004—Arrangements of installations for treating ballast water, waste water, sewage, sludge, or refuse, or for preventing environmental pollution not otherwise provided for for treating sludge, e.g. tank washing sludge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/008—Originating from marine vessels, ships and boats, e.g. bilge water or ballast water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/001—Build in apparatus for autonomous on board water supply and wastewater treatment (e.g. for aircrafts, cruiseships, oil drilling platforms, railway trains, space stations)
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 선박에서의 기름으로 오염되고 유탁화된, 배틈으로 스미는 물을, 펌프 및 모니터 장치를 갖는 시스템에 속하는 조(糟)내부에서, 기름과 물의 중력에 의한 분리작용에 의해 정화하는 방법에 있어서, 배틈으로 스미는 물로부터의 기름 성분을 분리한후, 미리 정화된 물만이, 다음 정화를 위해 분리조로 부터 고분리 필터에 보내진 다음, 고압하에서 필터 순환계를 계속 순환시키고, 상기 고분리 필터의 상류측 표면에 농축된 배틈으로 스미는 물의 기름은 상기 분리조에 반송되며, 상기 분리조에서는 상부면에 부유하는 기름은 배출되는 것과 상기 시스템에서의 유체속도는 저속으로 유지됨으로써, 상기 분리조에서의 상기 분리 프로세스가 유체의 유동으로 손상되지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 필요에 따라, 상기 고분리 필터에의 정화제의 혼입하에서 초과된 정화수는, 불가피적인 고압하에서 정화 및 회수장치에 공급되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 고분리 필터에 의한 정화 프로세스에서, 액체는 가열되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 분리조로부터의 미리 정화된 배틈으로 스미는 물은, 고체 제거 필터를 거쳐 펌프에 의해 배출된 다음, 다시 분리조 또는 선창 바닥에 공급되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제4항중 어느 한 항에 기재된 방법을 실시하는 장치에 있어서, 중력의 작용에 의해 기름을 배틈으로 스미는 물로 부터 분리하기 위한 분리조(6)와, 상기 분리조에 접속된, 미리 정화된 상기 배틈으로 스미는 물의 다음의 정화를 위한 고분리 필터(37,38)를 포함하고, 상기 분리조(6)로부터 상기 고분리 필터(37,38)에 배관이 되며, 상기 고분리 필터(37,38)는 그런만큼 폐쇄된 순환계를 이루고 상기 순환계내에서 순환 펌프(36)가 배치되며, 상기 배틈으로 스미는 물은 상기 순환계 내부를 순환하게 되고, 상기 순환계의 상류에는, 상기 분리조(6)로부터의 유로중에서 고압 펌프(35)가 배치되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 고분리 필터(37,38)의 하류측에는, 정화된 물을 선외(船外)로 배출시키기 위한 펌프(58)를 구비한 저류조(51)가 접속되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 고분리 필터(37,38)에 대한 유로로부터 분기되어 접속된 정화제조(25)와, 분리조(6)에 접속된 고체 제거 필터(11)를 포함하며, 상기 선박이 깊숙한 위치에서, 선창바닥 펌프(7)를 구비하고 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제6항에 있어서, 상기 고분리 필터(37,38)는, 세라믹 필터이고, 필터 소자는 직렬로 배치되고, 도관에는 얇은 세라믹 피복이 가해져 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제6항에 있어서, 상기 고분리 필터(37,38)는 파이버로 구성되고, 직렬로 접속된 필터 소자로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.
