KR100805851B1 - 참치 껍질을 이용한 어류 젤라틴의 제조방법 - Google Patents
참치 껍질을 이용한 어류 젤라틴의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100805851B1 KR100805851B1 KR1020060131532A KR20060131532A KR100805851B1 KR 100805851 B1 KR100805851 B1 KR 100805851B1 KR 1020060131532 A KR1020060131532 A KR 1020060131532A KR 20060131532 A KR20060131532 A KR 20060131532A KR 100805851 B1 KR100805851 B1 KR 100805851B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- gelatin
- tuna
- skin
- solution
- hot water
- Prior art date
Links
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 194
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 194
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 123
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920002148 Gellan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000216 gellan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000010492 gellan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 35
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 32
- 108010028690 Fish Proteins Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 23
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 108060008539 Transglutaminase Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 13
- 102000003601 transglutaminase Human genes 0.000 description 13
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 12
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](OC3[C@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002581 Glucomannan Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N Hydroxyproline Chemical compound O[C@H]1CN[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZNOZWUKQPJXOIG-XSBHQQIPSA-L [(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-[[(1r,3s,4r,5r,8s)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-4-[[(1r,3r,4r,5r,8s)-8-[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6r)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-sulfonatooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]oxy]-5-hydroxy-2-( Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OS([O-])(=O)=O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H]4OC[C@H]3O[C@H](O)[C@@H]4O)[C@@H]1O)OS([O-])(=O)=O)[C@@H]2O ZNOZWUKQPJXOIG-XSBHQQIPSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-hydroxyproline Natural products OC1C[NH2+]C(C([O-])=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940046240 glucomannan Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960002591 hydroxyproline Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-L-hydroxy-proline Natural products ON1CCCC1C(O)=O FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007902 hard capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGNGWHSBYQYVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 BGNGWHSBYQYVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000007212 