KR102272270B1 - 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR102272270B1 KR102272270B1 KR1020160093506A KR20160093506A KR102272270B1 KR 102272270 B1 KR102272270 B1 KR 102272270B1 KR 1020160093506 A KR1020160093506 A KR 1020160093506A KR 20160093506 A KR20160093506 A KR 20160093506A KR 102272270 B1 KR102272270 B1 KR 102272270B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- formula
- electrolyte
- carbonate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 alkane sultone Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021475 bohrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical group COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013302 LiMS Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HUAZGNHGCJGYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCC HUAZGNHGCJGYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MCSINKKTEDDPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl propionate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CC MCSINKKTEDDPNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 34
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1F GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LFMWZTSOMGDDJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diiodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=C(I)C=C1 LFMWZTSOMGDDJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGPNJZYOHABTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,6-trichloro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(Cl)C=CC=C(Cl)C1Cl WGPNJZYOHABTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLXVPOUBXXSTNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,6-trifluoro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(F)C=CC=C(F)C1F HLXVPOUBXXSTNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCIXPTYBPVDLSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,6-triiodo-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(I)C=CC=C(I)C1I BCIXPTYBPVDLSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 실시예 1, 비교예 1 및 비교예 4에서 제조한 리튬 이차 전지에 대한 방전 용량의 변화를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 3은 실시예 1, 비교예 1 및 비교예 4에서 제조한 리튬 이차 전지에 대한 잔존 용량의 변화를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 4는 실시예 1, 비교예 1 및 비교예 4에서 제조한 리튬 이차 전지의 두께 변화를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 5는 실시예 1, 비교예 1 및 비교예 4에서 제조한 리튬 이차 전지의 내부 저항 변화를 나타낸 그래프이다.
5: 양극, 6: 음극,
7: 세퍼레이터, 8: 전지 케이스,
11: 캡 플레이트
Claims (18)
- 제3항에 있어서,
상기 카보네이트계 용매는 디메틸카보네이트(DMC), 디에틸카보네이트(DEC), 디프로필카보네이트(DPC), 메틸프로필카보네이트(MPC), 에틸프로필카보네이트(EPC), 메틸에틸카보네이트(MEC), 에틸메틸카보네이트(EMC), 에틸렌카보네이트(EC), 프로필렌카보네이트(PC), 부틸렌카보네이트(BC) 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질.
- 제3항에 있어서,
상기 화학식 3으로 표시되는 선형 에스테르계 용매는 메틸아세테이트, 에틸아세테이트, n-프로필아세테이트, 메틸프로피오네이트, 에틸프로피오네이트, n-프로필프로피오네이트, 메틸부타노에이트, 에틸부타노에이트, n-프로필부타노에이트 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질.
- 제3항에 있어서,
상기 비수성 유기 용매는 상기 비수성 유기 용매 총량에 대하여, 상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 분지형 에스테르계 용매를 10 내지 40 중량%로 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질.
- 제3항에 있어서,
상기 비수성 유기 용매는 상기 카보네이트계 용매와 상기 화학식 3으로 표시되는 선형 에스테르계 용매를 포함하고, 상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 분지형 에스테르계 용매 100 중량부에 대하여, 상기 카보네이트계 용매를 100 내지 400 중량부, 상기 화학식 3으로 표시되는 선형 에스테르계 용매를 50 내지 150 중량부로 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질은 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 첨가제를 더 포함하고,
상기 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 첨가제는 하기 화학식 5로 표시되는 에틸렌카보네이트계 화합물, 알칸술톤, 비닐렌카보네이트 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질:
[화학식 5]
상기 화학식 5에서,
R7 및 R8은 동일하거나 서로 상이하며 각각 독립적으로 수소, 할로겐, 시아노기(CN), 니트로기(NO2), 비닐기(vinyl) 및 불소화된 C1 내지 C5의 선형 또는 분지형 알킬기로 이루어진 군에서 선택되며, 단 R7과 R8이 모두 수소는 아니다.
- 제8항에 있어서,
상기 알칸술톤은 1,3-프로판술톤, 부탄술톤, 1,3-(1-프로펜술톤) 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질.