- 제5항 내지 제9항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 시스템에서 상기 배틈으로 스미는 물 및 상기 정화된 물의 유동을 조절하기 위한 수동 밸브 또는 전자(電磁) 밸브와, 상기 선창바닥의 상태, 상기 제거된 기름 및 정화된 물을 모니터함과 아울러, 상기 조 내부에서 표준 상태의 제어를 이행하기 위한 측정장치, 모니터 장치 및 경고장치를 구비하는 것을 특징으로 하는 장치.※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4231837A DE4231837C2 (de) | 1992-09-23 | 1992-09-23 | Verfahren und Anlage zum Reinigen von ölverschmutztem und emulgiertem Bilgewasser auf Schiffen |
DE92-P4231837.8 | 1992-09-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR940006925A true KR940006925A (ko) | 1994-04-26 |
KR100316625B1 KR100316625B1 (ko) | 2002-08-21 |
Family
ID=6468629
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019930019391A Expired - Fee Related KR100316625B1 (ko) | 1992-09-23 | 1993-09-23 | 선박에서 기름으로 오염되고 유탁화된 빌지 물을 정화하는 방법 및 장치 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5388542A (ko) |
JP (1) | JP3479326B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100316625B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN1102913C (ko) |
DE (1) | DE4231837C2 (ko) |
GB (1) | GB2270854B (ko) |
NL (1) | NL194640C (ko) |
SE (1) | SE510503C2 (ko) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR19990046484A (ko) * | 1999-03-17 | 1999-07-05 | 배종언 | 한외여과막을이용한공기압축기유분함유응축수처리장치 |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0706811B1 (de) * | 1994-10-14 | 1999-01-07 | Zeppelin Silo- und Apparatetechnik GmbH | Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Fett und Öl aus tensidhaltigem Abwasser, Abscheideanlage und Einrichtung zum Spalten eines Emulsionsanteils in einer Abscheideanlage |
US6342159B1 (en) | 1997-01-29 | 2002-01-29 | Ensolve Biosystems, Inc. | Shipboard biomechanical oil water separator |
US6129839A (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 2000-10-10 | Mains, Jr.; Gilbert L. | Separation system for immiscible liquids |
US5932091A (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-08-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Oily waste water treatment system |
DE19810976B4 (de) * | 1998-03-13 | 2004-05-27 | Recosoil Recycling Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von industriellem Abwasser aus Druckereien |
HRP990385B1 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2008-05-31 | �panovi� Milli | Process of the treatment and disposal of the ship bilge water |
DE10102700B4 (de) * | 2001-01-22 | 2006-04-27 | Eberhard Runge | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung ölhaltiger Abwässer |
US6616833B2 (en) | 2001-04-18 | 2003-09-09 | Gerard Lynch | Ship-board system for decontaminating wastewater contaminated by firefighting operations |
DE10126692B4 (de) * | 2001-06-01 | 2007-08-09 | Burmester, Hans Joachim | Verfahren und Anlage zur Aufbereitung und Weiterverwertung von Bilgenwasser aus dem Schiffsbetrieb |
ES2200682B1 (es) * | 2002-01-25 | 2005-04-16 | Facet Iberica, S.A. | Separador de aguas hidrocarburadas emulsionadas fisica y quimicamente para sentinas de buques. |
ES2270680B1 (es) * | 2004-12-22 | 2008-03-16 | Facet Iberica, S.A. | Equipo separador de aguas hidrocarburadas emulsionadas fisica y quimicamente para sentinas de buques. |
CN101654150B (zh) * | 2009-09-17 | 2010-11-17 | 东台市东方船舶装配有限公司 | 船用油污水分离处理方法及其处理装置 |
CN102139969B (zh) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-10-10 | 上海膜达克环保工程有限公司 | 乳化油废水处理系统及其废水处理工艺 |
CN105092150B (zh) * | 2015-06-08 | 2018-05-04 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | 一种压力检测装置的快接式油污分离接口装置 |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3129682A (en) * | 1961-12-13 | 1964-04-21 | Mcmullen Ass John J | Propulsion arrangement for merchant ship |
US3472765A (en) * | 1968-06-10 | 1969-10-14 | Dorr Oliver Inc | Membrane separation in biological-reactor systems |
US4139463A (en) * | 1977-03-14 | 1979-02-13 | Racor Industries Inc | Method of and means for oily water separation |
