KR102227684B1 - 부극 활물질, 부극 활물질의 제조 방법, 및 리튬 이온 이차 전지 - Google Patents
부극 활물질, 부극 활물질의 제조 방법, 및 리튬 이온 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102227684B1 KR102227684B1 KR1020167010921A KR20167010921A KR102227684B1 KR 102227684 B1 KR102227684 B1 KR 102227684B1 KR 1020167010921 A KR1020167010921 A KR 1020167010921A KR 20167010921 A KR20167010921 A KR 20167010921A KR 102227684 B1 KR102227684 B1 KR 102227684B1
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- lithium
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 부극 활물질의 단면 구조를 나타내는 TEM 사진이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 리튬 이차 전지의 구성예(라미네이트 필름형)를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 4는 본 발명의 부극 활물질을 제조할 때에 사용되는 벌크 내 개질 장치이다.
도 5는 X선 광전자 분광법에 의해 얻어지는 O1s 파형을 도시하는 도면이다.
Claims (20)
- 리튬 이차 전지의 부극 활물질층용의 부극 활물질로서,
상기 부극 활물질은 규소계 재료(SiOx: 0.5≤x≤1.6)를 함유하고, X선 광전자 분광법으로부터 얻어지는 O1s 파형에 있어서 결합 에너지가 520eV 이상, 537eV 이하의 범위에 적어도 2개 이상의 피크를 갖는 것이고,
상기 적어도 2개 이상의 피크 중 2개는 Li4SiO4, Li2SiO3, Li2Si205, Li2Si203로부터 선택되는 2종에 기인하는 피크인 것을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 적어도 2개 이상의 피크 중 상기 2개를 제외한 나머지 피크는, SiO2, Li20, Li2CO3로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종 이상에 기인하는 피크인 것을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 부극 활물질은 리튬 이차 전지에 사용한 경우에, 0V 정전류 정전압 충전/1.5V 정전류 방전을 50회 반복하는 동안의 적어도 1점에 있어서의 0V 정전류 정전압 충전(70시간으로 충전 종지) 상태에 있어서, 7Li MAS NMR 스펙트럼으로부터 얻어지는 케미컬 시프트 피크 15 내지 50ppm의 범위에 피크를 갖고,
상기 0V 정전류 정전압 충전이란, 0V까지 정전류(전류 밀도: 0.2mA/cm2) 모드로 충전하고, 0V로부터 정전압 모드가 되고, 전류 밀도가 0.05mA/cm2에서 충전 종지하는 것이고, 또한 상기 1.5V 정전류 방전이란, 상기 충전 후, 정전류(전류 밀도: 0.2mA/cm2) 모드로 방전하고, 전위가 1.5V에서 방전 종지하는 것임을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질. - 제2항에 있어서, 상기 부극 활물질은 리튬 이차 전지에 사용한 경우에, 0V 정전류 정전압 충전/1.5V 정전류 방전을 50회 반복하는 동안의 적어도 1점에 있어서의 0V 정전류 정전압 충전(70시간으로 충전 종지) 상태에 있어서, 7Li MAS NMR 스펙트럼으로부터 얻어지는 케미컬 시프트 피크 15 내지 50ppm의 범위에 피크를 갖고,
상기 0V 정전류 정전압 충전이란, 0V까지 정전류(전류 밀도: 0.2mA/cm2) 모드로 충전하고, 0V로부터 정전압 모드가 되고, 전류 밀도가 0.05mA/cm2에서 충전 종지하는 것이고, 또한 상기 1.5V 정전류 방전이란, 상기 충전 후, 정전류(전류 밀도: 0.2mA/cm2) 모드로 방전하고, 전위가 1.5V에서 방전 종지하는 것임을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 부극 활물질은 X선 광전자 분광법으로부터 얻어지는 Si2P 파형에 있어서, 90eV 이상, 105eV 이하의 범위에 존재하는 결합 에너지 피크의 피크 강도값 A와 106eV 이상의 범위에 존재하는 결합 에너지 피크의 피크 강도값 B가 0.3≤A/B≤3이라는 관계를 만족하는 것임을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 부극 활물질은 X선 광전자 분광법으로부터 얻어지는 Si2P 파형에 있어서, 90eV 이상, 105eV 이하의 범위에 존재하는 결합 에너지 피크의 피크 강도값 A와 106eV 이상의 범위에 존재하는 결합 에너지 피크의 피크 강도값 B가 0.3≤A/B≤3이라는 관계를 만족하는 것임을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질.
