KR100570640B1 - 바이폴러 플레이트용 복합재료 - Google Patents
바이폴러 플레이트용 복합재료 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100570640B1 KR100570640B1 KR1020030073640A KR20030073640A KR100570640B1 KR 100570640 B1 KR100570640 B1 KR 100570640B1 KR 1020030073640 A KR1020030073640 A KR 1020030073640A KR 20030073640 A KR20030073640 A KR 20030073640A KR 100570640 B1 KR100570640 B1 KR 100570640B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- aromatic
- bipolar plate
- monomer
- mold
- polybenzoxazine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical class O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 aromatic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,2-benzoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CNOC2=C1 CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical group C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 0 [*+]c1ccc(*c(cc2)ccc2N)cc1 Chemical compound [*+]c1ccc(*c(cc2)ccc2N)cc1 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical class C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical group OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0221—Organic resins; Organic polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0213—Gas-impermeable carbon-containing materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0226—Composites in the form of mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/003—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Phenolic Resins Or Amino Resins (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- 벤족사진 모노머를 중합하는 과정에서 도전성 탄소를 첨가하여 제조되는 것인, 폴리벤족사진(polybenzoxazine) 폴리머와 도전성 탄소를 포함하는 연료전지의 바이폴러 플레이트 성형용 복합재료.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 도전성 탄소는 카본 블랙, 수퍼 P(MMM사 제품), 케첸 블랙(ketjen black), 덴카 블랙(denka black), 아세틸렌 블랙, 써멀 블랙(thermal black), 채널 블랙(channel black), 활성탄소(activated carbon), 흑연 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 복합재료.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 폴리벤족사진은 방향족 디아민, 포름알데히드, 및 방향족 알코올을 포함하는 모노머 또는 방향족 디알코올, 포름알데히드 및 방향족 아민을 포함하는 모노머를 중합하여 제조되는 것인 복합재료.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 폴리벤족사진 대 도전성 탄소의 중량비는 1.5-2.5 : 1인 바이폴러 플레이트 성형용 복합재료.
- 방향족 디아민, 포름알데히드, 및 방향족 알코올을 포함하는 모노머 또는 방향족 디알코올, 포름알데히드 및 방향족 아민을 포함하는 모노머를 중합하면서 도전성 탄소를 첨가하여 혼합하고,부분적으로 중합반응이 진행되는 동안 바이폴러 플레이트용 몰드에 반응물을 주입하여 바이폴러 플레이트를 제조하는 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 몰드 주입시의 폴리벤족사진 폴리머의 부피에 비하여 몰드에서 생성된 폴리머의 부피 감소율이 5% 미만인 바이폴러 플레이트의 제조방법.
- 제6항에 있어서, 상기 몰드 주입시의 폴리벤족사진 폴리머의 부피에 비하여 몰드에서 생성된 폴리머의 부피 감소율이 3% 미만인 바이폴러 플레이트의 제조방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 몰드 주입시의 폴리벤족사진 폴리머의 부피에 비하여 몰드에서 생성된 폴리머의 부피 감소율이 1% 미만인 바이폴러 플레이트의 제조방법.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 모노머의 총량 대 도전성 탄소의 중량비는 1.5-2.5 : 1인 바이폴러 플레이트의 제조방법.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 모노머는 벤지딘, 페놀, 비스페놀 및 아닐린으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 바이폴러 플레이트의 제조방법.
- 제5항에 있어서, 상기 방향족 디아민, 포름알데히드, 및 방향족 알코올을 포함하는 모노머 및 방향족 디알코올, 포름알데히드 및 방향족 아민을 포함하는 모노머는 1:2:2의 반응몰비로 중합되는 것인 바이폴러 플레이트의 제조방법.
- 제5항 내지 제11항중 어느 하나의 항에 따라 제조된 바이폴러 플레이트.
- 제12항의 바이폴러 플레이트를 포함하는 연료전지.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020030073640A KR100570640B1 (ko) | 2003-10-22 | 2003-10-22 | 바이폴러 플레이트용 복합재료 |
US10/966,031 US7510678B2 (en) | 2003-10-22 | 2004-10-18 | Composite material for bipolar plate |
JP2004308710A JP4284263B2 (ja) | 2003-10-22 | 2004-10-22 | バイポーラプレート用複合材料,バイポーラプレートの製造方法,バイポーラプレート,および燃料電池 |
CNB200410087469XA CN1294668C (zh) | 2003-10-22 | 2004-10-22 | 一种用于双极板的复合材料 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020030073640A KR100570640B1 (ko) | 2003-10-22 | 2003-10-22 | 바이폴러 플레이트용 복합재료 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20050038353A KR20050038353A (ko) | 2005-04-27 |
KR100570640B1 true KR100570640B1 (ko) | 2006-04-12 |
Family
ID=34510997
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020030073640A Expired - Fee Related KR100570640B1 (ko) | 2003-10-22 | 2003-10-22 | 바이폴러 플레이트용 복합재료 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7510678B2 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP4284263B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100570640B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN1294668C (ko) |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100818254B1 (ko) | 2005-09-03 | 2008-03-31 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 폴리벤조옥사진계 화합물, 이를 포함한 전해질막 및 이를채용한 연료전지 |
EP1760110B1 (en) | 2005-09-03 | 2011-11-02 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Polybenzoxazine-based compound, electrolyte membrane including the same, and fuel cell employing the electrolyte membrane |
KR100754374B1 (ko) * | 2006-02-07 | 2007-08-31 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 폴리벤조옥사진계 화합물을 이용한 전해질막 및 그제조방법 |
US20070207369A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-09-06 | Park Benjamin Y | Miniature fuel cells comprised of miniature carbon fluidic plates |
KR100818255B1 (ko) | 2006-05-29 | 2008-04-02 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 폴리벤조옥사진계 화합물, 이를 포함한 전해질막 및 이를채용한 연료전지 |
KR101386162B1 (ko) * | 2006-07-21 | 2014-04-18 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료전지용 전극 및 이를 채용한 연료전지 |
KR100745741B1 (ko) | 2006-08-22 | 2007-08-02 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료전지용 막 전극 접합체 및 이를 채용한 연료전지 |
US8709288B2 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2014-04-29 | Sun Chemical Corporation | High conductive water-based silver ink |
KR100893523B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-15 | 2009-04-17 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료전지용 전극, 그 제조방법 및 이를 채용한 연료전지 |
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2003
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2004
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JP2005129534A (ja) | 2005-05-19 |
CN1610156A (zh) | 2005-04-27 |
US7510678B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 |
US20050089744A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
CN1294668C (zh) | 2007-01-10 |
JP4284263B2 (ja) | 2009-06-24 |
KR20050038353A (ko) | 2005-04-27 |
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