KR20160044014A - 밀도 향상 방법 및 조성물 - Google Patents
밀도 향상 방법 및 조성물 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20160044014A KR20160044014A KR1020167006973A KR20167006973A KR20160044014A KR 20160044014 A KR20160044014 A KR 20160044014A KR 1020167006973 A KR1020167006973 A KR 1020167006973A KR 20167006973 A KR20167006973 A KR 20167006973A KR 20160044014 A KR20160044014 A KR 20160044014A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
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- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
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- B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 5 극댓값(V 1 내지 V 5 로 표지됨)를 포함하는 S = 1.00958로써 플로팅된 통과 곡선의 예를 제공한다. 이러한 입자 분포에 있어서, V 2 및 V 5 에서의 극댓값에 대응하는 둘의 "충분히 크기분류된(sufficiently sized)" 입자 그룹이 존재하고, 각각 부피 범위 [V l ,V 3 -4 ] 및 [V 3- 4 ,V r ]에 의하여 나타난다. 이들 입자 그룹은, 이들 사이에 다른 충분히 크기분류된 입자 그룹이 존재하지 않고, 그룹 중의 입자의 더 큰 평균 부피 대 더 작은 평균 부피의 비율이 10,000 미만이므로, 또한 인접하다. V 1 및 V 2 에서의 극댓값 사이의 V 1-2 에서의 가장 작은 극솟값이 V 1 에서의 극댓값의 높이 PC S (V 1 )의 75% 초과인 높이 PC S (V 2-3 )이므로, V 1 에서의 극댓값은 충분히 크기분류된 입자 그룹과 관련되지 않는다. 통과 곡선 PC S (V S,i )로부터 계산된 P(V)로써, 범위 [V 2-3 ,V 3-4 ]에 걸친 P(V)V의 적분(그 대신에, 동일 범위에서 모든 PC S (V S,i )의 합계)이 [V l ,V r ]에 걸친 P(V)V의 적분(그 대신에, 동일 범위에서 모든 PC S (V S,i )의 합계)의 2% 미만이므로, V 3 에서의 극댓값에 대응하는 입자 그룹은 충분히 크기분류되지 않는다. V 1 에서의 극댓값과 유사하게, V 4-5 에서의 극솟값의 높이 PC S (V 4-5 )가 V 4 에서의 극댓값의 높이 PC S (V 4 )의 75% 초과이므로, V 4 에서의 극댓값은 충분히 크기분류된 입자 그룹과 관련되지 않는다.
도 3은 더 큰 입자 직경이 1이고 더 작은 직경이 0.45이고 (11의 큰 입자 대 작은 입자 부피 비율) 더 작은 입자의 상대 부피 분율 x S 은 0.267인 (입자의 이러한 크기 비율에 대한 기공률에서 거의 최소), 구형 입자의 2원 혼합물(두 크기)에 대한 짝상관함수 g 2 (r)를 나타낸다. 거리 r = 1.175, r = 1.4, 및 r = 1.725에서 g 2 (r)의 피크 (불연속성) 및 선형 거동에 유의하라. 급격한 최대값에 이어 즉각적인 수직 강하로 기술될 수 있는 이러한 불연속성은, 둘의 작은 입자 및 하나의 큰 입자 (r = 1.175), 둘의 작은 입자 사이의 하나의 큰 입자 (r = 1.4), 및 둘의 큰 입자 및 하나의 작은 입자 (r = 1.725)으로 이루어진 집단 내의 접촉하는 입자 중심의 선형 배열의 더 높은 확률을 나타낸다. 세 입자의 중심의 이러한 선형 배열에 대한 선호가 DSMG 구조에서 고유하지만, 각각의 모든 입자 그룹이 평균 크기에 대하여 특히 작은 크기 변동을 나타내는, 즉, 각각의 개별적인 입자 그룹에 대한 부피 분포 P(V)가 작은 표준편차를 나타내는 입자 그룹의 혼합물에 대해서만 용이하게 검출될 수 있다.
