KR20190025552A - 조직화된 알루미나 층을 갖는 절삭 공구 - Google Patents
조직화된 알루미나 층을 갖는 절삭 공구 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910010037 TiAlN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 TiAlCN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 135
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
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- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHJFNYXPKGDKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium;methane Chemical compound C.[Hf] WHJFNYXPKGDKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 2
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitride Chemical compound [Zr]#N ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000976924 Inca Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010041 TiAlC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003705 background correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005315 distribution function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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Abstract
Description
도 2a 는, 0°≤ α ≤ 80°(증분 5°) 및 0°≤ β ≤ 360°(증분 5°) 의 각도 범위에 걸쳐 X-선 회절에 의해 측정된 실시예 1 (본 발명) 의 코팅의 TiAlN 층의 {111} 극점도를 도시하고; 측정된 강도는 등치선에 의해 표시되고; 점선 원은 10 ~ 70 도의 라디알 각도를 나타내고, 파선 원은 80 도의 라디알 각도를 나타내고, 실선 (unbroken) 원은 90 도의 라디알 각도를 나타낸다.
도 2b 는 0°의 고정 베타 각도에서 0 ~ 90 도의 알파 각도의 범위에 걸쳐 도 2a 의 극점도를 통한 단면을 도시하고; 횡좌표는 0 ~ 90 도의 각도 범위를 나타내고, 종좌표는 측성된 상대 강도를 나타낸다.
도 3a 는 0°≤ α ≤ 80°(증분 5°) 및 0°≤ β ≤ 360°(증분 5°) 의 각도 범위에 걸쳐 X-선 회절에 의해 측정된 실시예 1 (본 발명) 의 코팅의 κ-Al2O3 층의 {002} 극점도를 도시하고; 측정된 강도는 등치선에 의해 표시되고; 점선 원은 10 ~ 70 도의 라디알 각도를 나타내고, 파선 원은 80 도의 라디알 각도를 나타내고, 또한 실선 원은 90 도의 라디알 각도를 나타낸다.
도 3b 는 0°의 고정 베타 각도에서 0 ~ 90 도의 알파 각도의 범위에 걸쳐 도 3a 의 극점도를 통한 단면을 도시하고; 횡좌표는 0 ~ 90 도의 각도 범위를 나타내고, 종좌표는 측정된 상대 강도를 나타낸다.
도 4 는 후술되는 바와 같이 제조된 실시예 2 (비교예) 의 코팅의 단면의 SEM 이미지를 도시한다.
도 5a 는 0°≤ α ≤ 80°(증분 5°) 및 0°≤ β ≤ 360°(증분 5°) 의 각도 범위에 걸쳐 X-선 회절에 의해 측정된 실시예 2 (비교예) 의 코팅의 TiAlN 층의 {111} 극점도를 도시하고; 측정된 강도는 등치선에 의해 표시되고; 파선 원은 80 도의 라디알 각도를 나타내고, 또한 실선 원은 90 도의 라디알 각도를 나타낸다 (이 도면은 10 ~ 70 도의 라디알 각도를 나타내는 점선 원을 포함하지 않는다).
도 5b 는 0°의 고정 베타 각도에서 0 ~ 90 도의 알파 각도의 범위에 걸쳐 도 5a 의 극점도를 통한 단면을 도시하고; 횡좌표는 0 ~ 90 도의 각도 범위를 나타내고, 종좌표는 측정된 상대 강도를 나타낸다.
도 6a 는 0°≤ α ≤ 80°(증분 5°) 및 0°≤ β ≤ 360°(증분 5°) 의 각도 범위에 걸쳐 X-선 회절에 의해 측정된 실시예 2 (비교예) 의 코팅의 κ-Al2O3 층의 {002} 극점도를 도시하고; 측정된 강도는 등치선에 의해 표시되고; 점선 원은 10 ~ 70 도의 라디알 각도를 나타내고, 파선 원은 80 도의 라디알 각도를 나타내고, 또한 실선 원은 90 도의 라디알 각도를 나타낸다.
