KR102650149B1 - 금속 함유 층을 제조하는 공정 - Google Patents
금속 함유 층을 제조하는 공정 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102650149B1 KR102650149B1 KR1020187016411A KR20187016411A KR102650149B1 KR 102650149 B1 KR102650149 B1 KR 102650149B1 KR 1020187016411 A KR1020187016411 A KR 1020187016411A KR 20187016411 A KR20187016411 A KR 20187016411A KR 102650149 B1 KR102650149 B1 KR 102650149B1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 252
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 249
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 44
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 75
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- SEZSRPYCOMAEDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diphenylphosphoryl-1-(2-diphenylphosphorylnaphthalen-1-yl)naphthalene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C(=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1P(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SEZSRPYCOMAEDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KTSGGWMVDAECFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,7,9-tetraphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C=CC=2C3=NC(=CC=2C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C3=N1 KTSGGWMVDAECFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(dicyanomethylidene)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]propanedinitrile Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(=C(C#N)C#N)C(F)=C(F)C1=C(C#N)C#N IXHWGNYCZPISET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UICMBMCOVLMLIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl]phenyl]-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2N=C(N=C(N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 UICMBMCOVLMLIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical group C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQRCTQVBZYBPQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 189363-47-1 Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=C2C3(C4=CC(=CC=C4C2=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC(=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=C13)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MQRCTQVBZYBPQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GYUPAYHPAZQUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyl-9-[3-(9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenyl]-1,10-phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=2C3=NC(=CC=2)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2N=C4C5=NC(=CC=C5C=CC4=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C3=N1 GYUPAYHPAZQUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LZJCVNLYDXCIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(5,6-dihydro-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiin-2-ylidene)-5,6-dihydro-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiine Chemical compound S1C(SCCS2)=C2SC1=C(S1)SC2=C1SCCS2 LZJCVNLYDXCIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SQCXYLOBUMNYOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-naphthalen-1-yl-2,7,9-triphenylpyrido[3,2-h]quinazoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(C=CC=2C3=NC(=NC=2C=2C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C3=N1 SQCXYLOBUMNYOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran thf Chemical compound C1CCOC1.C1CCOC1 WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/12—Organic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C24/00—Alloys based on an alkali or an alkaline earth metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
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- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/16—Electron transporting layers
- H10K50/165—Electron transporting layers comprising dopants
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
- H10K50/171—Electron injection layers
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- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/16—Deposition of organic active material using physical vapour deposition [PVD], e.g. vacuum deposition or sputtering
- H10K71/164—Deposition of organic active material using physical vapour deposition [PVD], e.g. vacuum deposition or sputtering using vacuum deposition
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/622—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing four rings, e.g. pyrene
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- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/626—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene
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- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- H10K85/636—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising heteroaromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 본 발명이 도입될 수 있는 디바이스의 개략적 예시를 도시한 것이다.
도 2는 본 발명이 도입될 수 있는 디바이스의 개략적 예시를 도시한 것이다.
원자% 원자 퍼센트
CGL 전하 발생층
CIE 국제조명위원회
CV 순환 전압전류법
DCM 디클로로메탄
DSC 시차주사열량분석법
EIL 전자 주입층
EQE 전계발광의 외부 양자 효율
ETL 전자 수송층
ETM 전자 수송 매트릭스
EtOAc 에틸 아세테이트
Fc+/Fc 페로세늄/페로센 기준 시스템
h 시간
HIL 정공 주입층
HOMO 최고준위 점유 분자 오비탈
HTL 정공 수송층
HTM 정공 수송 매트릭스
ITO 인듐 주석 옥사이드
ICP-OES 유도 결합된 플라즈마를 구비한 발광 분광법
LUMO 최저준위 비점유 분자 오비탈
LEL 발광층
LiQ 리튬 8-하이드록시퀴놀리놀레이트
MeOH 메탄올
mol% 몰%
OLED 유기 발광 다이오드
QA 품질 보증
RT 실온
THF 테트라하이드로푸란
UV 자외선(광)
vol% 부피%
v/v 부피/부피(비율)
VTE 진공 열증발
wt% 중량(질량)%
Claims (20)
- 금속 함유 층을 제조하는 방법으로서,
(i) 10-2 Pa 미만의 압력에서, 100℃ 내지 600℃의 온도까지 가열된 제1 증발 소스에서 제공된 금속 합금으로부터 a) Na, K, Rb 및 Cs로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 제1 금속, 및 b) Zn, Hg, Cd 및 Te로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 제2 금속을 동시-증발시키는 적어도 하나의 단계, 및
(ii) 제1 증발 소스의 온도 미만인 온도를 갖는 표면 상에 제1 금속을 증착시키는 적어도 하나의 후속 단계를 포함하며,
단계 (i)에서, 합금이 적어도 일부, 제1 금속 및 제2 금속을 포함하는 균질한 상의 형태로 제공되는 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 단계 (i)이 10-2 Pa 미만의 압력에서, 제2 증발 소스에 제공된 공유 매트릭스 물질로부터의 적어도 하나의 공유 매트릭스 화합물을 동시-증발시키는 것을 추가로 포함하며, 제2 증발 소스가 100℃ 내지 600℃의 온도까지 가열되며;
단계 (ii)에서, 적어도 하나의 공유 매트릭스 화합물이 제1 증발 소스의 온도 미만 및 제2 증발 소스의 온도 미만인 온도를 갖는 표면 상에 공-증착(co-deposition)되는 방법. - 제2항에 있어서, 단계 (ii)에서, 제2 금속이 상기 표면 상에 제1 금속과 공-증착되고, 존재하는 경우에, 공유 매트릭스 화합물과 공-증착되는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 증발 소스의 온도가 금속 합금의 융점보다 더 낮은 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 금속 합금이 임의의 제1 금속 및/또는 제2 금속보다 더 높은 융점을 갖는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 금속의 총량이 합금에서 제1 금속 및 제2 금속의 총량에 대해 95 중량% 미만인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 합금에서 제1 금속 및 제2 금속의 총량에 대하여, 제1 금속의 총량이 적어도 0.01 중량%인 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 제1 금속이 소듐이고/거나 제2 금속이 아연인 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 공유 매트릭스 화합물이 유기 매트릭스 화합물인 방법.
