KR101189840B1 - 영구 자석 및 영구 자석의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
영구 자석 및 영구 자석의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101189840B1 KR101189840B1 KR1020127007181A KR20127007181A KR101189840B1 KR 101189840 B1 KR101189840 B1 KR 101189840B1 KR 1020127007181 A KR1020127007181 A KR 1020127007181A KR 20127007181 A KR20127007181 A KR 20127007181A KR 101189840 B1 KR101189840 B1 KR 101189840B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0572—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes with a protective layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/08—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/06—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
- H01F1/08—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
- H01F1/086—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together sintered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
- C22C2202/02—Magnetic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 영구 자석의 입계 부근을 확대하여 도시한 모식도이다.
도 3은 강자성체의 자구 구조를 도시한 모식도이다.
도 4는 본 발명에 따른 영구 자석의 입계 부근을 확대하여 도시한 모식도이다.
도 5는 본 발명에 따른 영구 자석의 제1 제조 방법에 있어서의 제조 공정을 도시한 설명도이다.
도 6은 고온 수소 플라즈마 가열을 사용한 가소 처리의 우위성을 설명한 도면이다.
도 7은 본 발명에 따른 영구 자석의 제2 제조 방법에 있어서의 제조 공정을 도시한 설명도이다.
도 8은 실시예와 비교예의 영구 자석에 대해서 200eV 내지 215eV의 결합 에너지의 범위에서 검출된 스펙트럼을 도시한 도면이다.
도 9는 도 8에 도시하는 스펙트럼의 파형 해석의 결과에 대하여 도시한 도면이다.
10: Nd 결정 입자
11: 고융점 금속층
12: 고융점 금속 입자
42: 슬러리
43: 자석 분말
65: 가소체
71: 성형체
Claims (24)
- 자석 원료를 자석 분말로 분쇄하는 공정과,
상기 분쇄된 자석 분말에 이하의 화학식
M-(OR)x
(화학식 중, M은 V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W 또는 Nb이고, R은 탄화수소를 포함하는 치환기이며, 직쇄이거나 분지여도 되고, x는 양의 정수임)
로 표시되는 유기 금속 화합물을 첨가함으로써, 상기 자석 분말의 입자 표면에 상기 유기 금속 화합물을 부착시키는 공정과,
상기 유기 금속 화합물이 입자 표면에 부착된 상기 자석 분말을 플라즈마 가열에 의해 가소하여 가소체를 얻는 공정과,
상기 가소체를 성형함으로써 성형체를 형성하는 공정과,
상기 성형체를 소결하는 공정
에 의해 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 가소체를 얻는 공정에서는, 고온 수소 플라즈마 가열에 의해 가소하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 자석 분말로 분쇄하는 공정에서는, 상기 자석 원료를 단자구 입자 직경의 자석 분말을 포함하는 자석 분말로 분쇄하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 화학식 중의 R은 알킬기인 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 화학식 중의 R은 탄소수 2 내지 6의 알킬기 중 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 유기 금속 화합물을 형성하는 금속이 소결 후에 상기 영구 자석의 입계에 편재해 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석.
- 제6항에 있어서, 상기 유기 금속 화합물을 형성하는 금속이 소결 후에 상기 영구 자석의 결정 입자 표면에 1㎚ 내지 200㎚의 두께의 층을 형성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석.
- 자석 원료를 자석 분말로 분쇄하는 공정과,
상기 분쇄된 자석 분말에 이하의 화학식
M-(OR)x
(화학식 중, M은 V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W 또는 Nb이고, R은 탄화수소를 포함하는 치환기이며, 직쇄이거나 분지여도 되고, x는 양의 정수임)
로 표시되는 유기 금속 화합물을 첨가함으로써, 상기 자석 분말의 입자 표면에 상기 유기 금속 화합물을 부착시키는 공정과,
상기 유기 금속 화합물이 입자 표면에 부착된 상기 자석 분말을 성형함으로써 성형체를 형성하는 공정과,
상기 성형체를 플라즈마 가열에 의해 가소하여 가소체를 얻는 공정과,
상기 가소체를 소결하는 공정
에 의해 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석. - 제8항에 있어서, 상기 가소체를 얻는 공정에서는, 고온 수소 플라즈마 가열에 의해 가소하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석.
- 제8항에 있어서, 상기 자석 분말로 분쇄하는 공정에서는, 상기 자석 원료를 단자구 입자 직경의 자석 분말을 포함하는 자석 분말로 분쇄하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석.
