KR102093972B1 - 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR102093972B1 KR102093972B1 KR1020180072890A KR20180072890A KR102093972B1 KR 102093972 B1 KR102093972 B1 KR 102093972B1 KR 1020180072890 A KR1020180072890 A KR 1020180072890A KR 20180072890 A KR20180072890 A KR 20180072890A KR 102093972 B1 KR102093972 B1 KR 102093972B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- secondary battery
- group
- lithium secondary
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- -1 aliphatic lithium carboxylate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical group [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910012305 LiPON Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)[O-] NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002227 LISICON Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018133 Li 2 S-SiS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910008906 Li2OV2O5—SiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910009357 Li2S—GeS—Ga2S3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910007860 Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012316 Li3.6Si0.6P0.4O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010640 Li6BaLa2Ta2O12 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013189 LiBON Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010833 LiI-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010855 LiI—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010847 LiI—Li3PO4-P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010864 LiI—Li3PO4—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015644 LiMn 2 - z Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003870 O—Li Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019988 mead Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012605 Li3PO(4-3/2w)Nw Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910012606 Li3PO(4−3/2w)Nw Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910015676 LiMn 2-z Co Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 58
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 8
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 7
- VWBWQOUWDOULQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nmp n-methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O.CN1CCCC1=O VWBWQOUWDOULQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- CNIGGGQKQCBEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxyethenone Chemical compound COC(OC)=C=O CNIGGGQKQCBEMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-caprolactone Chemical compound CCC1CCC(=O)O1 JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical group CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound [CH2]COC(=O)OCCC QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)OC1C LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC1COC(=O)O1 AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)=O ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical group [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940058401 polytetrafluoroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
- H01M4/044—Activating, forming or electrochemical attack of the supporting material
- H01M4/0445—Forming after manufacture of the electrode, e.g. first charge, cycling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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Abstract
상기 리튬 이차전지는 대기와 차단된 상태에서 리튬 금속을 형성하여, 종래 음극 상에 형성되는 표면 산화막(native layer)의 생성이 원천적으로 일어나지 않아, 이에 따른 전지의 효율 및 수명 특성 저하를 방지할 수 있다.
Description
도 2는 본 발명의 제1 구현예에 따라 제조된 리튬 이차전지의 초기 충전시, 리튬 이온(Li+)의 이동을 나타내는 모식도이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 제1 구현예에 따라 제조된 리튬 이차전지의 초기 충전이 완료된 후의 모식도이다.
도 4는 본 발명의 제2 구현예에 따라 제조된 리튬 이차전지의 모식도이다.
도 5는 본 발명의 제2 구현예에 따라 제조된 리튬 이차전지의 초기 충전시, 리튬 이온(Li+)의 이동을 나타내는 모식도이다.
도 6은 본 발명의 제2 구현예에 따라 제조된 리튬 이차전지의 초기 충전이 완료된 후의 모식도이다.
초기 충전 용량(mAh/g) | 초기 방전 용량(mAh/g) | 초기 쿨룽 효율 | 초기 비가역 용량 비 | |
[화학식 1] Li2NiO2 | 370 | 110 | 29.7% | 70.3% |
[화학식 3] LiMnO2 | 230 | 100 | 43.5% | 56.5% |
[화학식 3] LiCrxMn1 - xO2 | 230 | 80 | 34.8% | 65.2% |
1Cyc. 형성 Li의 양 (mAh/cm2) | 초기 저항 대비 1달 후 저항 증가율 | |
실시예 1 | 1.63 | 23% |
실시예 2 | 1.64 | 52% |
실시예 3 | 1.64 | 21% |
실시예 4 | 1.62 | 38% |
실시예 5 | 1.59 | 8% |
비교예 1 | 1.63 | 114% |
비교예 2 | 1.63 | 75% |
11, 41: 양극 집전체
13, 43: 양극 합제
20, 50: 음극
21, 51: 음극 집전체
23, 53: 음극 합제
30, 60: 분리막
55: 보호막
Claims (15)
- 양극, 음극, 이들 사이에 개재된 분리막 및 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지에 있어서,
상기 전해질은 겔 고분자 전해질이며,
상기 음극은 분리막과 접하는 면에 보호막이 추가로 형성되고,
상기 보호막은 리튬 이온 전도성 고분자 및 무기 고체 전해질 중 어느 하나 이상과, 리튬염을 포함하고,
충전에 의해 상기 양극으로부터 이동되어 음극 내 음극 집전체 상에 리튬 금속을 형성하는, 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 금속은 4.5V ~ 2.5V 의 전압 범위에서 1회의 충전을 통해 형성되는, 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 겔 고분자 전해질은 가교 또는 비가교 구조를 갖는, 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 겔 고분자 전해질은 고분자 매트릭스, 리튬염, 및 유기 용매를 포함하는, 리튬 이차전지. - 제4항에 있어서,
상기 고분자 매트릭스는 분자 구조 내 카르복실 관능기(carboxylic group), 아크릴레이트 관능기(acrylate group) 및 시아노 관능기(cyano group)를 포함하는 군 중에 서 선택되는 적어도 두 가지 이상의 관능기를 갖는 모노머가 중합된 것인, 리튬 이차전지. - 제4항에 있어서,
상기 리튬염은 LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO4, LiBF4, LiB10Cl10, LiPF6, LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CH3SO3Li, CF3SO3Li, LiSCN, LiC(CF3SO2)3, (CF3SO2)2NLi, (FSO2)2NLi, 클로로 보란 리튬, 저급 지방족 카르본산 리튬, 4-페닐 붕산 리튬, 리튬이미드인, 리튬 이차전지. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 양극은 LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, Li(NiaCobMnc)O2(0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, a+b+c=1), LiNi1-YCoYO2, LiCo1-YMnYO2, LiNi1-YMnYO2 (여기에서, 0≤Y<1), Li(NiaCobMnc)O4(0<a<2, 0<b<2, 0<c<2, a+b+c=2), LiMn2-zNizO4, LiMn2-zCozO4(여기에서, 0<Z<2), LixMyMn2-yO4-zAz (여기에서, 0.9≤x≤1.2, 0<y<2, 0≤z<0.2, M= Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Ti, Cu, B, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sr, Sb, W, Ti 및 Bi 중 하나 이상, A는 -1 또는 -2가의 하나 이상의 음이온), Li1+aNibM'1-bO2-cA'c (0≤a≤0.1, 0≤b≤0.8, 0≤c<0.2이고, M'은 Mn, Co, Mg, Al 등 6배위의 안정한 원소로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상이고 A'는 -1 또는 -2가의 하나 이상의 음이온이다.), LiCoPO4, 및 LiFePO4 로 이루어진 군으로부터 1종 이상의 양극 활물질을 포함하는, 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 양극은 하기 화학식 1 내지 8 중 어느 하나로 표시되는 리튬 금속 화합물을 포함하는, 리튬 이차전지:
[화학식 1]
Li2Ni1-aM1 aO2
(상기 식에서, a는 0≤a<1이고, M1은 Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mg 및 Cd로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상의 원소이다.)
