KR20030005371A - 고분자 전해질형 연료전지 - Google Patents
고분자 전해질형 연료전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20030005371A KR20030005371A KR1020027015651A KR20027015651A KR20030005371A KR 20030005371 A KR20030005371 A KR 20030005371A KR 1020027015651 A KR1020027015651 A KR 1020027015651A KR 20027015651 A KR20027015651 A KR 20027015651A KR 20030005371 A KR20030005371 A KR 20030005371A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- conductive separator
- gas flow
- separator plates
- fuel cell
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 air Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 복수의 도전성 세퍼레이터판 및 상기 도전성 세퍼레이터판의 사이에 삽입된 전해질막-전극접합체를 포함하는 전지 스택을 구비하고, 상기 전해질막-전극접합체가 수소이온 전도성 고분자 전해질막, 및 상기 수소이온 전도성 고분자 전해질막을 끼운 양극 및 음극을 구비하고, 상기 각 도전성 세퍼레이터판이 한쪽의 주면에 상기 양극에 연료가스를 공급·배출하는 복수의 병행하는 가스유통 홈을 가지며, 다른쪽의 주면에 상기 음극에 산화제가스를 공급·배출하는 복수의 병행하는 가스유통 홈을 가진 고분자 전해질형 연료전지로서, 상기 도전성 세퍼레이터판의 양 가스유통 홈은 한쪽의 주면의 가스유통 홈이 다른쪽의 주면의 가스유통 홈 사이의 리브에 대응하도록 배치되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 고분자 전해질형 연료전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 전해질막-전극접합체의 양극에 연료가스를 공급·배출하는 가스유통 홈과, 동일한 전해질막-전극접합체의 음극에 산화제가스를 공급·배출하는 가스유통 홈이 대응하는 위치에 있는 고분자 전해질형 연료전지.
- 제 2 항에 있어서, 실질적으로 모든 상기 복수의 도전성 세퍼레이터판이 동일형상을 가지며, 인접한 도전성 세퍼레이터판이, 교대로, 상기 각 도전성 세퍼레이터판의 주면상에서 180도 회전하여 배치되고 있는 고분자 전해질형 연료전지.
- 제 2 항에 있어서, 상기 각 도전성 세퍼레이터판의, 상기 양 가스유통 홈의 바닥면의 폭이 각각 상기 양 가스유통 홈의 표면의 폭보다 작은 고분자 전해질형 연료전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 전해질막-전극접합체의 양극에 연료가스를 공급·배출하는 가스유통 홈과, 동일한 전해질막-전극접합체의 음극에 산화제가스를 공급·배출하는 가스유통 홈 사이의 리브가 대응하는 위치에 있는 고분자 전해질형 연료전지.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 실질적으로 모든 상기 복수의 도전성 세퍼레이터판이 동일형상을 가지며, 인접한 도전성 세퍼레이터판이 상기 각 도전성 세퍼레이터판의 주면상에서 동일방향으로 배치되어 있는 고분자 전해질형 연료전지.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 상기 각 도전성 세퍼레이터판의, 상기 한쪽의 주면의 상기 가스유통 홈 사이의 리브의 폭, 및 상기 다른쪽의 주면의 상기 리브의 폭이, 각각 상기 한쪽의 주면의 상기 가스유통 홈의 폭, 및 상기 다른쪽의 주면의 상기 가스유통 홈의 폭보다 크고, 또한 1.4배 이하인 고분자 전해질형 연료전지.
- 제 7 항에 있어서, 상기 각 도전성 세퍼레이터판의, 상기 양 가스유통 홈의 바닥면의 폭이 각각 상기 양 가스유통 홈의 표면의 폭보다 작고, 또한 0.6배 이상인 고분자 전해질형 연료전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 복수의 도전성 세퍼레이터판중, 상기 전지 스택의 양 끝단부에 배치한 도전성 세퍼레이터판의 기계적 강도를, 다른 도전성 세퍼레이터판의 기계적 강도보다도 높게 한 고분자 전해질형 연료전지.
- 제 9 항에 있어서, 상기 복수의 도전성 세퍼레이터판중, 상기 양 끝단부에 배치한 도전성 세퍼레이터판의 두께를, 다른 도전성 세퍼레이터판의 두께보다 두껍게 한 고분자 전해질형 연료전지.