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000710198 Foot-and-mouth disease virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000251539 Vertebrata <Metazoa> Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011481 absorbance measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008351 acetate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015218 chewing gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940112822 chewing gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007979 citrate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005686 eating Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006694 eating habits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009144 enzymatic modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021321 essential mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000291 glutamic acid group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940126601 medicinal product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940012843 omega-3 fatty acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020660 omega-3 fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006014 omega-3 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008279 sol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/20—Fish extracts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/275—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of animal origin, e.g. chitin
- A23L29/281—Proteins, e.g. gelatin or collagen
- A23L29/284—Gelatin; Collagen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2250/00—Food ingredients
- A23V2250/20—Natural extracts
- A23V2250/204—Animal extracts
- A23V2250/2042—Marine animal, fish extracts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2250/00—Food ingredients
- A23V2250/50—Polysaccharides, gums
- A23V2250/502—Gums
- A23V2250/5054—Gellan
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2300/00—Processes
- A23V2300/50—Concentrating, enriching or enhancing in functional factors
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
처리 | 열수추출 2) | 겔 형성여부 | ||||
온도(℃) | 시간(days) | 용매 농도1 ) (%) | 온도(℃) | 시간(hrs) | ||
참치 | 5 | 1 ~ 5 | NaOH 1~3 | 40~80 | 1~9 | ○ |
2~18 | 0 ~ 4 | HCl 1~3 | 40~70 | 3~7 | ○ | |
활어 | 5 | 1 ~ 5 | NaOH 1~3 | 40~80 | 1~9 | ○ |
2~18 | 0~4 | HCl 1~3 | 40~70 | 3~7 | ○ | |
홍어 | 5 | 1 ~ 5 | NaOH 1~3 | 40~80 | 1~9 | X |
5 | 1 ~ 5 | NaOH 0~0.5 | 40~80 | 3~7 | X | |
2~18 | 1 ~ 5 | HCl 0~1.0 | 40~80 | 3~7 | X |
젤라틴 타입 | 겔 강도 (Bloom) | 겔화온도(℃) | 녹는점(℃) | 젤라틴 함량(%) |
활어 | 195±2.7 | - | - | 78.9±0.4 |
참치(NaOH) | 429±2.9 | - | - | 89.9±0.2 |
참치 (HCl) | 439±2.4 | 18.2 | 23.4 | 89.5±0.1 |
시판제품 | 274±3.1 | 22.5 | 30.3 | 90.3±0.4 |
소 젤라틴 | 216±2.2 | 25.6 | 36.5 | 90.1±0.1 |
돼지 젤라틴 | 295±1.9 | 23.8 | 33.8 | 90.7±0.1 |
