KR19990028212A - 섬유 강화형 알루미늄 모재 복합 재료 - Google Patents
섬유 강화형 알루미늄 모재 복합 재료Info
- Publication number
- KR19990028212A KR19990028212A KR1019970709523A KR19970709523A KR19990028212A KR 19990028212 A KR19990028212 A KR 19990028212A KR 1019970709523 A KR1019970709523 A KR 1019970709523A KR 19970709523 A KR19970709523 A KR 19970709523A KR 19990028212 A KR19990028212 A KR 19990028212A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- fibers
- base material
- composite
- fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 111
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018191 Al—Fe—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000914 Metallic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011226 reinforced ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
- C22C47/025—Aligning or orienting the fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/08—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
- C22C49/04—Light metals
- C22C49/06—Aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- Y10T428/2942—Plural coatings
- Y10T428/2944—Free metal in coating
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
순수 Al55-65 vol.% Al2O3 | Al-2 wt% Cu55-65 vol.% Al2O3 | |
종방향의 영 계수, E11 (2) | 220-260 GPa(32-38 Msi) | 220-260 GPa(32-38 Msi) |
횡방향의 영 계수, E22 | 120-140 GPa(17.5-20 Msi) | 150-160 GPa(22-23 Msi) |
전단 계수, G12 | 48-50 GPa(6.5-7.3 Msi) | 45-47 GPa(6.5-6.8 Msi) |
전단 계수, G21 | 54-57 GPa(7.8-8.3 Msi) | 55-56 GPa(8-8.2 Msi) |
종방향의 인장 강도, S11,T | 1500-1900 GPa(220-275 ksi) | 1500-1800 GPa(220-260 ksi) |
종방향의 압축 강도, S11,C | 1700-1800 GPa(245-260 ksi) | 3500-3700 GPa(500-540 ksi) |
2% 변형률에서의전단 강도, S21-S12 | 70 MPa(10 ksi) | 140 MPa(20 ksi) |
1% 변형률에서의횡방향 강도, S22 | 110-130 MPa(16-19 ksi) | 270-320 MPa(39-46 ksi) |
(1)상기 표에 나타낸 성질들은 55-65 vol.% NEXTEL™ 세라믹 섬유를 함유하는 복합재 상에서 측정된 기계적 성능을 나타낸다.(2)색인 표시1 = 섬유 방향; 2 = 횡방향;ij:i 응력이 작용하는 평면에 수직한 방향, j = 응력 방향, S = 특별히 언급하지 않으면 최종 강도. |
Claims (19)
- 인장 강도가 약 2.8 GPa 이상이고, 섬유 또는 모재 내에 취성을 증가시킬 수 있는 재료의 상(相, phase) 또는 영역이 실질적으로 없는 원소 알루미늄 모재 내에 함유된 1개 이상의 다결정 α-Al2O3섬유를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 재료.
- 인장 강도가 약 2.8 GPa 이상이고, 모재 내에 함유된 1개 이상의 다결정 α-Al2O3섬유를 포함하는 복합 재료로서,상기 모재는 원소 알루미늄 및 약 2% 이하의 구리의 합금을 포함하고, 섬유 또는 모재 내에 취성을 증가시킬 수 있는 재료의 상 또는 영역이 실질적으로 없는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 재료.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 1개 이상의 섬유는 실질적으로 연속인 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 재료.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 약 30-70% 사이의 다결정 α-Al2O3섬유를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 재료.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 약 40-60% 사이의 다결정 α-Al2O3섬유를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 재료.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 원소 알루미늄 모재는 약 0.03% 미만의 Fe를 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 재료.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 원소 알루미늄 모재는 약 0.01% 미만의 Fe를 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 재료.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 모재의 항복 강도는 약 90 MPa 미만인 것을 특징으로 하는 복합 재료.
- 모재 내에 실질적으로 연속인 복수개의 다결정 α-Al2O3섬유를 포함하는 와이어로서,상기 모재는 실질적으로 순수한 원소 알루미늄, 그리고 원소 알루미늄 및 약 2% 이하의 구리의 합금으로 구성되는 그룹에서 선택하는 것을 특징으로 하는 와이어.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 1개 이상의 섬유는 실질적으로 연속인 것을 특징으로 하는 와이어.
- 머리위의 고전압 송전 케이블로서,상기 케이블은 복수개의 알루미늄 모재 복합재료 와이어를 포함하고, 상기 와이어 각각은 모재 내에 실질적으로 연속인 복수개의 다결정 α-Al2O3섬유를 포함하며, 상기 모재는 실질적으로 순수한 원소 알루미늄, 그리고 원소 알루미늄 및 약 2% 이하의 구리의 합금으로 구성되는 그룹에서 선택하는 것을 특징으로 하는 케이블.
