KR102175126B1 - 양극활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 상기 양극활물질을 포함하는 양극을 포함한 리튬이차전지 - Google Patents
양극활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 상기 양극활물질을 포함하는 양극을 포함한 리튬이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102175126B1 KR102175126B1 KR1020190017405A KR20190017405A KR102175126B1 KR 102175126 B1 KR102175126 B1 KR 102175126B1 KR 1020190017405 A KR1020190017405 A KR 1020190017405A KR 20190017405 A KR20190017405 A KR 20190017405A KR 102175126 B1 KR102175126 B1 KR 102175126B1
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- transition metal
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M sodium;(2r)-2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1OCCCCCC[C@]1(C(=O)[O-])CO1 RPACBEVZENYWOL-XFULWGLBSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 실시예 1, 실시예 2 및 비교예 1에서 제조된 양극활물질의 평균 입도 분포 곡선이다.
도 3은 실시예 3, 실시예 4 및 비교예 2에서 제조된 양극활물질의 SEM 사진이다.
도 4는 실시예 3, 실시예 4 및 비교예 2에서 제조된 양극활물질의 평균 입도 분포 곡선이다.
도 5a는 비교예 1에서 얻은 양극활물질의 고해상도투과전자현미경(high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM)) 사진 및 에너지분산형 x-레이 분광학(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)) 그래프이다.
도 5b 비교예 1에서 얻은 양극활물질에 대한 위치별 전이금속 함량비율을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 6a은 실시예 1에서 얻은 양극활물질의 고해상도투과전자현미경(high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM)) 사진 및 에너지분산형 x-레이 분광학(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)) 그래프이다.
도 6b 실시예 1에서 얻은 양극활물질에 대한 위치별 전이금속 함량비율을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 7a은 실시예 2에서 얻은 양극활물질의 고해상도투과전자현미경(high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM)) 사진 및 에너지분산형 x-레이 분광학(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)) 그래프이다.
도 7b 실시예 2에서 얻은 양극활물질에 대한 위치별 전이금속 함량비율을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 8a은 비교예 2에서 얻은 양극활물질의 고해상도투과전자현미경(high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM)) 사진 및 에너지분산형 x-레이 분광학(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)) 그래프이다.
도 8b 비교예 2에서 얻은 양극활물질에 대한 위치별 전이금속 함량비율을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 9a는 실시예 3에서 얻은 양극활물질의 고해상도투과전자현미경(high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM)) 사진 및 에너지분산형 x-레이 분광학(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)) 그래프이다.
도 9b 실시예 3에서 얻은 양극활물질에 대한 위치별 전이금속 함량비율을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 10a은 실시예 4에서 얻은 양극활물질의 고해상도투과전자현미경(high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM)) 사진 및 에너지분산형 x-레이 분광학(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)) 그래프이다.
도 10b 실시예 4에서 얻은 양극활물질에 대한 위치별 전이금속 함량비율을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 11은 실시예 5, 실시예 6 및 비교예 7에서 제작된 하프셀의 100 사이클에 대한 용량유지율을 보여주는 그래프이다.
도 12는 실시예 7, 실시예 8 및 비교예 8에서 제작된 하프셀의 100 사이클에 대한 용량유지율을 보여주는 그래프이다.
도 13은 실시예 7, 비교예 9, 및 비교예 10에서 제작된 하프셀의 초기 충전 및 방전 곡선이다.
도 14는 실시예 8, 비교예 11, 및 비교예 12에서 제작된 하프셀의 초기 충전 및 방전 곡선이다.
도 15는 예시적인 구현예에 따른 리튬전지의 모식도이다.
<도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명>
1: 리튬전지 2: 음극
3: 양극 4: 세퍼레이터
5: 전지케이스 6: 캡 어셈블리
Dmin(㎛) | D10(㎛) | D50(㎛) | D90(㎛) | Dmax(㎛) | |
실시예 1 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 6.6 | 10.6 | 18.2 |
실시예 2 | 1.1 | 3.3 | 6.5 | 10.4 | 18.4 |
비교예 1 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 6.4 | 10.5 | 19.1 |
Dmin(㎛) | D10(㎛) | D50(㎛) | D90(㎛) | Dmax(㎛) | |
실시예 3 | 1.2 | 4.1 | 7.6 | 11.2 | 20.8 |
실시예 4 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 7.6 | 11.7 | 20.8 |
비교예 2 | 1.1 | 4.0 | 7.5 | 11.4 | 18.8 |
100회 충전/방전 후 용량 유지율(%) |
|
실시예 5 | 92.8 |
실시예 6 | 98.7 |
비교예 7 | 83.9 |
100회 충전/방전 후 용량 유지율(%) |
|
실시예 7 | 92.6 |
실시예 8 | 94.1 |
비교예 8 | 78.5 |
초기 충전 용량 (mAh/g) |
초기 방전 용량 (mAh/g) |
초기 쿨롱 효율 (%) |
|
실시예 7 | 223.1 | 203.2 | 91.0 |
비교예 9 | 223.0 | 194.1 | 87.0 |
비교예 10 | 225.2 | 193.5 | 85.9 |
초기 충전 용량 (mAh/g) |
초기 방전 용량 (mAh/g) |
초기 쿨롱 효율 (%) |
|
실시예 8 | 222.3 | 201.7 | 90.7 |
비교예 11 | 219.9 | 190.5 | 86.6 |
비교예 12 | 220.2 | 190.3 | 86.4 |
Claims (19)
- 리튬 전이금속 산화물을 포함하는 코어; 및
상기 코어 표면에 배치되고 전이금속을 포함하는 코팅층;
을 포함하고,
상기 코팅층은 표면으로부터 150 nm 미만까지 코어 방향으로 전이금속의 농도가 변화하는 농도구배 영역을 포함하고,
상기 리튬전이금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 양극활물질:
<화학식 1>
LixPyMO2
상기 화학식 1 중,
M은 1종 이상의 전이금속이고,
0.98≤x≤1.02, 0<y<0.01이다. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층은 Mn 및/또는 Co를 포함하고,
상기 코팅층은 Mn 또는 Co의 농도가 코팅층의 표면으로부터 코어 방향으로 감소하는 농도구배를 포함하는, 양극활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층은 Mn 및/또는 Co를 포함하고,
