KR102548398B1 - 리튬 전지 재활용 방법 - Google Patents
리튬 전지 재활용 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102548398B1 KR102548398B1 KR1020207024394A KR20207024394A KR102548398B1 KR 102548398 B1 KR102548398 B1 KR 102548398B1 KR 1020207024394 A KR1020207024394 A KR 1020207024394A KR 20207024394 A KR20207024394 A KR 20207024394A KR 102548398 B1 KR102548398 B1 KR 102548398B1
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- lithium battery
- fluid
- lithium
- sulfuric acid
- immersion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 163
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 metal ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- YOCZZJWFWDUAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl-sulfanylidene-bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CP(S)(=S)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C YOCZZJWFWDUAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- QUXFOKCUIZCKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CP(O)(=O)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C QUXFOKCUIZCKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005323 carbonate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940093474 manganese carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2] IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005677 organic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000007704 wet chemistry method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/06—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
- C22B3/08—Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
- C22B1/06—Sulfating roasting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/205—Preparation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
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- C22B47/00—Obtaining manganese
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 방법의 흐름도이며,
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 재활용 장치의 개략도이며,
도 3은 코발트, 니켈 및 망간을 함유하지 않는 분쇄된 물질을 공정하기 위한 본 발명에 따른 방법의 흐름도이며,
도 4는 코발트 및 니켈을 함유하지 않으나 망간을 함유하는 분쇄된 물질을 공정하기 위한 방법의 흐름도이며,
도 5는 망간 및 니켈을 함유하지 않으나 코발트를 함유하는 분쇄된 물질을 위한 본 발명에 따른 방법의 흐름도이며,
도 6은 망간을 함유하지 않으나 코발트 및 니켈을 함유하는 분쇄된 물질의 공정을 위한 흐름도이며,
도 7은 본 발명에 따른 재활용 장치의 분쇄 유닛의 개략도이다.
12 황산
14 폐가스
15 불소 검출기
16 침지 물질
18 물
20 흑연
22 흑연 분리 소자
24 미가공 유체
26 탈-구리 미가공 유체
28 순수 유체
30 용액
32 망간 함유 표적 유체
34 표적 유체
36 재활용 장치
38 전극 물질
40 반응기
42 믹서
43 황산 공급 소자
44 배출 소자
46 침출 소자
48 흑연 회수 소자
50 구리 추출기
52 컨테이너
54 침전 물질 분리기
56 Fe/Al/Ti 침전 물질 분리기
58 산화제
60 컨테이너
62 입자 분리기
64 용매 추출 소자
66 Co/Ni 용매 추출 소자
68 반응 컨테이너
70 Mn 용매 추출 소자
72 침전 반응기
74 농축기
110 리튬 전지
114 해체 스테이션
116 셀