DE2758555C2 (de) * | 1977-12-23 | 1980-01-03 | Mannesmann Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf | Zweistufiges Schaltgetriebe für den Antrieb eines Generators von einer Schiffsantriebsanlage |
NL173140C (nl) * | 1978-07-31 | 1983-12-16 | Geurtsen Deventer Maschf | Inrichting voor het scheiden van een mengsel van twee niet of onvolledig mengbare vloeistoffen van verschillend soortelijk gewicht. |
US4315822A (en) * | 1981-01-26 | 1982-02-16 | Nelson Industries, Inc. | Process and apparatus for separating liquids |
US4426293A (en) * | 1983-05-04 | 1984-01-17 | Smith & Loveless, Inc. | Method and apparatus for removing oil from water |
PL140417B1 (en) * | 1983-10-28 | 1987-04-30 | Pomorsk Z Urzadzen | Apparatus for removing oil from water-oil mixtures |
CA1320139C (en) * | 1985-12-06 | 1993-07-13 | Douglas Lyons Ford | Treatment of emulsions |
JPH01148318A (ja) * | 1987-12-04 | 1989-06-09 | Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd | 固液分離装置 |
US5147125A (en) * | 1989-08-24 | 1992-09-15 | Viratec Thin Films, Inc. | Multilayer anti-reflection coating using zinc oxide to provide ultraviolet blocking |
US5149447A (en) * | 1991-05-23 | 1992-09-22 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Creosote filtration system with a shell and tube type filtration device |
GB2257375B (en) * | 1991-07-06 | 1994-08-24 | Domnick Hunter Ltd | Apparatus for separating contaminant from water |
US5207917A (en) * | 1991-10-08 | 1993-05-04 | Weaver Thomas J M | Recycling and recovery of aqueous cleaner solutions |
US5227071A (en) * | 1992-01-17 | 1993-07-13 | Madison Chemical Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for processing oily wastewater |
-
1992
- 1992-09-23 DE DE4231837A patent/DE4231837C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-09-15 SE SE9303003A patent/SE510503C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-20 JP JP25768593A patent/JP3479326B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-22 NL NL9301639A patent/NL194640C/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-22 GB GB9319533A patent/GB2270854B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-23 KR KR1019930019391A patent/KR100316625B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-23 CN CN93119334A patent/CN1102913C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-23 US US08/126,180 patent/US5388542A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR19990046484A (ko) * | 1999-03-17 | 1999-07-05 | 배종언 | 한외여과막을이용한공기압축기유분함유응축수처리장치 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1087323A (zh) | 1994-06-01 |
GB9319533D0 (en) | 1993-11-10 |
US5388542A (en) | 1995-02-14 |
KR100316625B1 (ko) | 2002-08-21 |
DE4231837C2 (de) | 1994-11-10 |
NL194640B (nl) | 2002-06-03 |
SE9303003L (sv) | 1994-03-24 |
NL9301639A (nl) | 1994-04-18 |
SE9303003D0 (sv) | 1993-09-15 |
JP3479326B2 (ja) | 2003-12-15 |
CN1102913C (zh) | 2003-03-12 |
SE510503C2 (sv) | 1999-05-31 |
GB2270854B (en) | 1996-11-20 |
DE4231837A1 (de) | 1994-03-24 |
GB2270854A (en) | 1994-03-30 |
JPH06211184A (ja) | 1994-08-02 |
NL194640C (nl) | 2002-10-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR940006925A (ko) | 선박에서의 기름으로 오염되고 유탁화되어 배틈으로 스며드는 물을 정화하는 방법 및 장치 | |
US3565252A (en) | Oil water separation system for tankers | |
US3937662A (en) | Marine discharge control apparatus and method for treating fluids on a marine vessel | |
Karakulski et al. | Purification of oily wastewater by ultrafiltration | |
US5227071A (en) | Method and apparatus for processing oily wastewater | |
US4846976A (en) | Treatment of emulsions | |
US3355382A (en) | Centripetal acceleration method and apparatus | |
US20040079706A1 (en) | Treatment of shipboard-generated oily wastewaters | |
KR890014146A (ko) | 막분리 시스템 조작방법 | |
US4850498A (en) | Fluid decontamination system | |
KR900701418A (ko) | 표면 및 유체 청정 방법 | |
KR102439657B1 (ko) | 스크러버 배수의 정화 장치 및 방법, 그리고 염분 농도차 발전 시스템 | |
SE411021B (sv) | Sett och anordning for rening av skervetska | |