상기 코팅층의 표면으로부터 100 nm 이하까지 코어 방향으로 Mn 또는 Co의 농도가 감소하는 농도구배 영역을 포함하는, 양극활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코어는 전이금속의 농도가 일정한, 양극활물질. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 M은 Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Mg, V, 및 Ti 중에서 선택된 1종 이상의 전이금속을 포함한, 양극활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 전이금속산화물은 하기 화학식 2 로 표시되는, 양극활물질:
<화학식 2>
LixPyNi1-zM1zO2
상기 화학식 2 중,
M1은 Co, Mn, Al, Mg, V, 및 Ti 중에서 선택된 1종 이상의 전이금속이고,
0.98≤x≤1.02, 0<y<0.01, 0<z<1 이다 - 제7항에 있어서,
0<z≤0.5인, 양극활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 전이금속산화물은 하기 화학식 3으로 표시되는, 양극활물질:
<화학식 3>
LixPyNi1-α-zM1zM2αO2
상기 화학식 3 중,
M1 및 M2는 서로 독립적으로 Co, Mn, Al, Mg, V, 및 Ti 중에서 선택된 1종 이상의 전이금속이고,
M1 및 M2는 서로 상이하고,
0.98≤x≤1.02, 0<y<0.01, 0<α<1, 0<z<1, 및 0<α+z<1 이다 - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 전이금속산화물은 하기 화학식 4로 표시되는, 양극활물질;
<화학식 4>
LixPyNi1-α-zCozM2αO2
상기 화학식 4 중,
M2는 Mn, Al, Mg, V, 및 Ti 중에서 선택된 1종 이상의 전이금속이고,
0.98≤x≤1.02, 0<y<0.01, 0<α<1, 0<z<1, 및 0<α+z≤0.5 이다. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 전이금속산화물은 하기 화학식 5 내지 7 중 어느 하나로 표시되는, 양극활물질:
<화학식 5>
Lix'Py'Ni1-α'-z'Coz'Mnα'O2
<화학식 6>
Lix''Py''Ni1-α''-z''Coz''Alα''O2
<화학식 7>
Lix'''Py'''Ni1-z'''Coz'''O2
상기 화학식 5 내지 7 중,
0.98≤x'≤1.02, 0<y'<0.01, 0<α'≤0.3, 및 0<z'≤0.3이고,
0.98≤x''≤1.02, 0<y''<0.01, 0<α''≤0.05, 및 0<z''≤0.3이고,
0.98≤x'''≤1.02, 0<y'''<0.01, 및 0<z'''≤0.2이다. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 양극활물질의 평균 입경(D50)은 0.1㎛ 내지 20㎛인, 양극활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코어는 단결정인, 양극활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코어는 단일 입자인, 양극활물질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층에서 Ni의 농도가 코어에서 Ni의 농도보다 적은, 양극활물질. - 리튬 전이금속 산화물을 준비하는 단계; 및
상기 리튬 전이금속 산화물 표면에 전이금속을 포함하는 코팅층을 제공하는 단계;
를 포함하고,
상기 리튬전이금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 양극활물질의 제조방법:
<화학식 1>
LixPyMO2
상기 화학식 1 중,
M은 1종 이상의 전이금속이고,
0.98≤x≤1.02, 0<y<0.01이다. - 제16항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층을 제공하는 단계는:
상기 리튬 전이금속 산화물 및 전이금속 전구체를 혼합하고, 열처리하는 단계를 포함하는, 양극활물질의 제조방법. - 제17항에 있어서,
상기 열처리는 400℃ 내지 800℃의 온도에서 1 내지 5시간 동안 수행되는, 양극활물질의 제조방법. - 제1항 내지 제4항, 및 제6항 내지 제15항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 양극활물질을 포함한 양극;
음극; 및
전해질;
을 포함하는 리튬이차전지.
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US11670754B2 (en) | 2017-12-04 | 2023-06-06 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Positive active material for rechargeable lithium battery, preparing method thereof and rechargeable lithium battery comprising positive electrode including positive active material |
US11682755B2 (en) | 2017-12-04 | 2023-06-20 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Positive active material for rechargeable lithium battery, preparing method thereof and rechargeable lithium battery comprising positive electrode including positive active material |
US11728473B2 (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2023-08-15 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode for rechargeable lithium battery, method of preparing the same, and rechargeable lithium battery including the same |
US11777075B2 (en) | 2017-12-04 | 2023-10-03 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Positive active material for rechargeable lithium battery, preparing method thereof and rechargeable lithium battery comprising positive electrode including positive active material |
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US11777075B2 (en) | 2017-12-04 | 2023-10-03 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Positive active material for rechargeable lithium battery, preparing method thereof and rechargeable lithium battery comprising positive electrode including positive active material |
US11728473B2 (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2023-08-15 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode for rechargeable lithium battery, method of preparing the same, and rechargeable lithium battery including the same |
US12224426B2 (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2025-02-11 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode for rechargeable lithium battery, method of preparing the same, and rechargeable lithium battery including the same |
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