- 제8항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질은 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 총 중량에 대하여, 상기 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 첨가제를 6 내지 13 중량%로 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질.
- 제8항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질은 상기 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 첨가제로 플루오로에틸렌카보네이트(FEC), 1,3-프로판술톤(1,3-PS) 및 비닐에틸렌카보네이트(VEC)를 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질.
- 제11항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질 첨가제는 상기 비닐에틸렌카보네이트(VEC) 100중량부에 대하여, 상기 플루오로에틸렌카보네이트(FEC)를 1,000 내지 2,000 중량부, 상기 1,3-프로판술톤을 100 내지 500 중량부로 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질.
- 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극;
음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극; 및
상기 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 리튬 이차 전지용 전해질
을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제13항에 있어서,
상기 양극 활물질은 하기 화학식들로 표시되는 화합물 중에서 선택되는 것인 리튬 이차 전지:
LiaA1 - bDbE2(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.5이다); LiaG1 - bDbO2 -cEc(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.5, 0 ≤ c ≤ 0.05이다); LiG2 -bDbO4-cEc(상기 식에서, 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.5, 0 ≤ c ≤ 0.05이다); LiaNi1 -b- cCobDcEα(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤1.8, 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.5, 0 ≤ c ≤ 0.05, 0 < α ≤ 2이다); LiaNi1-b-cCobDcO2-αJα(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.5, 0 ≤ c ≤ 0.05, 0 < α < 2이다); LiaNi1 -b- cCobDcO2 - αJ2(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.5, 0 ≤ c ≤ 0.05, 0 < α < 2이다); LiaNi1 -b- cMnbDcEα(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.5, 0 ≤ c ≤ 0.05, 0 < α ≤ 2이다); LiaNi1 -b- cMnbDcO2 - αJα(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.5, 0 ≤ c ≤ 0.05, 0 < α < 2이다); LiaNi1 -b- cMnbDcO2 - αJ2(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.5, 0 ≤ c ≤ 0.05, 0 < α < 2이다); LiaNibGcLdO2(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.9, 0 ≤ c ≤ 0.5, 0.001 ≤ d ≤ 0.2이다); LiaNibGcO2(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.9, 0 ≤ c ≤ 0.5이다); LiaNibCocMndLeO2(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.9, 0 ≤ c ≤ 0.5, 0 ≤ d ≤0.5, 0.001 ≤ e ≤ 0.2이다); LiaNibCocMndO2(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.9, 0 ≤ c ≤ 0.5, 0 ≤ d ≤0.5이다); LiaNiLbO2(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0.001 ≤ b ≤ 0.2이다); LiaCoLbO2(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0.001 ≤ b ≤ 0.2이다); LiaMnLbO2(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0.001 ≤ b ≤ 0.2이다); LiaMn2LbO4(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8, 0.001 ≤ b ≤ 0.2이다); LiaMn2O4(상기 식에서, 0.90 ≤ a ≤ 1.8이다); MO2; MS2; LiMS2; V2O5; LiV2O5; LiQO2; LiNiVO4; Li(3-f)T2(PO4)3(상기 식에서, 0 ≤ f ≤ 2이다); Li(3-f)Fe2(PO4)3(상기 식에서, 0 ≤ f ≤ 2이다); LiFePO4
상기 화학식들에 있어서, A는 Ni, Co, Mn 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것이고, D는 Al, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V, 희토류 원소 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것이고, E는 O, F, S, P 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것이고, G는 Co, Mn 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것이고, J는 F, S, P 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것이고, L는 Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, V, Nb, Ta, Db, Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Tc, Re, Bh, Fe, Ru, Os, Hs, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, P, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, Te, Po, Mn, La, Ce 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 전이 금속 또는 란탄족 원소이고, M는 Ti, Mo, Mn 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것이고, Q는 Cr, V, Fe, Sc, Ti, Y 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것이고, T는 V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것이다.
- 제14항에 있어서,
상기 양극 활물질은 LiCoO2인 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제13항에 있어서,
상기 음극 활물질은 흑연인 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제13항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 이차 전지는 충전 전압이 4.3V 이상인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 제17항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 이차 전지는 충전 전압이 4.4V 내지 4.5 V인 리튬 이차 전지.
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