- 제 9 항에 있어서, 상기 양 끝단부에 배치한 상기 도전성 세퍼레이터판에, 카본재료 또는 금속재료를 구성요소로 하는 보강부재를 부가한 고분자 전해질형 연료전지.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JPJP-P-2001-00086987 | 2001-03-26 | ||
JP2001086987 | 2001-03-26 | ||
JPJP-P-2001-00106731 | 2001-04-05 | ||
JP2001106731 | 2001-04-05 | ||
PCT/JP2002/002869 WO2002078108A1 (fr) | 2001-03-26 | 2002-03-25 | Pile a combustible a electrolyte haut polymere |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20030005371A true KR20030005371A (ko) | 2003-01-17 |
KR100488254B1 KR100488254B1 (ko) | 2005-05-11 |
Family
ID=26612014
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2002-7015651A KR100488254B1 (ko) | 2001-03-26 | 2002-03-25 | 고분자 전해질형 연료전지 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7014940B2 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP1357621B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP4226332B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100488254B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN1274048C (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2002078108A1 (ko) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100718113B1 (ko) * | 2006-01-27 | 2007-05-15 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료전지의 바이폴라 플레이트 및 연료전지 |
US8338035B2 (en) | 2009-08-04 | 2012-12-25 | Hyundai Motor Company | Separator for fuel cell |
USD753090S1 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2016-04-05 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Media player |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2004035174A1 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2004-04-29 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Layered filter structure comprising short metal fibers |
US7655337B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2010-02-02 | Ultracell Corporation | Micro fuel cell thermal management |
JP4862243B2 (ja) | 2003-12-24 | 2012-01-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池スタック |
KR100529080B1 (ko) * | 2004-03-25 | 2005-11-15 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 전지 시스템 및 이에 사용되는 스택 |
CN100353602C (zh) * | 2004-08-02 | 2007-12-05 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种混合型流场 |
US7686937B2 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2010-03-30 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Separator plates, ion pumps, and hydrogen fuel infrastructure systems and methods for generating hydrogen |
US20080199738A1 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-21 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Solid oxide fuel cell interconnect |
US8309273B2 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2012-11-13 | Panasonic Corporation | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell and fuel cell stack including the same |
EP2330668B1 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2020-06-03 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell and fuel cell stack provided with same |
US8986905B2 (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2015-03-24 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell interconnect |
US8084163B2 (en) | 2008-11-12 | 2011-12-27 | Panasonic Corporation | Fuel cell |
EP2549573B1 (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2018-12-12 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell and fuel cell stack equipped with same |
US8962219B2 (en) | 2011-11-18 | 2015-02-24 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell interconnects and methods of fabrication |
GB2505963B (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2021-04-07 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | A fuel cell stack assembly |
JP6056347B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-09 | 2017-01-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の製造方法および燃料電池の製造装置 |
US9478812B1 (en) | 2012-10-17 | 2016-10-25 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Interconnect for fuel cell stack |
WO2014074478A1 (en) | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-15 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Improved interconnect and end plate design for fuel cell stack |
US9502721B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 | 2016-11-22 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Pre-formed powder delivery to powder press machine |
WO2015130644A1 (en) | 2014-02-25 | 2015-09-03 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Composition and processing of metallic interconnects for sofc stacks |
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- 2002-03-25 WO PCT/JP2002/002869 patent/WO2002078108A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-25 EP EP02708658A patent/EP1357621B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-25 JP JP2002576038A patent/JP4226332B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-25 CN CNB028008707A patent/CN1274048C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-25 KR KR10-2002-7015651A patent/KR100488254B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-25 US US10/296,513 patent/US7014940B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR100718113B1 (ko) * | 2006-01-27 | 2007-05-15 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료전지의 바이폴라 플레이트 및 연료전지 |
US8338035B2 (en) | 2009-08-04 | 2012-12-25 | Hyundai Motor Company | Separator for fuel cell |
USD753090S1 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2016-04-05 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Media player |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2002078108A1 (fr) | 2002-10-03 |
CN1274048C (zh) | 2006-09-06 |
KR100488254B1 (ko) | 2005-05-11 |
EP1357621A1 (en) | 2003-10-29 |
US7014940B2 (en) | 2006-03-21 |
JPWO2002078108A1 (ja) | 2004-07-15 |
CN1460303A (zh) | 2003-12-03 |
US20030157387A1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
JP4226332B2 (ja) | 2009-02-18 |
EP1357621B1 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
EP1357621A4 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
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