KR101397019B1 - 복합체 음극 활물질, 그 제조 방법 및 이를 채용한 음극과리튬 전지 - Google Patents
복합체 음극 활물질, 그 제조 방법 및 이를 채용한 음극과리튬 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101397019B1 KR101397019B1 KR1020070092148A KR20070092148A KR101397019B1 KR 101397019 B1 KR101397019 B1 KR 101397019B1 KR 1020070092148 A KR1020070092148 A KR 1020070092148A KR 20070092148 A KR20070092148 A KR 20070092148A KR 101397019 B1 KR101397019 B1 KR 101397019B1
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- active material
- lithium
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- composite anode
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002515 CoAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 229910000943 NiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- -1 V 2 O 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940058401 polytetrafluoroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005609 vinylidenefluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013458 LiC6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010586 LiFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910001295 No alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Si] Chemical compound [Li].[Si] ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MYWGVEGHKGKUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.C=C.OC(O)=O MYWGVEGHKGKUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001325 element alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Pb] JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium tin Chemical compound [Li].[Sn] UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/387—Tin or alloys based on tin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/46—Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
- H01M4/466—Magnesium based
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
초기용량 | 초기용량 | ||
단위 중량당 [mAh/g] | 단위 부피당 [mAh/cc] | 초기효율 | |
실시예 9 | 951 | 1345 | 84.3 |
실시예 10 | 1109 | 1536 | 83.5 |
실시예 11 | 938 | 1319 | 81.5 |
실시예 12 | 1019 | 1517 | 82.2 |
실시예 13 | 1109 | 1441 | 82.5 |
실시예 14 | 985 | 1333 | 82.0 |
실시예 15 | 955 | 1362 | 82.4 |
실시예 16 | 948 | 1449 | 81.6 |
비교예 3 | 1127 | 1244 | 64.1 |
비교예 4 | 887 | 1145 | 78.4 |
Claims (17)
- 리튬과 합금 가능한 금속;금속간 화합물; 및탄소계 재료;를 포함하는 복합체 음극 활물질로서,상기 금속간 화합물이 리튬 및 상기 리튬과 합금 가능한 금속과 합금을 형성하지 않으며,상기 리튬과 합금 가능한 금속이 Si, Ge, Sn, Ag, Au, Pt, Mg, Sb, Pb, Bi, Zn, 및 In 으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상의 금속인 것을 특징으로 하는 복합체 음극 활물질.
- 삭제
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 금속간 화합물이 하나 또는 둘 이상의 중간상(intermediate phase)을 포함하며, 상기 중간상 각각이 3족 내지 14족으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 2 이상의 원소를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합체 음극 활물질.
- 제 3 항에 있어서, 상기 중간상이 중간상에 포함된 원소들 각각의 단일상과 다른 결정구조를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합체 음극 활물질.
- 제 3 항에 있어서, 상기 중간상이 MxM' y(0<x<1, 0<y<1, x+y=1, M 및 M' 는 각각 3족 내지 14족 원소들 중에서 선택된 원소)로 표시되는 조성범위의 화합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합체 음극 활물질.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 상기 M이 Ni, Ti, Co, V 또는 Mo이며, M' 가 Al인 것을 특징으로 하는 복합체 음극 활물질.
- 제 3 항에 있어서, 상기 중간상이 Ni3Al, TiAl3, Co2Al9, CoAl3, Co4Al13, VAl3, V5Al8 및 MoAl5 로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 화합물로 이루어진 중간상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합체 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 금속간 화합물이 400℃에서 NixAly(0.37<x<0.41; x+y=1)범위의 조성을 가지는 화합물을 포함하는 중간상, NixAly(0.45<x<0.59; x+y=1)범위의 조성을 가지는 화합물을 포함하는 중간상, NixAly(0.64<x<0.68; x+y=1)범위의 조성을 가지는 화합물을 포함하는 중간상 및 NixAly(0.73<x<0.75; x+y=1)범위의 조성을 가지는 화합물을 포함하는 중간상으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 중간상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합체 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 금속간 화합물이 500℃에서 TixAly(0.45<x<0.51; x+y=1)범위의 조성을 가지는 화합물을 포함하는 중간상, TixAly(0.65<x<0.78; x+y=1)범위의 조성을 가지는 화합물을 포함하는 중간상으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 중간상을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합체 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 금속간 화합물이 하나의 중간상에서 동일한 결정 구조를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합체 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 탄소계 재료가 흑연, 카본블랙, 비정질 탄소, 및 섬유상탄소로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 재료인 것을 특징으로 하는 복합체 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 금속간 화합물의 함량이 복합체 총량에 대해 50 내지 90중량%인 것을 특징으로 하는 복합체 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 탄소계 재료의 함량이 복합체 총량에 대해 5 내지 50중량%인 것을 특징으로 하는 복합체 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 금속간 화합물이 X-선 회절 측정 시에 리튬 및 상기 리튬과 합금 가능한 금속으로부터 구조적으로 분리된 상(phase)으로만 나타나는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합체 음극 활물질.
- 제 1 항 및 제 3 항 내지 제 14 항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 복합체 음극 활물질을 제조하는 방법으로서,리튬과 합금 가능한 금속; 금속간 화합물; 및 탄소계 재료;를 불활성 분위기에서 기계적으로 밀링하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 복합체 음극 활물질 제조 방법.
- 제 1 항 및 제 3 항 내지 제 14 항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 복합체 음극 활물질을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제 1 항 및 제 3 항 내지 제 14 항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 복합체 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극을 채용한 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 전지.
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US11/966,607 US8642216B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2007-12-28 | Composite anode active material, with intermetallic compound, method of preparing the same, and anode and lithium battery containing the material |
CN2008100045793A CN101494285B (zh) | 2007-01-25 | 2008-01-25 | 复合负极活性材料、其制法及含该材料的负极和锂电池 |
JP2008015445A JP5492380B2 (ja) | 2007-01-25 | 2008-01-25 | 複合体陰極活物質、その製造方法及びそれを採用した陰極とリチウム電池 |
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JP2004111202A (ja) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-04-08 | Sony Corp | 負極材料およびそれを用いた電池 |
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US7507502B2 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2009-03-24 | Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. | Negative electrode having intermetallic compound that occludes/desorbs lithium as an active material layer on collector for non-aqueous secondary battery and non-aqueous secondary battery using the same |
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