[화학식 2]
Li2+bNi1-cM2 cO2+d
(상기 식에서, -0.5≤b≤0.5, 0≤c≤1, 0≤d<0.3, M2는 P, B, C, Al, Sc, Sr, Ti, V, Zr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mg, Nb, Mo 및 Cd로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상의 원소이다.)
[화학식 3]
LiM3 eMn1-eO2(e는 0≤e<0.5이고, M3는 Cr, Al, Ni, Mn, 및 Co로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상의 원소이다.),
[화학식 4]
Li2M4O2
(상기 식에서, M4는 Cu, Ni로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상의 원소이다.)
[화학식 5]
Li3+fNb1-gM5 gS4-h
(상기 식에서, -0.1≤f≤1, 0≤g≤0.5, -0.1≤h≤0.5이고, M5는 Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mg 및 Cd로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상의 원소이다)
[화학식 6]
LiM6 iMn1-iO2
(상기 식에서, i는 0.05≤i<0.5이고, M6는 Cr, Al, Ni, Mn, 및 Co로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상의 원소이다.)
[화학식 7]
LiM7 2jMn2-2jO4
(상기 식에서, j는 0.05≤j<0.5이고, M7은 Cr, Al, Ni, Mn, 및 Co로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상의 원소이다.)
[화학식 8]
Lik-M8 m-Nn
(상기 식에서, M8은 알칼리토류 금속을 나타내고, k/(k+m+n)은 0.10 내지 0.40이고, m/(k+m+n)은 0.20 내지 0.50이고, n/(k+m+n)은 0.20 내지 0.50이다.) - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 금속은 50 nm 내지 100 ㎛의 두께를 갖는 금속층인, 리튬 이차전지. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 이온 전도성 고분자는 폴리에틸렌옥사이드(PEO), 폴리아크릴로니트릴(PAN), 폴리메틸메타크릴레이트(PMMA), 폴리비닐리덴 풀루오라이드(PVDF), 폴리비닐리덴 풀루오라이드-헥사풀루오로프로필렌(PVDF-HFP), LiPON, Li3N, LixLa1-xTiO3(0 < x < 1) 및 Li2S-GeS-Ga2S3로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상인, 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 무기 고체 전해질은 Thio-LISICON(Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4), Li2S-SiS2, LiI-Li2S-SiS2, LiI-Li2S-P2S5, LiI-Li2S-P2O5, LiI-Li3PO4-P2S5, Li2S-P2S5, Li3PS4, Li7P3S11, Li2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3-P2O5, Li2O-V2O5-SiO2, Li2O-B2O3, Li3PO4, Li2O-Li2WO4-B2O3, LiPON, LiBON, Li2O-SiO2, LiI, Li3N, Li5La3Ta2O12, Li7La3Zr2O12, Li6BaLa2Ta2O12, Li3PO(4-3/2w)Nw (w는 w<1), 및 Li3.6Si0.6P0.4O4로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상인, 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬염은 LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO4, LiBF4, LiB10Cl10, LiPF6, LiCF3SO3, LiCF3CO2, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, CH3SO3Li, CF3SO3Li, LiSCN, LiC(CF3SO2)3, (CF3SO2)2NLi, (FSO2)2NLi, 클로로 보란 리튬, 저급 지방족 카르본산 리튬, 4-페닐 붕산 리튬 및 리튬이미드로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상의 리튬염인, 리튬 이차전지. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 보호막은 두께가 10 nm 내지 1 ㎛인, 리튬 이차전지.
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US16/623,500 US11431019B2 (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2018-06-26 | Lithium secondary battery |
JP2019571353A JP7183198B2 (ja) | 2017-06-26 | 2018-06-26 | リチウム二次電池 |
PCT/KR2018/007227 WO2019004699A1 (ko) | 2017-06-26 | 2018-06-26 | 리튬 이차전지 |
EP18823493.4A EP3637526B1 (en) | 2017-06-26 | 2018-06-26 | Lithium secondary battery |
CN201880042247.6A CN110785886B (zh) | 2017-06-26 | 2018-06-26 | 锂二次电池 |
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