Run No. | 독립 변수(code levels) | 종속변수 | ||||||||||
X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | Y1 | Y2 | ||||||
25 | 5 | (-1) | 1 | (-1) | 2 | (1) | 65 | (1) | 6 | (1) | 78.45 | 376.31 |
26 | 5 | (-1) | 1 | (-1) | 2 | (1) | 65 | (1) | 4 | (-1) | 72.81 | 351.89 |
27 | 5 | (-1) | 1 | (-1) | 2 | (1) | 45 | (-1) | 6 | (1) | 76.52 | 368.48 |
28 | 5 | (-1) | 1 | (-1) | 2 | (1) | 45 | (-1) | 4 | (-1) | 71.55 | 339.15 |
29 | 5 | (-1) | 1 | (-1) | 1 | (-1) | 65 | (1) | 6 | (1) | 26.87 | 142.84 |
30 | 5 | (-1) | 1 | (-1) | 1 | (-1) | 65 | (1) | 4 | (-1) | 22.93 | 152.40 |
31 | 5 | (-1) | 1 | (-1) | 1 | (-1) | 45 | (-1) | 6 | (1) | 50.35 | 194.29 |
32 | 5 | (-1) | 1 | (-1) | 1 | (-1) | 45 | (-1) | 4 | (-1) | 47.07 | 187.29 |
33 | 10 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 1.5 | (0) | 55 | (0) | 5 | (0) | 88.15 | 432.15 |
34 | 10 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 1.5 | (0) | 55 | (0) | 5 | (0) | 84.81 | 441.42 |
35 | 10 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 1.5 | (0) | 55 | (0) | 5 | (0) | 85.79 | 437.27 |
36 | 10 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 1.5 | (0) | 55 | (0) | 5 | (0) | 86.43 | 439.19 |
37 | 10 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 1.5 | (0) | 55 | (0) | 5 | (0) | 87.57 | 433.56 |
38 | 10 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 1.5 | (0) | 55 | (0) | 5 | (0) | 85.49 | 440.98 |
39 | 10 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 1.5 | (0) | 55 | (0) | 5 | (0) | 88.11 | 435.24 |
40 | 10 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 1.5 | (0) | 55 | (0) | 5 | (0) | 86.94 | 437.61 |
41 | 18 | (1.6) | 2 | (0) | 1.5 | (0) | 55 | (0) | 5 | (0) | 51.96 | 268.59 |
42 | 2 | (-1.6) | 2 | (0) | 1.5 | (0) | 55 | (0) | 5 | (0) | 67.04 | 318.12 |
43 | 10 | (0) | 3.6 | (1.6) | 1.5 | (0) | 55 | (0) | 5 | (0) | 68.96 | 321.57 |
44 | 10 | (0) | 0.4 | (-1.6) | 1.5 | (0) | 55 | (0) | 5 | (0) | 61.04 | 307.32 |
45 | 10 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 2.3 | (1.6) | 55 | (0) | 5 | (0) | 73.04 | 344.28 |
46 | 10 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 0.7 | (-1.6) | 55 | (0) | 5 | |||
(0) | 47.96 | 228.72 | ||||||||||
47 | 10 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 1.5 | (0) | 71 | (1.6) | 5 | |||
(0) | 58.38 | 288.64 | ||||||||||
48 | 10 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 1.5 | (0) | 39 | (-1.6) | 5 | |||
(0) | 72.62 | 350.61 | ||||||||||
49 | 10 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 1.5 | (0) | 55 | (0) | 6.6 | |||
(1.6) | 77.24 | 358.57 | ||||||||||
50 | 10 | (0) | 2 | (0) | 1.5 | (0) | 55 | (0) | 3.4 | |||
(-1.6) | 72.76 | 347.61 |
Factors | ||||
Y1( , %) | Y2( ) | |||
Estimate | p-value | Estimate | p-value | |
Constant | -399.5707 | 0.0001 | -1613.0442 | 0.0001 |
X1 | -0.0732 | 0.9705 | 29.1671 | 0.0001 |
