KR20150101873A - 양극 활물질, 이를 채용한 양극과 리튬 전지 및 이의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
양극 활물질, 이를 채용한 양극과 리튬 전지 및 이의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20150101873A KR20150101873A KR1020140023713A KR20140023713A KR20150101873A KR 20150101873 A KR20150101873 A KR 20150101873A KR 1020140023713 A KR1020140023713 A KR 1020140023713A KR 20140023713 A KR20140023713 A KR 20140023713A KR 20150101873 A KR20150101873 A KR 20150101873A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- group
- lithium
- core
- active material
- coating layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- -1 sulfate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940083575 sodium dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021440 lithium nickel complex oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- YFVGRULMIQXYNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;dodecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O YFVGRULMIQXYNE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940063953 ammonium lauryl sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052696 pnictogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 45
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 10
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 3
- NZPSDGIEKAQVEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzodioxol-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C1OC(=O)O2 NZPSDGIEKAQVEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CNQBXJDCTHCEFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexamethoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound COP1(OC)=NP(OC)(OC)=NP(OC)(OC)=N1 CNQBXJDCTHCEFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFUDBPZFGCNRDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylcyclopenta-1,3-diene;cyclopenta-1,3-diene;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.CCCCC1=CC=C[CH-]1 WFUDBPZFGCNRDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLHWNGXLXZPNOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C=1C(=NN(C=1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)CCN1CCOCC1 VLHWNGXLXZPNOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCCS1(=O)=O PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNIJMZBLZRMFDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(OCO1)=O.C(OCC)(OCC)=O Chemical compound C1(OCO1)=O.C(OCC)(OCC)=O YNIJMZBLZRMFDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical group COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012722 Li3N-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012716 Li3N-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012734 Li3N—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013043 Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013035 Li3PO4-Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012810 Li3PO4—Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012797 Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012047 Li4SiO4-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012075 Li4SiO4-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012057 Li4SiO4—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010935 LiFOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012573 LiSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012346 LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012345 LiSiO4-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012348 LiSiO4—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 일 실시예에 따른 리튬 전지의 구조를 나타낸 개략도이다.
도 3은 실시예 1, 실시예 4, 비교예 1 및 비교예 4에서 제조된 양극 활물질의 XPS 측정 결과이다.
도 4는 실시예 10 및 비교예 12에서 제조된 코인 하프 셀의 사이클별 용량 측정 결과이다.
도 5는 실시예 11 및 비교예 13에서 제조된 코인 하프 셀의 사이클별 용량 측정 결과이다.
도 6은 실시예 12 및 비교예 14에서 제조된 코인 하프 셀의 사이클별 용량 측정 결과이다.
도 7은 실시예 10, 비교예 9 및 비교예 12에서 제조된 코인 하프 셀의 사이클별 용량 유지율 측정 결과이다.
도 8은 실시예 11, 비교예 10 및 비교예 13에서 제조된 코인 하프 셀의 사이클별 용량 유지율 측정 결과이다.
도 9는 실시예 12, 비교예 11 및 비교예 14에서 제조된 코인 하프 셀의 사이클별 용량 유지율 측정 결과이다.
도 10은 실시예 10, 실시예 13-14, 비교예 12 및 비교예 15에서 제조된 코인 하프 셀의 사이클별 용량 측정 결과이다.
도 11은 실시예 10, 실시예 13-14, 비교예 12 및 비교예 15에서 제조된 코인 하프 셀의 사이클별 용량 유지율 측정 결과이다.
도 12는 실시예 10, 실시예 15-18, 비교예 12 및 비교예 16에서 제조된 코인 하프 셀의 사이클별 용량 유지율 측정 결과이다.