도 4A는 둘의 충분히 크기분류된 그룹으로 간주될 수 있는 입자의 그룹핑에 대한 통과 곡선 예를 나타낸다. 도 4B는 둘의 충분히 크기분류된 그룹으로의 입자의 그룹핑의 분할 예를 나타낸다.
도 5 A는 그룹 1(청색, 더 작은 극댓값) 및 그룹 2(녹색, 더 큰 극댓값)로부터의 입자의 상대 부피의 조합이 둘의 충분히 크기분류된 입자 그룹이 존재하는 조합된 통과 곡선을 유발할 수 없으므로, 하나로 간주되어야 하는 입자의 둘의 그룹핑에 대한 통과 곡선 예를 나타낸다. 도 5B는 단일 그룹으로서 조합된 입자의 그룹핑의 조합 통과 곡선 예를 나타낸다.
도 6은 그룹 평균 입자 부피 V j avg 를 가지는 9 입자 그룹 j = 1...9를 네 자리수(10,000 배)에 이르는 부피 범위에 따른 부분집합으로 분리하는 것을 나타내는 개략도이다. 이 경우에, 모든 부분집합의 상위집합 {i}는 4 부분집합, {1,2,3,4}1, {4,5}2, {5,6,7}3, 및 {7,8,9}4를 포함한다.
도 7은 21.2%의 기공률을 가지는, 약 17% 상대 부피 분율의 2mm 직경 소다석회 비드와 약 83% 상대 부피 분율의 10mm 직경 소다석회 비드의 혼합물의 측면 사진(도 7A) 및 상면 사진(도 7B)을 제공한다. 비드는 > 0.98의 구형도 및 정지마찰계수 < 0.05를 가지고, 따라서 마찰 없는 구를 잘 모의한다.
도 8은 상이한 부분집합으로부터의 입자 그룹이 혼합될 경우 기공률을 감소시키기 위하여 이용된 근사적 혼합 부피 분율 φ j 계산에서 이용된 부피 계산 예를 나타내는 도표이다. 주어진 예는 각각의 인접한 부분집합을 가지는 하나의 중첩되는 입자 그룹을 포함하는 부분집합에 대한 것이다.
Claims (74)
- a) 표적 표면 위에 위치하는 디스펜서, 상기 디스펜서는 20% 이하의 기공률을 가지는 과립형 복합물을 수용함; 및 b) 상기 표적 표면 상에 디스펜싱 될 경우 에너지를 상기 복합물에 전달하도록 위치된 에너지원을 포함하는 시스템.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 복합물은 불활성 차폐 가스로써 산화에 대하여 보호되는 시스템.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 복합물은 소결성 분말인 시스템.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 복합물은 융합성 분말인 시스템.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 복합물은 용융성 분말인 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 용융성 분말은 500 내지 5000 °C의 용융 온도를 나타내는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 금속 입자를 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 세라믹 입자를 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 서멧 입자를 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 세라믹 및 금속 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 탄화물 입자를 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 유리 입자를 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 고분자 및 금속 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 고분자 및 세라믹 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 고분자 및 유리 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 금속 및 유리 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 탄화물 및 고분자 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 탄화물 및 금속 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 탄화물, 서멧, 및 금속 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 탄화물, 서멧, 및 고분자 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 세라믹, 금속, 및 고분자 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 금속, 유리, 및 고분자 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 탄화물, 금속, 및 고분자 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 티타늄 합금 입자를 포함하고 대략 10%의 기공률을 가지는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 제1 및 제2 그룹의 입자를 포함하고, 상기 제1 그룹의 상기 입자는 상기 제2 그룹의 상기 입자의 평균 입자 부피보다 적어도 25 배 더 큰 평균 입자 부피를 가지는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 제1 및 제2 그룹의 입자를 포함하고, 상기 제1 그룹의 상기 입자는 상기 제2 그룹의 상기 입자의 평균 입자 부피보다 25 내지 2000 배 더 큰 평균 입자 부피를 가지는 시스템.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 대략 10 마이크론 입자를 포함하는 제1 그룹, 대략 2 마이크론 입자를 포함하는 제2 그룹, 대략 200 나노미터 입자를 포함하는 제3 그룹, 및 대략 40 나노미터 입자를 포함하는 제4 그룹 각각의 62.8% : 16.2% : 16.7%: 4.3% 혼합물을 포함하고, 상기 분말은 대략 4.4%의 기공률을 가지는 시스템.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 에너지원은 레이저인 시스템.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 과립형 복합물은 용매 중에 있는 시스템.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 과립형 복합물은 페이스트 중에 있는 시스템.