- 제11항에 있어서, 복수개의 전도성 알루미늄 또는 알루미늄 합금 와이어를 포함하는 1개 이상의 전도성 자켓을 추가로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 케이블.
- 제9항 또는 제11항에 있어서, 상기 알루미늄 모재 복합 재료 와이어는 약 30-70% 사이의 다결정 α-Al2O3섬유를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 제품.
- 제9항 또는 제11항에 있어서, 상기 알루미늄 모재 복합 재료 와이어는 약 40-60% 사이의 다결정 α-Al2O3섬유를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 제품.
- 제9항 또는 제11항에 있어서, 상기 알루미늄 모재 복합 재료 와이어의 모재는 약 0.03% 미만의 Fe를 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 제품.
- 제9항 또는 제11항에 있어서, 상기 알루미늄 모재 복합 재료 와이어의 모재는 약 20 MPa 미만의 항복 강도를 갖는 실질적으로 순수한 원소 알루미늄을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 제품.
- 제9항 또는 제11항에 있어서, 상기 알루미늄 모재 복합 재료 와이어의 모재는 원소 알루미늄 및 약 2% 이하의 구리의 합금을 포함하고, 모재의 항복 강도는 약 90 MPa 미만인 것을 특징으로 하는 제품.
- 제9항 또는 제11항에 있어서, 상기 다결정의 α-Al2O3섬유의 종방향 인장 강도는 약 2.8 GPa 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 제품.
- 제12항에 있어서, 상기 전도성 자켓의 상기 전도성 알루미늄 와이어는 1350 Al 및 6201 Al로 구성되는 그룹에서 선택하는 것을 특징으로 하는 제품.
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US8/492,960 | 1995-06-21 | ||
US08/492,960 US6245425B1 (en) | 1995-06-21 | 1995-06-21 | Fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite wire |
US08/492,960 | 1995-06-21 |
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KR19990028212A true KR19990028212A (ko) | 1999-04-15 |
KR100420198B1 KR100420198B1 (ko) | 2004-07-23 |
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US (6) | US6245425B1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP0833952B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP4284444B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100420198B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN1101483C (ko) |
AT (1) | ATE199412T1 (ko) |
AU (1) | AU707820B2 (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2225072C (ko) |
DE (1) | DE69611913T2 (ko) |
MY (1) | MY120884A (ko) |
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1995
- 1995-06-21 US US08/492,960 patent/US6245425B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-05-21 KR KR1019970709523A patent/KR100420198B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-21 WO PCT/US1996/007286 patent/WO1997000976A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-05-21 AT AT96920315T patent/ATE199412T1/de active
- 1996-05-21 CA CA002225072A patent/CA2225072C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-21 CN CN96194957A patent/CN1101483C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-21 AU AU58661/96A patent/AU707820B2/en not_active Expired
- 1996-05-21 DE DE69611913T patent/DE69611913T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-21 JP JP50383997A patent/JP4284444B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-05-21 EP EP96920315A patent/EP0833952B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-03 MY MYPI96002131A patent/MY120884A/en unknown
-
1997
- 1997-12-19 NO NO19976010A patent/NO321706B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
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1999
- 1999-03-31 US US09/282,858 patent/US6336495B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-31 US US09/282,843 patent/US6180232B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2000
- 2000-03-20 US US09/531,045 patent/US6544645B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-20 US US09/531,351 patent/US6447927B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-11 US US09/546,944 patent/US6460597B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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AU5866196A (en) | 1997-01-22 |
US6447927B1 (en) | 2002-09-10 |
DE69611913T2 (de) | 2001-10-04 |
EP0833952A1 (en) | 1998-04-08 |
NO976010D0 (no) | 1997-12-19 |
US6180232B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 |
NO321706B1 (no) | 2006-06-26 |
EP0833952B1 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
US6336495B1 (en) | 2002-01-08 |
AU707820B2 (en) | 1999-07-22 |
MY120884A (en) | 2005-12-30 |
US6544645B1 (en) | 2003-04-08 |
WO1997000976A1 (en) | 1997-01-09 |
NO976010L (no) | 1998-02-23 |
CN1101483C (zh) | 2003-02-12 |
ATE199412T1 (de) | 2001-03-15 |
CA2225072C (en) | 2008-07-29 |
US6245425B1 (en) | 2001-06-12 |
US6460597B1 (en) | 2002-10-08 |
DE69611913D1 (de) | 2001-04-05 |
CN1188514A (zh) | 1998-07-22 |
JP4284444B2 (ja) | 2009-06-24 |
KR100420198B1 (ko) | 2004-07-23 |
CA2225072A1 (en) | 1997-01-09 |
JPH11508325A (ja) | 1999-07-21 |
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