도 6b 는 0°의 고정 베타 각도에서 0 ~ 90 도의 알파 각도의 범위에 걸쳐 도 6a 의 극점도를 통한 단면을 도시하고; 횡좌표는 0 ~ 90 도의 각도 범위를 나타내고, 종좌표는 측정된 상대 강도를 나타낸다.
Claims (13)
- 초경합금, 서멧, 세라믹, 강 또는 입방정질화붕소의 기재, 및 화학 기상 증착 (CVD) 에 의해 디포짓되고 또한 4 ~ 25 ㎛ 의 총 두께를 가지는 다층 내마모성 코팅으로 이루어지는 코팅된 절삭 공구로서,
상기 다층 내마모성 코팅은
CVD 에 의해 디포짓된 0.2≤x≤0.97, 0≤y≤0.25 및 0.7≤z≤1.15 인 일반식 Ti1-xAlxCyNz 로 표시되는 TiAlCN 층 (a), 및
상기 TiAlCN 층 (a) 바로 위에 CVD 에 의해 디포짓된 kappa 알루미늄 옥사이드의 κ-Al2O3 층 (b)
을 포함하고,
상기 Ti1-xAlxCyNz 층 (a) 은 기재 표면에 평행하게 우선적으로 성장하는 {111} 면을 갖는 전반적인 섬유 조직을 가지고, 상기 섬유 조직은, 0°≤ α ≤ 80°의 각도 범위에 대한 X-선 회절 또는 전자 후방 산란 회절에 의해 측정된 상기 Ti1-xAlxCyNz 층 (a) 의 {111} 극점도가 샘플 법선으로부터 ≤ 10°의 틸트 각도 내에서 강도 최대치를 가지고 또한 샘플 법선으로부터 ≤ 20°의 틸트 각도 내에서 0°≤ α ≤ 60°의 각도 범위에 걸쳐 측정된 상대 강도의 ≥ 50% 인 것을 특징으로 하고,
상기 κ-Al2O3 층 (b) 은 기재 표면에 평행하게 우선적으로 성장하는 {002} 면을 갖는 전반적인 섬유 조직을 가지고, 상기 섬유 조직은, 0°≤ α ≤ 80°의 각도 범위에 대한 X-선 회절 또는 전자 후방 산란 회절에 의해 측정된 상기 κ-Al2O3 층 (b) 의 {002} 극점도가 샘플 법선으로부터 ≤ 10°의 틸트 각도 내에서 강도 최대치를 가지고 또한 샘플 법선으로부터 ≤ 20°의 틸트 각도 내에서 0°≤ α ≤ 80°의 각도 범위에 걸쳐 측정된 상대 강도의 ≥ 50% 인 것을 특징으로 하는, 코팅된 절삭 공구. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 Ti1-xAlxCyNz 층 (a) 의 섬유 조직은, X-선 회절 또는 전자 후방 산란 회절에 의해 측정된 상기 Ti1-xAlxCyNz 층 (a) 의 {111} 극점도가 샘플 법선으로부터 ≤5°의 틸트 각도 내에서 강도 최대치를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는, 코팅된 절삭 공구. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 κ-Al2O3 층 (b) 의 섬유 조직은, X-선 회절 또는 전자 후방 산란 회절에 의해 측정된 상기 κ-Al2O3 층 (b) 의 {002} 극점도가 샘플 법선으로부터 ≤5°의 틸트 각도 내에서 강도 최대치를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는, 코팅된 절삭 공구. - 제 1 항 내지 제 3 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 TiAlCN 층 (a) 및 상기 κ-Al2O3 층 (b) 의 계면으로부터 30 nm 의 거리 내에서, 상기 TiAlCN 층 (a) 은, Ti1-xAlxCyNz 로 표시된 바와 같은 TiAlCN 층 (a) 의 평균 조성보다 높은 Ti 함량을 갖고, 차이 (x-u)≥0.04, 바람직하게는 (x-u)≥0.06 에 의해 특징지어 지며, 0.16≤u≤0.93, 0≤v≤0.25 및 0.7≤w≤1.15 인 화학 조성 Ti1-uAluCvNw 을 가지는, 코팅된 절삭 공구. - 제 1 항 내지 제 4 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 κ-Al2O3 층 (b) 에 대한 계면을 형성하는 상기 TiAlCN 층 (a) 의 표면은 {100} 결정 평면의 패싯에 의해 종료되는, 코팅된 절삭 공구. - 제 1 항 내지 제 5 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