- 과립형 복합 분말의 레이어에 있어서, 상기 레이어는 두께가 1000 마이크론 미만이고, 상기 분말은 20% 이하의 기공률을 가지는 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 소결성인 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 융합성인 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 용융성인 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 금속 입자를 포함하는 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 세라믹 입자를 포함하는 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 서멧 입자를 포함하는 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 탄화물 입자를 포함하는 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 세라믹 및 금속 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 세라믹, 금속 및 고분자 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 티타늄 합금 입자를 포함하고 대략 10%의 기공률을 가지는 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 제1 및 제2 그룹의 입자를 포함하고, 상기 제1 그룹의 상기 입자는 상기 제2 그룹의 상기 입자의 평균 입자 부피보다 적어도 25 배 더 큰 평균 입자 부피를 가지는 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 제1 및 제2 그룹의 입자를 포함하고, 상기 제1 그룹의 상기 입자는 상기 제2 그룹의 상기 입자의 평균 입자 부피보다 25 내지 2000 배 더 큰 평균 입자 부피를 가지는 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 대략 10 마이크론 입자를 포함하는 제1 그룹, 대략 2 마이크론 입자를 포함하는 제2 그룹, 대략 200 나노미터 입자를 포함하는 제3 그룹, 및 대략 40 나노미터 입자를 포함하는 제4 그룹 각각의 62.8% : 16.2% : 16.7%: 4.3% 혼합물을 포함하고, 상기 분말은 대략 4.4%의 기공률을 가지는 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 레이어는 과립형 복합 분말의 제2 레이어 상에 위치되고, 상기 제2 레이어는 두께가 1000 마이크론 미만이고, 상기 분말은 20% 이하의 기공률을 가지는 레이어.
- 제45항에 있어서, 두 레이어 모두 두께가 대략 50 마이크론인 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 과립형 복합 분말은 용매 중에 있는 레이어.
- 제31항에 있어서, 상기 과립형 복합 분말은 페이스트 중에 있는 레이어.
- 다음 단계를 포함하는 레이어 제조 방법:
a) 20% 이하의 기공률을 가지는 과립형 복합 분말의 공급원을 제공하는 단계;
b) 상기 분말의 제1 부분을 표적 표면 상에 부착하는 단계;
c) 에너지가 제1 분말 부분의 소결, 융합 또는 용융을 일으켜 제1 레이어를 생성하도록 하는 조건하에, 에너지를 상기 제1 부분의 분말에 부여하는 단계;
d) 분말의 제2 부분을 상기 제1 레이어 상에 부착하는 단계; 및
e) 제2 분말 부분의 소결, 융합 또는 용융을 일으켜 상기 제1 레이어 상에 위치한 제2 레이어를 생성하도록 하는 조건하에, 에너지를 상기 제2 부분의 분말에 부여하는 단계. - 제49항에 있어서, 에너지는 레이저에 의하여 부여되는 방법.
- 제50항에 있어서, 단계 c)는 적어도 하나의 렌즈로써 레이저를 집중시키는 것을 포함하는 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 상기 제1 레이어 및 제2 레이어는 두께가 100 마이크론 미만인 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 금속 입자를 포함하는 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 세라믹 입자를 포함하는 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 서멧 입자를 포함하는 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 탄화물 입자를 포함하는 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 세라믹 및 금속 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 세라믹, 금속 및 고분자 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 티타늄 합금 입자를 포함하고 대략 10%의 기공률을 가지는 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 제1 및 제2 그룹의 입자를 포함하고, 상기 제1 그룹의 상기 입자는 상기 제2 그룹의 상기 입자의 평균 입자 부피보다 적어도 25 배 더 큰 평균 입자 부피를 가지는 방법.