X2 | 72.5991 | 0.0001 | 216.9600 | 0.0001 |
X3 | 139.0879 | 0.0001 | 577.4598 | 0.0001 |
X4 | 7.3987 | 0.0003 | 27.7278 | 0.0001 |
X5 | 42.0185 | 0.0148 | 165.7637 | 0.0040 |
X1X1 | -0.4018 | 0.0001 | -1.6935 | 0.0001 |
X1X2 | 1.4441 | 0.0001 | 3.9513 | 0.0001 |
X2X2 | -7.8963 | 0.0001 | -34.0997 | 0.0001 |
X1X3 | -2.5858 | 0.0001 | -13.9361 | 0.0001 |
X2X3 | -9.4175 | 0.0001 | -29.5306 | 0.0001 |
X3X3 | -38.6165 | 0.0001 | -180.0628 | 0.0001 |
X1X4 | 0.1459 | 0.0001 | 0.2779 | 0.0002 |
X2X4 | -0.6192 | 0.0001 | -1.2088 | 0.0007 |
X3X4 | 0.4631 | 0.0229 | 3.3891 | 0.0001 |
X4X4 | -0.0770 | 0.0001 | -0.3208 | 0.0001 |
X1X5 | 0.0171 | 0.9290 | -0.5422 | 0.3880 |
X2X5 | -0.9125 | 0.3467 | 2.3966 | 0.4446 |
X3X5 | 2.2000 | 0.2587 | 12.3769 | 0.0565 |
X4X5 | -0.0509 | 0.5969 | 0.2366 | 0.4504 |
X5X5 | -3.9901 | 0.0115 | -19.0040 | 0.0005 |
R2 | 0.9607 | 0.9773 | ||
Probability > F | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
실시예 | 산종류 (%) | 전처리시간 (일) | 전처리온도 (℃) | 열수추출온도 (℃) | 열수추출시간 (hrs) |
2 | HCl 1 | 0.5~2 | 2~10 | 65~85 | 2~8 |
3 | HCl 2 | 2~4 | 18~25 | 55~80 | 3~6 |
4 | HCl 3 | 2~4 | 5~15 | 55~84 | 4~8 |
5 | HCl 2 | 3~6 | 7~21 | 40~60 | 1~7 |
6 | HCl 2 | 1~3 | 7~21 | 70~85 | 9~12 |
7 | H2SO4 2 | 2~4 | 7~21 | 55~95 | 3~8 |
8 | H3PO4 2 | 2~8 | 7~25 | 55~80 | 3~12 |
실시예 | 강도 (Bloom) |
1 | 320~340 |
2 | 310~330 |
3 | 309~321 |
4 | 315~339 |
5 | 311~328 |
6 | 305~324 |
7 | 300~311 |
8 | 299~303 |
젤라틴 타입 | 물성 | ||
겔강도(bloom) | 겔화온도(℃) | 녹는점(℃) | |
에탄올 처리 참치 젤라틴 | 359.53±12.3 | 17.7±0.2 | 26.5±0.4 |
참치 젤라틴 | 321.47±8.9 | 16.2±0.4 | 24.9±0.4 |
젤라틴 타입 | 헌터 색지수 | ||
L | a | b | |
에탄올 처리 참치 젤라틴 | 69.51 ± 1.15c1 ) | 0.14 ± 0.04c | 6.56 ± 0.49c |
참치 젤라틴 | 67.84 ± 0.81d | 0.09 ± 0.09c | 7.67 ± 0.35b |
어류 젤라틴 | 52.11 ± 0.85e | -0.62 ± 0.21d | 13.55 ± 0.33a |
돼지 젤라틴 | 75.52 ± 1.44a | 0.95 ± 0.07a | -0.17 ± 0.21d |
소 젤라틴 | 71.33 ± 1.55b | 0.79 ±01.14b | 7.31 ± 0.43b |
염용액 | 겔화온도(℃) | 녹는점(℃) | ||
0.1M | 0.5M | 0.1M | 0.5M | |
Control1 ) | 17.7 ±0.2 | 26.5 ±0.4 | ||
NaH2PO4 | 18.6 ±0.2 | 21.1 ±0.1 | 26.6 ±0.3 | 29.1 ±0.1 |
MgSO4 | 18.4 ±0.1 | 20.9 ±0.4 | 26.7 ±0.3 | 28.8 ±0.4 |
MgCl2 | 16.9 ±0.3 | 13.6 ±0.1 | 28.8 ±0.1 | 24.9 ±0.1 |
NaCl | 17.3 ±0.1 | 15.8 ±0.3 | 25.8 ±0.2 | 25.0 ±0.2 |
다당류 | 다당류 함량 | |||||
0.05% | 0.10% | 0.15% | ||||
GP2 ) | MP3) | GP | MP | GP | MP | |
Control1 ) | 7.7 ±0.2 | 26.5 ±0.4 | 17.7 ±0.2 | 26.5 ±0.4 | 17.7 ±0.2 | 26.5 ±0.4 |
젤란검(gellan gum) | 31.0 ±0.1 | -4) | 31.7 ±0.1 | - | 32.0 ±0.1 | - |
κ-카라기난( κ-carrageenan) | 18.5 ±0.1 | 26.0 ±0.1 | 18.0 ±0.3 | 26.6 ±0.2 | 18.8 ±0.3 | 27.5 ±0.2 |
글루코만난(Glucomannan) | 16.3 ±0.3 | 25.0 ±0.2 | 16.3 ±0.1 | 25.0 ±0.2 | 16.4 ±0.3 | 25.1 ±0.1 |
0.1% 젤란검용액의 함량 | 물성 | |
녹는점(℃) | 겔화온도(℃) | |
Control1 ) | 26.5 ±0.2 | 17.7 ±0.4 |
5% | 26.7 ±0.1 | 17.8 ±0.1 |
10% | 27.2 ±0.3 | 18.6 ±0.3 |