> 90%, 바람직하게는 > 95%, 가장 바람직하게는 > 99% 의 상기 TiAlCN 층 (a) 은 면심 입방 (fcc) 결정 구조를 가지는, 코팅된 절삭 공구. - 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 TiAlCN 층 (a) 은 상이한 Ti 및 Al 화학량론적 함량의 TiAlCN 서브층이 교번하는 라멜라 (lamellar) 구조를 가지고, 상기 TiAlCN 서브층 각각은 150 nm 이하, 바람직하게는 50 nm 이하의 두께를 가지는, 코팅된 절삭 공구. - 제 1 항 내지 제 7 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
면심 입방 (fcc) 결정 구조를 가지고 또한 화학식 Ti1-xAlxCyNz 로 표시되는 상기 TiAlCN 층 (a) 의 입자 사이에는, Ti1-xAlxCyNz 로 표시되는 바와 같은 상기 TiAlCN 층 (a) 의 평균 조성보다 높은 Al 함량을 갖고, 차이 (o-x)≥0.05, 바람직하게는 (o-x)≥0.10 에 의해 특징지어 지고, 0.25≤o≤1.05, 0≤p≤0.25 및 0.7≤q≤1.15 인 화학 조성 Ti1-oAloCpNq 의 결정립계 침전물이 존재하는, 코팅된 절삭 공구. - 제 1 항 내지 제 8 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 TiAlCN 층 (a) 의 두께는 2 ㎛ ~ 14 ㎛, 바람직하게는 2.5 ㎛ ~ 6 ㎛ 인, 코팅된 절삭 공구. - 제 1 항 내지 제 9 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 κ-Al2O3 층 (b) 의 두께는 1 ㎛ ~ 9 ㎛, 바람직하게는 1.5 ㎛ ~ 6 ㎛ 인, 코팅된 절삭 공구. - 제 1 항 내지 제 10 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 다층 내마모성 코팅은, 상기 TiAlCN 층 (a) 및 상기 κ-Al2O3 층 (b) 에 더하여, 상기 기재 표면과 상기 TiAlCN 층 (a) 사이에 그리고/또는 상기 κ-Al2O3 층 (b) 위에, 화학 기상 증착 (CVD) 에 의해 증착되는, 주기율표의 4A 족, 5A 족 또는 6A 족의 원소들 또는 Al 또는 Si 중 하나 이상의 옥사이드, 카바이드, 니트라이드, 옥시카바이드, 옥시니트라이드, 카보니트라이드, 옥시카보니트라이드 또는 보로카보니트라이드, 또는 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 하나 이상의 내화층(들)을 포함하고, 각 내화층은 0.5 ~ 6 ㎛ 의 두께를 가지는, 코팅된 절삭 공구 인서트. - 제 1 항 내지 제 11 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 다층 내마모성 코팅은, TiN, TiC, TiCN, ZrN, ZrCN, HfN, HfCN, VC, TiAlN, TiAlCN, AlN 또는 이들의 조합 또는 멀티층으로 이루어지는, 0.1 ~ 3 ㎛, 바람직하게는 0.2 ~ 2 ㎛, 더 바람직하게는 0.5 ~ 1.5 ㎛ 두께의 최외측 상부 코팅을 포함하는, 코팅된 절삭 공구 인서트. - 제 1 항 내지 제 12 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 기재 표면 바로 위에서 접촉되는 제 1 내화층은 Ti(C,N), TiN, TiC, Ti(B,C,N), HfN, Zr(C,N) 또는 이들의 조합으로 이루어지고, 바람직하게는 상기 기재 표면에 인접한 제 1 내화층은 TiN 으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는, 코팅된 절삭 공구 인서트.
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