KR102447786B1 - 비수 전해질 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 입자 분말과 그 제조 방법, 및 비수 전해질 이차 전지 - Google Patents
비수 전해질 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 입자 분말과 그 제조 방법, 및 비수 전해질 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 53
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002822 niobium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 63
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 12
- LQKOJSSIKZIEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mn+2].[Mn+2].[Mn+2].[Mn+2] LQKOJSSIKZIEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003991 Rietveld refinement Methods 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]O[Mn]=O GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1242—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof of the type (Mn2O4)-, e.g. LiMn2O4 or Li(MxMn2-x)O4
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Abstract
Description
도 2(a)는, 실시예 1에 따른 응집 이차 입자의 외관의 일부를 확대한 SEM 화상이며, (b)는, 그 일차 입자의 구조를 모식적으로 나타내는 도면이며, (c)는, 실시예 5에 따른 응집 이차 입자의 외관의 일부를 확대한 SEM 화상이며, (d)는, 그 일차 입자의 구조를 모식적으로 나타내는 도면이다.
도 3(a)는, 비교예 1에 따른 응집 이차 입자의 외관의 일부를 확대한 SEM 화상이며, (b)는, 그 일차 입자의 구조를 모식적으로 나타내는 도면이다.
도 4는 비교예 2에 따른 응집 이차 입자의 외관을 나타내는 SEM 화상이다.
도 5는 실시예 1에 따른 응집 이차 입자에 있어서의 X선 회절(XRD)도이다.
도 6은 실시형태에 따른 응집 이차 입자의 제조 방법을 모식적으로 나타내는 도면이다.
도 7은 실시형태에 따른 비수 전해질 이차 전지(100)의 구성을 나타내는 모식 단면도이다.
도 8(a)는, 실시예 1 및 비교예 1의 각각에 따른 비수 전해질 이차 전지의 고온 보존 특성을 나타내는 특성도이며, (b)는, 고온 사이클 특성을 나타내는 특성 도이다.
도 9(a)는, (100)면과 (111)면을 갖는 LMO 결정을 나타내는 SEM 화상이며, (b)는, 그 부식(에칭) 시험 후의 SEM 화상이다.
2:음극 요소
3:세퍼레이터
4:양극 케이스
5:음극 케이스
6:개스킷
10:양극 활물질 입자 분말
100:리튬 이온 이차 전지
Claims (8)
- Li 및 Mn을 함유한, Fd-3m의 공간군인 입방정(立方晶) 스피넬 구조인 망간산리튬 입자 분말로서,
일차 입자가 응집된 상태로 구성된 응집 이차 입자로 이루어지고, 상기 응집 상태의 이차 입자의 평균 입자 직경(D50)이 4μm 이상 20μm 이하의 범위이며, 상기 이차 입자의 표면에 노출되는 상기 일차 입자의 개수의 80% 이상에 있어서, 상기 일차 입자가 (111)면이 적어도 1개 이상의 (100)면과 이웃하는 다면체 형상을 이루고 있으며,
XRD 회절에 있어서, Li 및 Mn을 함유한 입방정 스피넬상과, Nb 또는 Mo와 Li의 화합물의 상이 존재하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비수 전해질 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 입자 분말. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
Mn(16d) 사이트를 치환할 수 있는, Mn 이외의 적어도 1종 이상의 금속 원소로 치환한 경우에, 그 치환 금속 원소 중의 Li 이외의 금속 원소를 Me로 할 때, [Li/(Mn+Me)]비가 0.5 이상 0.65 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 비수 전해질 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 입자 분말. - 삭제
- 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 기재된 비수 전해질 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 입자 분말을 이용한 양극 요소를 구비하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비수 전해질 이차 전지.
- 청구항 1에 기재된 비수 전해질 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 입자 분말의 제조 방법으로서,
사삼산화망간과, 리튬 화합물과, 니오브 화합물 또는 몰리브덴 화합물을 혼합하여 혼합물을 형성하고,
니오브 화합물 또는 몰리브덴 화합물의 첨가량은, Mn에 대하여 금속 원소 환산으로 0.1 mol% 이상 1.2 mol% 이하이며,
상기 혼합물을, 산화성 분위기하에서 700℃ 이상 950℃ 이하의 범위에서 소성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비수 전해질 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 입자 분말의 제조 방법. - 청구항 5에 있어서,
상기 사삼산화망간으로서, 결정자 사이즈가 50nm 이상 150nm 이하인 일차 입자가 응집되어 구성된 평균 이차 입자 직경(D50)이 3μm 이상 20μm 이하인 응집 형상을 갖는 사삼산화망간을 이용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비수 전해질 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 입자 분말의 제조 방법. - 삭제
- 삭제
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