15% | 27.8 ±0.2 | 19.8 ±0.3 |
20% | 28.8 ±0.2 | 20.5 ±0.2 |
25% | 29.5 ±0.1 | 20.9 ±0.1 |
30% | 30.4 ±0.4 | 21.4 ±0.3 |
트랜스글루타미네이즈 농도(mg%) | 물성 | ||
겔강도 (bloom) | 녹는점(℃) | 겔화온도(℃) | |
Control1 ) | 359.53±12.3 | 25.6 ± 0.2 | 17.1 ± 0.4 |
0.25 | 324.97±20.1 | 26.7 ± 0.4 | 18.4 ± 0.4 |
0.5 | 310.74±19.6 | 27.3 ± 0.4 | 18.7 ± 0.4 |
0.75 | 305.57±8.3 | 25.9 ± 0.4 | 17.8 ± 0.4 |
에탄올 처리된 젤라틴의 첨가물 | 점도(cps) | |
50℃에서 | 40℃ 에서 | |
Control | 32.0±0.81b1 ) | 33.0±0.82c |
MgSO4 | 34.0±1.82ab | 35.8±0.96ab |
NaH2PO4 | 35.0±1.82ab | 36.3±1.26ab |
젤란검 | 35.5±2.38a | 37.5±1.00a |
트랜스글루타미네이즈 | 34.5±2.08ab | 35.0±1.41b |
TPA(Texture profile analysis) | |||||
경도(Hardness) | 부서짐성(Fracturability) | 부착성(Adhesiveness) | 응집성(Cohesiveness) | 탄력성(Springness) | |
Control1 ) | 274.02 ± 11.13b2 ) | 458.45±16.88b | -91.81±22.11a | 0.48±0.02ab | 1.1±0.24b |
MgSO4 | 297.31 ± 17.14a | 312.43±4.12c | -90.57±8.11a | 0.34±0.08c | 1.48±0.33a |
NaH2PO4 | 290.09 ± 14.59ab | 523.33±58.61a | -165.19±45.19c | 0.36±0.02c | 0.96±0.05b |
젤란검 | 297.21 ± 3.57a | 242.65±13.73d | -183.02±8.63c | 0.34±0.02c | 0.96±0.05b |
트랜스글루타미네이즈 | 188.02 ± 21.67c | 196.93±25.24e | -170.54±11.44c | 0.52±0.05a | 0.99±0.01b |
시판제품 | 197.81 ± 20.25c | 124.79±15.84f | -120.64±12.77b | 0.43±0.04b | 0.99±0.21b |
수크로스의 농도(%) | 물성 | |
겔화온도(℃) | 녹는점(℃) | |
0 | 17.7± 0.2 | 26.5 ±0.4 |
4 | 18.3 ±0.1 | 26.6 ±0.1 |
8 | 18.7 ±0.4 | 26.8 ±0.2 |
12 | 18.8 ±0.1 | 26.9 ±0.1 |
16 | 19.1 ±0.2 | 27.1 ±0.1 |
20 | 19.3 ±0.1 | 27.3 ±0.2 |
Claims (11)
- 삭제
- 참치 껍질을 원료로 하여 참치 젤라틴을 제조하는 방법에 있어서,1~3%의 산 용매에서, 2~18℃, 0.1~4일의 조건하에서 세척 및 분쇄된 참치 껍질을 전처리하는 단계;상기 전처리된 참치 껍질을 40~70℃에서 3~9시간 동안 열수추출하는 단계;상기 열수추출된 참치 추출물에 90~98%의 알코올을 첨가하여 75~80%의 알코올 처리 젤라틴 용액이 될 때까지 알코올을 첨가하는 단계 및상기 참치 젤라틴 용액을 여과 및 건조하여 참치 젤라틴을 얻는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 참치 젤라틴의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 알코올이 에탄올일 것을 특징으로 하는 참치젤라틴의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 전처리 단계가 1~3%의 산성용액에서, 5~8℃에서 1내지 3일간 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 참치젤라틴의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 산성용액이 염산 수용액인 것을 특징으로 하는 참치 젤라틴의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 열수추출단계가 40~60℃에서 4~6시간 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 참치젤라틴의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 전처리 단계 후에 산처리된 참치껍질을 물로 세척하여 중화시키는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 참치 젤라틴의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 참치 젤라틴 용액에 0.1~1.0M의 NaH2PO4 또는 MgSO4의 염을 5~8%의 농도로 첨가하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 참치젤라틴의 제조방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 참치 젤라틴 용액에 0.5~2%의 당을 0.05~60%의 농도로 첨가하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 참치 젤라틴의 제조방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 당이 젤란검인 것을 특징으로 하는 참치 젤라틴의 제조방법.