코팅액 성분 | S의 결합 에너지(eV) | |
실시예 1 | SDS 1 중량부 | 166.7 |
실시예 4 | LDS 1 중량부 | 166.9 |
비교예 1 | - | 168.8 |
비교예 4 | - | 168.8 |
비교예 7 | 황산 나트륨 1 중량부 | 168.8 |
13: 코팅층 22: 음극층
23: 양극층 24: 세퍼레이터
25: 전지 용기 26: 봉입 부재
30: 리튬 전지
Claims (24)
- 코어; 및
상기 코어 상에 형성된 코팅층;을 포함하는 양극 활물질로서,
상기 코팅층이 황(S) 성분을 포함하고,
X선 광전자 분광법(XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)에 의해 측정 시, 상기 S의 결합 에너지(binding energy)의 피크가 165 eV 내지 168 eV에서 나타나는 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
X선 광전자 분광법(XPS)에 의해 측정 시, 상기 S의 결합 에너지의 피크가 166 eV 내지 167.5 eV에서 나타나는 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코어가 리튬 니켈 복합 산화물을 포함하는 양극 활물질. - 제3항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 니켈 복합 산화물 내에 포함된 리튬을 제외한 금속 원자 총몰을 기준으로 니켈의 함량이 적어도 60 몰%인 양극 활물질. - 제4항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 니켈 복합 산화물 내에 포함된 리튬을 제외한 금속 원자 총몰을 기준으로 니켈의 함량이 적어도 80 몰%인 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코어가 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 리튬 니켈 복합 산화물을 포함하는 양극 활물질:
<화학식 1>
Lia(NixMy'Mz")O2
상기 식에서, M'은 Co, Mn, Ni, Al, Mg 및 Ti로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 원소이고, M"은 Ca, Mg, Al, Ti, Sr, Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, 및 B로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 원소이며, 0.8 < a ≤ 1.2, 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.4, 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.4 및 x+y+z ≤ 1.2이다. - 제6항에 있어서,
상기 코어가 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 리튬 니켈 복합 산화물을 포함하는 양극 활물질:
<화학식 2>
Lia(NixCoyMnz)O2
상기 식에서, 0.8 < a ≤ 1.2, 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.4, 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.4 및 x+y+z ≤ 1.2이다. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코어가 1차 입자가 응집되어 형성된 2차 입자인 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 황의 함량이 양극 활물질 총중량을 기준으로 0.01 내지 10 중량%인 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층이 알칼리 금속, 알칼리 토금속, 전이금속, 및 15족 원소로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 원소를 더 포함하는 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층이 리튬(Li), 나트륨(Na), 칼륨(K), 루비듐(Rb), 세슘(Cs), 마그네슘(Mg), 칼슘(Ca), 알루미늄(Al), 규소(Si), 주석(Sn), 납(Pb), 망간(Mn), 철(Fe), 크롬(Cr), 니켈(Ni), 아연(Zn), 지르코늄(Zr), 탈륨(Tl) 및 질소(N)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 원소를 더 포함하는 양극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층이 연속적인 코팅층인 양극 활물질. - 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극.
- 제13항에 따른 양극을 포함하는 리튬 전지.
- 코어 표면을 설페이트(sulfate) 화합물을 포함하는 상기 코팅액으로 코팅하는 단계; 및
상기 코팅된 코어를 열처리하여, 황(S) 성분을 포함하는 코팅층을 형성하는 단계;를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제15항에 있어서,
상기 설페이트 화합물이 알칼리 금속, 알칼리 토금속, 전이금속, 및 15족 원소로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 원소를 더 포함하는 양극 활물질. - 제17항에 있어서,
상기 지방족 탄화수소기가 탄소수 1 내지 20의 알킬기이고, 상기 X가 NH4, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Al, Si, Sn, Pb, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Zn, Zr 및 Tl로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상인 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제15항에 있어서,
상기 설페이트 화합물이 나트륨 도데실 설페이트(Sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), 리튬 도데실 설페이트(Lithium dodecyl sulfate, LDS), 암모늄 라우릴 설페이트(Ammonium laulyl sulfate, ALS), 및 나트륨 라우릴 설페이트(Sodium laulyl sulfate, SLS)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 화합물을 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제15항에 있어서,
상기 설페이트 화합물의 함량이 상기 코어 100 중량부를 기준으로 0.01 내지 10 중량부인 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제15항에 있어서,
상기 코어가 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 리튬 니켈 복합 산화물을 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법:
<화학식 1>
Lia(NixMy'Mz")O2
상기 식에서, M'은 Co, Mn, Ni, Al, Mg 및 Ti로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 원소이고, M"은 Ca, Mg, Al, Ti, Sr, Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, 및 B로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 원소이며, 0.8 < a ≤ 1.2, 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.4, 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.4 및 x+y+z ≤ 1.2이다. - 제15항에 있어서,
상기 코어 표면을 상기 코팅액으로 코팅하는 단계 전에, 상기 코어를 증류수로 세정하는 단계를 더 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제15항에 있어서,
상기 열처리가 건조 및 소성을 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제23항에 있어서,
상기 소성이 공기 중에서 300℃ 내지 1000℃의 온도로 수행되는 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
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