US4790941A (en) | Fluid decontamination system | |
JPS5684603A (en) | Oil-water separating method by grain coarsening | |
GB2230965A (en) | Filter system | |
JP2007090212A (ja) | バラスト水製造装置、これを搭載する船舶及びバラスト水の製造方法 | |
US800113A (en) | Apparatus for separating solid substances from liquids. | |
US1318086A (en) | And keclaimistg system | |
CS213329B2 (cs) | Zařízení pro úpravy emulzí na bázi olej—voda | |
Goldsmith et al. | Oil water separation by ultrafiltration | |
SU1232563A1 (ru) | Плавуча станци дл очистки подсланевых вод | |
RU2100250C1 (ru) | Способ очистки загрязненной маслом и эмульгированной трюмной воды на судах и устройство для его осуществления | |
SE459379B (sv) | Saett och apparat foer separering av vatten och loesningsmedel ur en blandning av naemnda vaetskor, vilka anvaendes i en framkallningsmaskin foer moensterkort | |
JPS5934559Y2 (ja) | 船舶用油水分離装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PA0109 | Patent application |
St.27 status event code: A-0-1-A10-A12-nap-PA0109 |
|
R17-X000 | Change to representative recorded |
St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R17-oth-X000 |
|
P11-X000 | Amendment of application requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000 |
|
P13-X000 | Application amended |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000 |
|
PG1501 | Laying open of application |
St.27 status event code: A-1-1-Q10-Q12-nap-PG1501 |
|
N231 | Notification of change of applicant | ||
PN2301 | Change of applicant |
St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R13-asn-PN2301 St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R11-asn-PN2301 |
|
A201 | Request for examination | ||
PA0201 | Request for examination |
St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D11-exm-PA0201 |
|
PN2301 | Change of applicant |
St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R13-asn-PN2301 St.27 status event code: A-3-3-R10-R11-asn-PN2301 |
|
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
PE0902 | Notice of grounds for rejection |
St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D21-exm-PE0902 |
|
T11-X000 | Administrative time limit extension requested |
St.27 status event code: U-3-3-T10-T11-oth-X000 |
|
T11-X000 | Administrative time limit extension requested |
St.27 status event code: U-3-3-T10-T11-oth-X000 |
|
T11-X000 | Administrative time limit extension requested |
St.27 status event code: U-3-3-T10-T11-oth-X000 |
|
P11-X000 | Amendment of application requested |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P11-nap-X000 |
|
P13-X000 | Application amended |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-P10-P13-nap-X000 |
|
E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
PE0701 | Decision of registration |
St.27 status event code: A-1-2-D10-D22-exm-PE0701 |
|
GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
PR0701 | Registration of establishment |
St.27 status event code: A-2-4-F10-F11-exm-PR0701 |
|
PR1002 | Payment of registration fee |
St.27 status event code: A-2-2-U10-U11-oth-PR1002 Fee payment year number: 1 |
|
PG1601 | Publication of registration |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-Q10-Q13-nap-PG1601 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 4 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20051028 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U11-oth-PR1001 Fee payment year number: 5 |
|
LAPS | Lapse due to unpaid annual fee | ||
PC1903 | Unpaid annual fee |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-U10-U13-oth-PC1903 Not in force date: 20061124 Payment event data comment text: Termination Category : DEFAULT_OF_REGISTRATION_FEE |
|
PC1903 | Unpaid annual fee |
St.27 status event code: N-4-6-H10-H13-oth-PC1903 Ip right cessation event data comment text: Termination Category : DEFAULT_OF_REGISTRATION_FEE Not in force date: 20061124 |
|
P22-X000 | Classification modified |
St.27 status event code: A-4-4-P10-P22-nap-X000 |