- a) 참치 껍질을 원료로 준비하고 물로 세척하는 세척단계; b) 상기 세척된 참치 껍질을 2%의 염산 용매에서, 7℃ 및 2일의 조건하에서 전처리하는 전처리 단계; c) 상기 전처리된 참치 껍질을 물로 세척하는 중화단계; d) 상기 중화된 참치 껍질을 52℃에서 5시간 동안 열수추출하여 참치 젤라틴 용액을 수득하는 열수추출 단계; e) 상기 추출된 참치 젤라틴 용액을 여과하고 농축하는 단계; 및 f) 상기 농축된 젤라틴 용액에 에탄올을 붓고 원심분리한 후 건조하여 순수 젤라틴을 수득하는 단계를 포함하여 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 참치 젤라틴의 제조방법.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020060131532A KR100805851B1 (ko) | 2006-12-21 | 2006-12-21 | 참치 껍질을 이용한 어류 젤라틴의 제조방법 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020060131532A KR100805851B1 (ko) | 2006-12-21 | 2006-12-21 | 참치 껍질을 이용한 어류 젤라틴의 제조방법 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR100805851B1 true KR100805851B1 (ko) | 2008-02-21 |
Family
ID=39382834
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020060131532A KR100805851B1 (ko) | 2006-12-21 | 2006-12-21 | 참치 껍질을 이용한 어류 젤라틴의 제조방법 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
KR (1) | KR100805851B1 (ko) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011059277A2 (ko) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | Jang Yeo-Jin | 라면수프용 포장재의 제조방법 |
KR101100411B1 (ko) | 2008-12-24 | 2011-12-30 | 대구가톨릭대학교산학협력단 | 커드형 돔배기탕 제조 방법 |
CN102578628A (zh) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-07-18 | 杨明德 | 鱼胶冻馅的生产方法及应用 |
CN102613676A (zh) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-08-01 | 杨明德 | 凉粉凉皮食品馅料、制作方法及应用 |
KR101248618B1 (ko) | 2010-12-20 | 2013-03-28 | 한국식품연구원 | 마이크로파에 의한 젤라틴의 제조 방법 |
KR101702637B1 (ko) * | 2016-07-26 | 2017-02-06 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | 황다랑어 껍질 추출물을 포함하는 접착제 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5093474A (en) | 1988-08-04 | 1992-03-03 | Bar Ilan University | Process for the production of gelatin from fish skins |
KR20000048428A (ko) * | 1998-12-31 | 2000-07-25 | 로렌스 베어 | 어류 젤라틴의 제조방법 |
KR20030069951A (ko) * | 2003-08-04 | 2003-08-27 | 주식회사 젤텍 | 어류 젤라틴의 제조방법 |
JP2006160654A (ja) | 2004-12-06 | 2006-06-22 | Nitta Gelatin Inc | 魚ゼラチンの製造方法および魚ゼラチン |
-
2006
- 2006-12-21 KR KR1020060131532A patent/KR100805851B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5093474A (en) | 1988-08-04 | 1992-03-03 | Bar Ilan University | Process for the production of gelatin from fish skins |
KR20000048428A (ko) * | 1998-12-31 | 2000-07-25 | 로렌스 베어 | 어류 젤라틴의 제조방법 |
KR20030069951A (ko) * | 2003-08-04 | 2003-08-27 | 주식회사 젤텍 | 어류 젤라틴의 제조방법 |
JP2006160654A (ja) | 2004-12-06 | 2006-06-22 | Nitta Gelatin Inc | 魚ゼラチンの製造方法および魚ゼラチン |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101100411B1 (ko) | 2008-12-24 | 2011-12-30 | 대구가톨릭대학교산학협력단 | 커드형 돔배기탕 제조 방법 |
WO2011059277A2 (ko) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | Jang Yeo-Jin | 라면수프용 포장재의 제조방법 |
WO2011059277A3 (ko) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-09-22 | Jang Yeo-Jin | 라면수프용 포장재의 제조방법 |
KR101248618B1 (ko) | 2010-12-20 | 2013-03-28 | 한국식품연구원 | 마이크로파에 의한 젤라틴의 제조 방법 |
CN102578628A (zh) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-07-18 | 杨明德 | 鱼胶冻馅的生产方法及应用 |
CN102613676A (zh) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-08-01 | 杨明德 | 凉粉凉皮食品馅料、制作方法及应用 |
CN102613676B (zh) * | 2012-04-16 | 2015-04-08 | 杨明德 | 凉粉凉皮食品馅料、制作方法及应用 |
KR101702637B1 (ko) * | 2016-07-26 | 2017-02-06 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | 황다랑어 껍질 추출물을 포함하는 접착제 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR100805851B1 (ko) | 참치 껍질을 이용한 어류 젤라틴의 제조방법 | |