- 제3항에 있어서, 상기 부극 활물질은 X선 광전자 분광법으로부터 얻어지는 Si2P 파형에 있어서, 90eV 이상, 105eV 이하의 범위에 존재하는 결합 에너지 피크의 피크 강도값 A와 106eV 이상의 범위에 존재하는 결합 에너지 피크의 피크 강도값 B가 0.3≤A/B≤3이라는 관계를 만족하는 것임을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 부극 활물질은 X선 광전자 분광법으로부터 얻어지는 Si2P 파형에 있어서, 90eV 이상, 105eV 이하의 범위에 존재하는 결합 에너지 피크의 피크 강도값 A와 106eV 이상의 범위에 존재하는 결합 에너지 피크의 피크 강도값 B가 0.3≤A/B≤3이라는 관계를 만족하는 것임을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질.
- 제5항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 피크 강도값 A와 상기 피크 강도값 B가 0.5≤A/B≤2라는 관계를 만족하는 것임을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질.
- 제2항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 부극 활물질이 Li2SiO3을 포함하고, Li2SiO3에 기인하는 X선 회절에 의해 얻어지는 38.2680° 부근의 회절 피크의 반값폭(2θ)은 0.75° 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질.
- 제2항 내지 제8항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 부극 활물질이 Li4SiO4를 포함하고, Li4SiO4에 기인하는 X선 회절에 의해 얻어지는 23.9661° 부근의 회절 피크의 반값폭(2θ)은 0.2° 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 2개 이상의 피크를 형성하는 Li 화합물은 실질적으로 비정질인 것을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질.
- 제1항 내지 제8항 및 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 부극 활물질에 있어서, X선 회절에 의해 얻어지는 Si(111) 결정면에 기인하는 회절 피크의 반값폭(2θ)이 1.2° 이상임과 함께, 그 결정면에 기인하는 결정자 크기는 7.5㎚ 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질.
- 제1항 내지 제8항 및 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 부극 활물질을 제조하는 방법이며,
유기 용매로 채워진 욕조와, 상기 욕조 내에 배치되고 전원의 한쪽에 접속된 양전극(리튬원)과, 상기 욕조 내에 배치되고 상기 전원의 다른 쪽에 접속된 분말 격납 용기와, 상기 양전극과 상기 분말 격납 용기 사이에 설치된 세퍼레이터를 갖고 있는 벌크 내 개질 장치 중에서 벌크 내 개질을 행함으로써, 상기 규소계 재료를 개질하는 공정을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제14항에 있어서, 상기 개질하는 공정은 상기 규소계 재료에 Li를 삽입하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 부극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제15항에 있어서, 상기 개질하는 공정은 삽입한 Li를 상기 규소계 재료로부터 일부 이탈시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 부극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서, 상기 Li를 삽입하는 단계 및 상기 Li를 일부 이탈시키는 단계를 각각 복수회 반복하는 것을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제15항에 있어서, Li를 삽입하는 데 사용하는 Li원은 Li 메탈, 염화리튬, 탄산리튬, 산화리튬, 리튬 복합 산화물로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 부극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 제14항에 있어서, 표면이 조면화된 금속 집전체 상에 상기 규소계 재료를 기상 성장시키는 공정을 더 포함하고,
상기 개질하는 공정은 상기 금속 집전체 상에 형성된 상기 규소계 재료를 개질하는 공정인 것을 특징으로 하는, 부극 활물질의 제조 방법. - 제1항 내지 제8항 및 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 기재된 부극 활물질을 포함하는 부극 활물질층과, 부극 집전체를 포함하는 부극 전극을 갖는 리튬 이온 이차 전지.
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