118 분쇄 유닛
119 액체 질소원
120 실드 가스
124 조각난 물질
126 건조 소자
128 에어로크
129 진공 장치
130 진공 펌프
131 가스
132 가스 정제 소자
134 응축기
136 활성숯 필터
138 응축 컨테이너
140 제어 밸브
141 교반기
146 수송 컨테이너
148 플러싱 라인
150 가압된 가스 실린더
cF 붊소 농도
TA 침지 온도
M 물질 흐름의 방향
Claims (14)
- 리튬 전지를 재활용하는 방법으로서,
(a) 폐가스(14) 및 침지(digestion) 물질(16)이 생산되도록, 리튬 전지의 전극의 분쇄된 성분을 함유하는 분쇄된 물질(10)을 적어도 100℃의 침지 온도(TA)에서 적어도 95 중량%의 농도를 갖는 농축된 황산(12)을 사용하여 침지시키는 단계,
(b) 상기 폐가스(14)를 배출시키는 단계, 및
(c) 상기 침지 물질(16)의 적어도 하나의 금속 성분을 습식 화학 추출하는 단계를 포함하는, 리튬 전지 재활용 방법. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 침지 단계는 불화 수소의 형태로 상기 분쇄된 물질에서 불소 성분을 상기 폐가스 내로 통과시키는 방식으로 수행되는, 리튬 전지 재활용 방법. - 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서,
상기 침지 단계는 침지 물질(16) 내의 수용성 불소의 농도(cF)가 100mg/kg 미만이 될 때까지 수행되는, 리튬 전지 재활용 방법. - 삭제
- 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서,
상기 폐가스(14)로부터 불화 수소를 분리하는 단계를 특징으로 하는, 리튬 전지 재활용 방법. - 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서,
(a) 상기 침지 물질(16)을 침출시키는 단계, 및
(b) 흑연(20)을 분리시켜 미가공 유체(raw fluid)(24)을 생산하는 단계를 특징으로 하는 리튬 전지 재활용 방법. - 청구항 6에 있어서,
탈-구리(de-copperised) 미가공 유체(26)가 얻어지도록 상기 미가공 유체(24)로부터 구리를 분리하는 단계를 특징으로 하는 리튬 전지 재활용 방법. - 청구항 7에 있어서,
(a) 탈-구리 미가공 유체(26)에서 Fe2+ 이온을 Fe3+ 이온으로 산화시키는 단계, 및
(b) 순수 유체(28)가 얻어지도록, 철, 알루미늄, 또는 티타늄을 침전시키는 단계를 특징으로 하는 리튬 전지 재활용 방법. - 청구항 8에 있어서,
표적 유체(34)를 얻도록,
(a) 코발트를 용매 추출하는 단계,
(b) 니켈을 용매 추출하는 단계, 또는
(c) 망간을 제거하는 단계를 특징으로 하는 리튬 전지 재활용 방법. - 청구항 9에 있어서,
(a) 상기 순수 유체(28)가 코발트, 니켈 또는 망간을 함유하는 경우 표적 유체(34)로부터 리튬을 침전시키는 단계, 및
(b) 상기 순수 유체(28)가 코발트, 니켈 또는 망간도 함유하지 않는 경우, 순수 유체(28)로부터 리튬을 침전시키는 단계를 특징으로 하는 리튬 전지 재활용 방법. - 청구항 1 또는 2에 있어서,
(a) 미가공(raw) 분쇄된 물질이 얻어지도록 상기 전지를 분쇄하는 단계, 및
(b) 물질이 더 이상 상당한 정도로 전기화학적으로 반응하지 않도록 하여, 분쇄된 물질이 얻어지도록 미가공 분쇄된 물질을 건조하는 단계를 특징으로 하는 리튬 전지 재활용 방법. - 리튬 전지 공정용 재활용 장치(36)로서,
(a) 조각난(shredded) 물질(124)이 얻어지도록 리튬 전지(110)를 분쇄하기 위한 분쇄 유닛(118),
(b) 조각난 물질(124)이 더 이상 상당한 정도로 전기화학적으로 반응하지 않도록 하여, 분쇄된 물질(10)이 얻어지도록 건조를 통해 전지(110)를 불활성화시키기 위한 불활성화 유닛(126),
(c) 적어도 50℃의 침지 온도(TA)에서 농축된 황산(12)으로, 리튬 전지의 전극의 성분을 함유하는, 분쇄된 물질(10)을 침지하기 위한, 반응기(40),
(d) 상기 분쇄된 물질(10)에 황산(12)을 첨가하기 위한 황산 공급 소자(43) 및
(e) 상기 반응기(40) 밖으로 폐가스(14)를 배출시키기 위해 배열된 배출 소자(44)를 갖는 리튬 전지 공정용 재활용 장치. - 청구항 12에 있어서,
(a) 흑연 분리 소자(22), 및
(b) 흑연으로부터 고착된 침출 용액을 세척하기 위한 세척 소자를 포함하며,
(c) 물질 흐름의 방향으로 반응기(40) 뒤에 배열된,
흑연 회수 소자(48)를 특징으로 하는 리튬 전지 공정용 재활용 장치. - 청구항 13에 있어서,
(a) 침전된 Cu 또는 Cu 화합물을 분리하기 위한 침전 물질 분리기(54),
(b) 침전된 철, 알루미늄, 또는 티타늄 화합물을 분리하기 위한 Fe/Al/Ti 침전 물질 분리기(56), 또는
(c) 물질 흐름 방향으로 흑연 분리 소자(22) 뒤에 배열되며, 이하를 위한 용매 추출 소자 (64):
(i) 코발트를 용매 추출하는 단계, 또는
(ii) 니켈을 용매 추출하는 단계, 또는
(iii) 망간을 제거하는 단계를 특징으로 하는 리튬 전지 공정용 재활용 장치.
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