- 제1 전극과 제2 전극 사이에 샌드위칭된 적어도 2개의 별개의 층, 및 임의적으로, 전극들 사이의 공간 외측에 배열된 디바이스의 다른 부품을 포함하는 전자 디바이스를 제조하는 방법으로서,
별개의 층들 중 적어도 하나는
(a) Na, K, Rb 및 Cs로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 제1 금속, 및 임의적으로,
(ba) Zn, Hg, Cd 및 Te로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 제2 금속, 및/또는
(bb) 적어도 하나의 공유 매트릭스 화합물를 포함하며,
방법이
(i) 제1 전극, 및 디바이스에 존재하는 경우에, 제1 전극과 제1 금속을 포함하는 층 사이에 배열된 층들을 후속하여 제공하는 단계,
(ii) 제2항에 따른 방법에 의해 제1 금속을 함유한 층을 제공하는 단계, 및
(iii) 디바이스에 존재하는 경우에, 제1 금속을 포함하는 층과 제2 전극 사이의 잔류하는 층들, 제2 전극, 및 존재하는 경우에, 전극들 사이의 공간 외측에 배열된 디바이스의 임의의 다른 부품을 제공하는 단계를 포함하는 방법. - 제1 전극과 제2 전극 사이에 샌드위칭된 적어도 2개의 별개의 층, 및 임의적으로, 전극들 사이의 공간 외측에 배열된 디바이스의 다른 부품을 포함하는 전자 디바이스로서, 별개의 층들 중 적어도 하나는
(a) Na, K, Rb 및 Cs로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 제1 금속,
(b) Zn, Hg, Cd 및 Te로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 제2 금속, 및 임의적으로,
(c) 적어도 하나의 공유 매트릭스 화합물을 포함하고,
(i) 제1 전극 및 디바이스에 존재하는 경우에 제1 전극과 제1 금속을 포함하는 층 사이에 배열된 층들을 후속하여 제공하는 단계,
(ii) 제3항에 따른 방법에 의해 제1 금속, 제2 금속, 및 상기 공유 매트릭스 화합물을 함유한 층을 제공하는 단계, 및
(iii) 디바이스에 존재하는 경우에, 제1 금속을 포함하는 층과 제2 전극 사이의 잔류하는 층들, 및 존재하는 경우에, 전극들 사이의 공간 외측에 배열된 디바이스의 다른 부품을 제공하는 단계를 포함하는 방법에 의해 수득 가능한, 전자 디바이스. - Na, K, Rb 및 Cs로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 제1 금속, Zn, Cd, Hg 및 Te로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 제2 금속, 및 임의적으로, 적어도 하나의 공유 매트릭스 화합물을 함유한 금속 함유 층으로서,
층에는 (i) 층에 포함된 제1 금속, (ii) 층에 포함된 제2 금속, 및 (iii) 층에 포함된 공유 매트릭스 화합물로부터 선택된 가장 휘발성 성분보다 더욱 휘발성인 성분이 존재하지 않으며,
층이 제3항에 따른 방법에 의해 얻어진 금속 함유 층. - 제12항에 있어서, 층의 전체 중량에 대해, 층에서 제1 금속의 총량이 적어도 0.01 중량%인 금속 함유 층.
- 제12항에 있어서, 층이 금속성이며, 층에서 제2 금속의 함량이 적어도 80 중량%인 금속 함유 층.
- 제1항 내지 제9항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 금속 함유 층의 제조를 위한 및/또는 상기 층을 포함하는 전자 디바이스의 제조를 위한 금속 합금으로서,
상기 금속 합금은 Na, K, Rb 및 Cs로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 제1 금속 및 Zn, Cd, Hg 및 Te로부터 선택된 적어도 하나의 제2 금속을 포함하는 적어도 하나의 균질한 상을 포함하고,
상기 금속 합금은
(i) 상기 층에 포함된 제1 금속, 및 (ii) 상기 층에 포함된 제2 금속으로부터 선택된 가장 휘발성인 성분보다 더욱 휘발성인 성분이 존재하지 않은 층을 형성하는데 사용되는 것인, 금속 합금. - 삭제
- 삭제
- 삭제
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JP2019501537A (ja) | 2019-01-17 |
WO2017081159A1 (en) | 2017-05-18 |
US10886491B2 (en) | 2021-01-05 |
CN108431289A (zh) | 2018-08-21 |
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