KR101670664B1 - 불소가 도핑된 스피넬 구조의 리튬금속망간산화물이 코팅된 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
불소가 도핑된 스피넬 구조의 리튬금속망간산화물이 코팅된 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101670664B1 KR101670664B1 KR1020150062600A KR20150062600A KR101670664B1 KR 101670664 B1 KR101670664 B1 KR 101670664B1 KR 1020150062600 A KR1020150062600 A KR 1020150062600A KR 20150062600 A KR20150062600 A KR 20150062600A KR 101670664 B1 KR101670664 B1 KR 101670664B1
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims description 91
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017855 NH 4 F Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013184 LiBO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018584 Mn 2-x O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- -1 lithium manganese metal oxide Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 19
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010199 LiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dichloro-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- BZWNOUGHXUDNCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Mn++] BZWNOUGHXUDNCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017119 AlPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015243 LiMg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002099 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013391 LizN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJYZTOPVWURGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;manganese(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mn].[Mn+3] CJYZTOPVWURGAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
- H01M4/1315—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx containing halogen atoms, e.g. LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 본 발명의 실시예 및 비교예에 따라 제조된 양극 활물질을 XRD로 측정한 그래프이다.
도 3은 본 발명의 실시예 및 비교예에 따라 제조된 양극 활물질을 SEM으로 촬영한 사진이다.
도 4는 본 발명의 실시예 및 비교예에 따라 제조된 양극 활물질을 이용하여 제작한 반전지의 수명특성을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 5는 본 발명의 실시예 및 비교예에 따라 제조된 양극 활물질을 이용하여 제작한 반전지의 고온(60 ℃) 수명특성을 보여주는 그래프이다.
도 6은 본 발명의 실시예 및 비교예에 따라 제조된 양극 활물질을 이용하여 제작한 반전지의 고율(1 C vs. 7 C)에서 충전 및 방전 특성(상온)을 보여주는 그래프이다.
Claims (12)
- 코어의 표면에 쉘이 코팅된 코어쉘 구조의 양극 활물질로서,
상기 코어는 스피넬 구조의 리튬망간산화물(LMO)이며,
상기 쉘은 스피넬 구조의 리튬금속망간산화물의 표면에 불소가 도핑된 코팅층으로서, 하기 [화학식 1]의 화합물로 표시되는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질;
[화학식 1]
Li1MxMn2-xO4-nFn
상기 x는 1/(4-z)이며, 상기 z는 상기 M의 산화수이고, 상기 n은 0 < n < 0.3의 실수이며,
상기 M은 산화수가 +2 또는 +3인 금속이다. - 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 리튬금속망간산화물 코팅층과 코어의 중량비는 1 : 20-200인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 불소와, 리튬금속망간산화물이 코팅된 코어의 중량비는 1 : 20-1000인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 불소가 도핑된 스피넬 구조의 리튬금속망간산화물 코팅층의 두께는 1 nm 내지 1 um인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질.
- 제1항, 제3항 내지 제5항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 양극 활물질을 포함하는 리튬 이온전지용 작업전극.
- 제1항, 제3항 내지 제5항 어느 한 항에 따른 양극 활물질을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- (A) 리튬 전구체, 망간 전구체, 금속 전구체를 혼합하여 리튬금속망간산화물 코팅용액을 제조하는 단계;
(B) 상기 코팅용액으로 스피넬 구조의 리튬망간산화물(LMO)을 코팅하는 단계;
(C) 상기 코팅된 LMO를 열처리하는 단계; 및
(D) 상기 열처리된 LMO의 코팅층 표면에 불소화합물을 도포한 후 열처리하여 불소를 도핑하는 단계;를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조방법으로서,
상기 LMO에 코팅된 코팅층은 하기 [화학식 1]의 화합물로 표시되는 불소가 도핑된 스피넬 구조의 리튬금속망간산화물인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질의 제조방법;
[화학식 1]
Li1MxMn2-xO4-nFn
상기 x는 1/(4-z)이며, 상기 z는 상기 M의 산화수이고, 상기 n은 0 < n < 0.3의 실수이며,
상기 M은 산화수가 +2 또는 +3인 금속이다. - 제8항에 있어서, 상기 (D)단계 이후에 200 내지 500 ℃로 추가 열처리를 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 (A)단계에서 리튬 전구체는 Li2CO3, LiOH·H2O, LiNO3, LiBO2 및 이들 1종 이상의 혼합물 중에서 선택되고;
상기 망간 전구체는 MnC2O4·2H2O, MnNO3·(H2O)4, MnCO3, MnO2, Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O 및 이들 1종 이상의 혼합물 중에서 선택되며;
상기 금속 전구체는 Li2CO3, LiOH·H2O, LiNO3, LiBO2, Al(NO3)3·9H2O, Al2O3, B2O3, B(OC2H5)4, H3BO3, GaO, MgCrO, MgTiO, CaAlO, ZnSO4·7H2O, ZnO, NiTiO, NiCrO 및 이들 1종 이상의 혼합물 중에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질의 제조방법. - 제8항에 있어서, 상기 (D)단계에서 불소화합물은 불화암모늄(NH4F), 이불화암모늄(NH4HF2) 및 이들 1종 이상의 혼합물 중에서 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 리튬금속망간산화물과 LMO의 중량비는 1 : 20-100인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
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