- 제8항 내지 제10항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 화학식 중의 R은 알킬기인 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 화학식 중의 R은 탄소수 2 내지 6의 알킬기 중 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석.
- 제8항 내지 제10항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 유기 금속 화합물을 형성하는 금속이 소결 후에 상기 영구 자석의 입계에 편재해 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석.
- 제13항에 있어서, 상기 유기 금속 화합물을 형성하는 금속이 소결 후에 상기 영구 자석의 결정 입자 표면에 1㎚ 내지 200㎚의 두께의 층을 형성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석.
- 자석 원료를 자석 분말로 분쇄하는 공정과,
상기 분쇄된 자석 분말에 이하의 화학식
M-(OR)x
(화학식 중, M은 V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W 또는 Nb이고, R은 탄화수소를 포함하는 치환기이며, 직쇄이거나 분지여도 되고, x는 양의 정수임)
로 표시되는 유기 금속 화합물을 첨가함으로써, 상기 자석 분말의 입자 표면에 상기 유기 금속 화합물을 부착시키는 공정과,
상기 유기 금속 화합물이 입자 표면에 부착된 상기 자석 분말을 플라즈마 가열에 의해 가소하여 가소체를 얻는 공정과,
상기 가소체를 성형함으로써 성형체를 형성하는 공정과,
상기 성형체를 소결하는 공정
을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석의 제조 방법. - 제15항에 있어서, 상기 가소체를 얻는 공정에서는, 고온 수소 플라즈마 가열에 의해 가소하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석의 제조 방법.
- 제15항에 있어서, 상기 자석 분말로 분쇄하는 공정에서는, 상기 자석 원료를 단자구 입자 직경의 자석 분말을 포함하는 자석 분말로 분쇄하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석의 제조 방법.
- 제15항 내지 제17항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 화학식 중의 R은 알킬기인 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석의 제조 방법.
- 제18항에 있어서, 상기 화학식 중의 R은 탄소수 2 내지 6의 알킬기 중 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석의 제조 방법.
- 자석 원료를 자석 분말로 분쇄하는 공정과,
상기 분쇄된 자석 분말에 이하의 화학식
M-(OR)x
(화학식 중, M은 V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W 또는 Nb이고, R은 탄화수소를 포함하는 치환기이며, 직쇄이거나 분지여도 되고, x는 양의 정수임)
로 표시되는 유기 금속 화합물을 첨가함으로써, 상기 자석 분말의 입자 표면에 상기 유기 금속 화합물을 부착시키는 공정과,
상기 유기 금속 화합물이 입자 표면에 부착된 상기 자석 분말을 성형함으로써 성형체를 형성하는 공정과,
상기 성형체를 플라즈마 가열에 의해 가소하여 가소체를 얻는 공정과,
상기 가소체를 소결하는 공정
을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석의 제조 방법. - 제20항에 있어서, 상기 가소체를 얻는 공정에서는, 고온 수소 플라즈마 가열에 의해 가소하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석의 제조 방법.
- 제20항에 있어서, 상기 자석 분말로 분쇄하는 공정에서는, 상기 자석 원료를 단자구 입자 직경의 자석 분말을 포함하는 자석 분말로 분쇄하는 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석의 제조 방법.
- 제20항 내지 제22항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 화학식 중의 R은 알킬기인 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석의 제조 방법.
- 제23항에 있어서, 상기 화학식 중의 R은 탄소수 2 내지 6의 알킬기 중 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 영구 자석의 제조 방법.
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WO2011125589A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-13 | 日東電工株式会社 | 永久磁石及び永久磁石の製造方法 |
EP2503566B1 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2015-01-21 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Manufacturing method for permanent magnet |
JP5011420B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-14 | 2012-08-29 | 日東電工株式会社 | 永久磁石及び永久磁石の製造方法 |
JP5411957B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-12 | 2014-02-12 | 日東電工株式会社 | 希土類永久磁石及び希土類永久磁石の製造方法 |
CN103959411A (zh) * | 2012-03-12 | 2014-07-30 | 日东电工株式会社 | 稀土类永久磁铁及稀土类永久磁铁的制造方法 |
KR20140134258A (ko) | 2012-03-12 | 2014-11-21 | 닛토덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 희토류 영구 자석 및 희토류 영구 자석의 제조 방법 |
DE102012214729A1 (de) * | 2012-08-20 | 2014-02-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnetwerkstoffen |
CN105014074A (zh) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-11-04 | 北京科技大学 | 一种充磁式磁性材料3d冷打印装置 |
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