- 제60항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 제1 및 제2 그룹의 입자를 포함하고, 상기 제1 그룹의 상기 입자는 상기 제2 그룹의 상기 입자의 평균 입자 부피보다 25 내지 2000 배 더 큰 평균 입자 부피를 가지는 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 상기 분말은 대략 10 마이크론 입자를 포함하는 제1 그룹, 대략 2 마이크론 입자를 포함하는 제2 그룹, 대략 200 나노미터 입자를 포함하는 제3 그룹, 및 대략 40 나노미터 입자를 포함하는 제4 그룹 각각의 62.8% : 16.2% : 16.7%: 4.3% 혼합물을 포함하고, 상기 분말은 대략 4.4%의 기공률을 가지는 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 상기 과립형 복합 분말은 용매 중에 있는 방법.
- 제49항에 있어서, 상기 과립형 복합 분말은 페이스트 중에 있는 방법.
- 다음 단계를 포함하는 레이어 제조 방법:
a) 제1 및 제2 과립형 복합 분말을 제공하는 단계, 상기 분말 각각은 20% 이하의 기공률을 가짐;
b) 상기 제1 분말을 표적 표면 상에 부착하는 단계;
c) 에너지가 상기 제1 분말의 소결, 융합 또는 용융을 일으켜 제1 레이어를 생성하도록 하는 조건하에, 에너지를 상기 제1 분말에 부여하는 단계;
d) 상기 제2 분말을 제1 레이어 상에 부착하는 단계; 및
e) 에너지가 상기 제2 분말의 소결, 융합 또는 용융을 일으켜 제2 레이어를 생성하도록 에너지를 상기 제2 분말에 부여하는 단계. - 제65항에 있어서, 상기 에너지는 레이저에 의하여 부여되는 방법.
- 제65항에 있어서, 상기 제1 레이어 및 제2 레이어는 두께가 100 마이크론 미만인 방법.
- 제65항에 있어서, 상기 제1 분말은 금속 입자를 포함하는 방법.
- 제65항에 있어서, 상기 제2 분말은 세라믹 입자를 포함하는 방법.
- 제65항에 있어서, 상기 제1 분말은 서멧 입자를 포함하는 방법.
- 제65항에 있어서, 상기 제2 분말은 세라믹 및 금속 입자의 혼합물을 포함하는 방법.
- 제65항에 있어서, 상기 제1 분말은 티타늄 합금 입자를 포함하고 대략 10%의 기공률을 가지는 방법.
- 제65항에 있어서, 상기 제1 분말은 제1 및 제2 그룹의 입자를 포함하고, 상기 제1 그룹의 상기 입자는 상기 제2 그룹의 상기 입자의 평균 입자 부피보다 적어도 25 배 더 큰 평균 입자 부피를 가지는 방법.
- 제73항에 있어서, 상기 제1 분말은 제1 및 제2 그룹의 입자를 포함하고, 상기 제1 그룹의 상기 입자는 상기 제2 그룹의 상기 입자의 평균 입자 부피보다 25 내지 2000 배 더 큰 평균 입자 부피를 가지는 방법.
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US10864577B2 (en) | 2020-12-15 |
KR102215240B1 (ko) | 2021-02-15 |
BR112016003414A8 (pt) | 2020-02-11 |
WO2015073081A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
AU2018204556A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
AU2014349205A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
EP3117935A1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
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CA2920344A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
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US20190308244A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
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US20220395898A1 (en) | 2022-12-15 |
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US20160368057A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
CA3172723A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
JP2021130879A (ja) | 2021-09-09 |
AU2018204556B2 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
US20160200045A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
US12151978B2 (en) | 2024-11-26 |
EP3036191A4 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
CA2920344C (en) | 2022-12-06 |
EP3036191A1 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
EP3117935B1 (en) | 2024-10-30 |
ZA201601250B (en) | 2017-05-31 |
MX377521B (es) | 2025-03-10 |
JP2016535169A (ja) | 2016-11-10 |
MX2020006880A (es) | 2020-08-24 |
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