KR102663791B1 - 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 및 그 제조 방법에 따른 양극 활물질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 및 그 제조 방법에 따른 양극 활물질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR102663791B1 KR102663791B1 KR1020180099116A KR20180099116A KR102663791B1 KR 102663791 B1 KR102663791 B1 KR 102663791B1 KR 1020180099116 A KR1020180099116 A KR 1020180099116A KR 20180099116 A KR20180099116 A KR 20180099116A KR 102663791 B1 KR102663791 B1 KR 102663791B1
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- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- active material
- positive electrode
- electrode active
- secondary battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);manganese(2+);nickel(2+);hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2] SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- -1 amorphous Chemical compound 0.000 description 12
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910001228 Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (NCM 111) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 7
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- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical group [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910018060 Ni-Co-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018209 Ni—Co—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KVBRZJMREMMXNK-UHFFFAOYSA-G lithium cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) nickel(2+) heptahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Mn+2].[Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-] KVBRZJMREMMXNK-UHFFFAOYSA-G 0.000 description 3
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- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound [CH2]COC(=O)OCCC QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxacycloundecan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCO1 GHZRKQCHJFHJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000973 polyvinylchloride carboxylated Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C WMOVHXAZOJBABW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002733 tin-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
구체적으로, 본 발명의 일 구현예에서는, 리튬 코발트계 산화물을 포함하는 코어 입자, 니켈 코발트 망간계 수산화물 입자 및 리튬 원료 물질을 건식 혼합하는 단계; 및 상기 건식 혼합물을 소성하여, 상기 리튬 코발트 산화물을 포함하는 코어 입자 표면에 리튬 니켈 코발트 망간계 산화물을 포함하는 코팅층을 형성하는 단계;를 포함하는, 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법을 제공한다.
Description
실시예 1 및 2, 그리고 비교예 1 내지 3에 대해, 특정 조건으로 충/방전 사이클을 2회 진행한 후, 각 전지 내에 발생한 가스 발생량을 측정하여 기록한 것이다.
실시예 1 및 2, 그리고 비교예 1 내지 3에 대해, 전지의 전기화학적 특성을 평가하여 기록한 것이다.
전압 | 4.55 V | ||||
샘플 | 실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 비교예 1 | 비교예 2 | 비교예 3 |
Co 용출량(ppm/g) | 2355 | 2555 | 3509 | 3043 | 2875 |
가스 발생량(㎕/g) | 4358 | 5020 | 7512 | 6110 | 6672 |
Claims (14)
- 리튬 코발트계 산화물을 포함하는 코어 입자, 니켈 코발트 망간계 수산화물 입자, 및 리튬 원료 물질을 건식 혼합하는 단계; 및
상기 건식 혼합물을 소성하여, 상기 리튬 코발트 산화물을 포함하는 코어 입자 표면에 리튬 니켈 코발트 망간계 산화물을 포함하는 코팅층을 형성하는 단계;를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법으로서,
상기 코어 입자의 D50 입경은 12 내지 25 ㎛이며,
상기 양극 활물질은 전해액 내에서 50 내지 80℃ 범위의 온도 하에 1주(week) 동안 저장 후, 4.4 V 내지 4.5 V 의 전압에서 방전 시, 상기 양극 활물질 1g 당 Co용출량이 100 내지 2700 ppm/g 인 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 혼합하는 단계;에서,
상기 리튬 코발트 산화물을 포함하는 코어 입자 및 상기 니켈 코발트 망간계 수산화물 입자의 혼합물 총량에 대해, 상기 니켈 코발트 망간계 수산화물 입자가 500 내지 50000 ppm으로 포함되는 것인,
리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 니켈 코발트 망간계 수산화물 총량 100 몰% 중, 니켈 함량이 30 내지 50 몰%인 것인,
리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층을 형성하는 단계;에서,
상기 소성 온도는 800 내지 1200 ℃인 것인,
리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층을 형성하는 단계;에서,
상기 소성 시간은 2 내지 10 시간인 것인,
리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 혼합하는 단계; 이전에,
상기 코어 입자를 제조하는 단계;를 더 포함하는,
리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 코발트 산화물을 포함하는 코어 입자는,
리튬 원료 물질 및 코발트 원료 물질이 0.95:1 내지 1.05:1의 몰비로 혼합된 제1 혼합물을 열처리하여, 리튬 코발트 산화물 결정 구조가 층상(layered) 구조인 입자를 형성하는 단계; 및
리튬 원료 물질 및 코발트 원료 물질이 0.65:1 내지 0.85:1의 몰비로 혼합된 제2 혼합물을 상기 리튬 코발트 산화물 결정 구조가 층상(layered) 구조인 입자와 혼합하여 열처리하는 단계;를 포함하는 방법으로 제조되는 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,
상기 코어 입자는,
리튬 코발트 산화물 결정 구조가 층상(layered) 구조인 제1 영역; 및
상기 제 1영역과의 경계면으로부터, 상기 코어 입자의 표면에 이르기까지, 리튬 코발트계 산화물의 결정 구조가 스피넬(spinel) 구조이거나, 스피넬(spinel) 구조 및 층상(layered) 구조가 혼재된 제2 영역;을 포함하는 것인,
리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,
상기 제1 영역은, 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 것인,
리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법:
[화학식 1]
Lia1Co(1-x1-y1-z1)M1x1M2y1M3z1O2
상기 화학식 1에서,
M1, M2, 및 M3는 각각 독립적으로, Ti, Mg, Al, Zr, Ba, Ca, Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, Nb, 및 Mo 를 포함하는 군에서 선택되는 1종이고,
a1, x1, y1, 및 z1은 각각, 0.95≤a2≤1.05, 0≤x2≤0.02, 0≤y2≤0.02, 및 0≤z2≤0.02를 만족하는 값이다.
- 제9항에 있어서,
상기 제2 영역은, 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 것인,
리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법:
[화학식 2]
Lia1-m1Co(1-x1-y1-z1)M1x1M2y1M3z1O2
상기 화학식 2에서,
M1, M2, 및 M3는 각각 독립적으로, Ti, Mg, Al, Zr, Ba, Ca, Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, Nb, 및 Mo 를 포함하는 군에서 선택되는 1종이고,
a1, x1, y1, z1, 및 m1은 각각, 0.95≤a1≤1.05, 0≤x1≤0.02, 0≤y1≤0.02, 0≤z1≤0.02, 및 0 <m1<0.25를 만족하는 값이다.
- 삭제
- 삭제
- 제1항의 방법으로 제조된 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극;
비수성 유기 용매 및 리튬염을 포함하는 전해액; 및
음극;을 포함하는,
리튬 이차 전지.
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KR100624970B1 (ko) * | 2005-01-28 | 2006-09-19 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조 방법 및 리튬이차 전지 |
KR101777466B1 (ko) * | 2014-10-02 | 2017-09-11 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
EP3326226B1 (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2020-02-12 | Umicore | Cathode material for rechargeable solid state lithium ion battery |
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