Poppe | Gelatin | |
EP1069138B1 (en) | Acidic protein foods with the use of pectins and process for the production thereof | |
DK2498618T3 (en) | Non-astringent protein products | |
JPH06505982A (ja) | コラーゲンの製造方法、この方法によって製造されたコラーゲン、およびコラーゲンの使用 | |
US20170369597A1 (en) | Phytoglycogen nanoparticles and methods of manufacture thereof using corn | |
KR20180085677A (ko) | 젤라틴 정제법 | |
CN113563458A (zh) | 一种非变性ii型胶原蛋白的制备方法 | |
CN112137035A (zh) | 一种高纤鸡蛋干及其制备方法 | |
WO2005082156A1 (ja) | 大豆たん白含有溶液乃至ゲル | |
JPH04207173A (ja) | 食物繊維含有デキストリンの製造法 | |
CN101736051B (zh) | 美洲帘蛤多糖的制备方法 | |
KR101388679B1 (ko) | 로얄 젤리를 함유하는 구미 식품 조성물 및 그 제조 방법 | |
JPH04210577A (ja) | コレステロール上昇抑制食品およびその製造方法 | |
JP3551366B2 (ja) | 低分子画分を高濃度に含むカキ抽出エキスおよびその製造方法 | |
CN112913961A (zh) | 一种稳定性高的凝胶型大豆蛋白的制备方法 | |
KR100839459B1 (ko) | 넙치 껍질 유래의 젤라틴 및 그 제조방법 | |
JP2002306120A (ja) | 酵母エキスの製造方法 | |
CN113197291A (zh) | 一种基于植物提取胶体的清洁标签果冻及制备方法 | |
CN111150087A (zh) | 一种包埋壁材以及微胶囊苦荞提取物、制备工艺 | |
CN106798009B (zh) | 一种添加凝胶性β-乳球蛋白制品的发酵乳及其制备方法 | |
CN110771906A (zh) | 一种香蕉皮水不溶性膳食纤维的制备方法 | |
RU2537525C1 (ru) | Способ получения йодированных пищевых волокон | |
RU2075944C1 (ru) | Способ получения белковой пищевой добавки | |
JPH10168097A (ja) | 糖質−蛋白質複合体およびその製造法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A201 | Request for examination | ||
PA0109 | Patent application |
Patent event code: PA01091R01D Comment text: Patent Application Patent event date: 20061221 |
|
PA0201 | Request for examination | ||
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
PE0902 | Notice of grounds for rejection |
Comment text: Notification of reason for refusal Patent event date: 20070822 Patent event code: PE09021S01D |
|
E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
PE0701 | Decision of registration |
Patent event code: PE07011S01D Comment text: Decision to Grant Registration Patent event date: 20080114 |
|
GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
PR0701 | Registration of establishment |
Comment text: Registration of Establishment Patent event date: 20080214 Patent event code: PR07011E01D |
|
PR1002 | Payment of registration fee |
Payment date: 20080215 End annual number: 3 Start annual number: 1 |
|
PG1601 | Publication of registration | ||
G170 | Re-publication after modification of scope of protection [patent] | ||
PG1701 | Publication of correction | ||
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20110214 Start annual number: 4 End annual number: 4 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20120213 Start annual number: 5 End annual number: 5 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20130205 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20130205 Start annual number: 6 End annual number: 6 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20140210 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20140210 Start annual number: 7 End annual number: 7 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20150204 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20150204 Start annual number: 8 End annual number: 8 |
|
LAPS | Lapse due to unpaid annual fee | ||
PC1903 | Unpaid annual fee |
Termination category: Default of registration fee Termination date: 20171125 |