KR100295511B1 - 액체탄화수소분중의수은제거방법 - Google Patents
액체탄화수소분중의수은제거방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100295511B1 KR100295511B1 KR1019940035955A KR19940035955A KR100295511B1 KR 100295511 B1 KR100295511 B1 KR 100295511B1 KR 1019940035955 A KR1019940035955 A KR 1019940035955A KR 19940035955 A KR19940035955 A KR 19940035955A KR 100295511 B1 KR100295511 B1 KR 100295511B1
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- mercury
- liquid hydrocarbon
- compound
- powder
- calcium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 150000002731 mercury compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229940100892 mercury compound Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- -1 calcium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002730 mercury Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPKGQBIUYHHPOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu+2].[C-]#[C-] Chemical compound [Cu+2].[C-]#[C-] NPKGQBIUYHHPOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004434 industrial solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G53/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes
- C10G53/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only
- C10G53/08—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one sorption step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
- C10G25/003—Specific sorbent material, not covered by C10G25/02 or C10G25/03
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
- (a) 수은과 함께 약간의 수분 및 소정의 탄화수소 화합물보다 고분자량인 성분을 함유하는 액체 탄화수소분 중에서, 상기 고분자량 성분을 제거하는 공정과, (b) 상기 액체 탄화수소분 중에서 수분을 제거하는 공정과, 그 후 (c) 활성탄에 칼슘과 칼슘 화합물 중의 적어도 하나가 담지된 형태의 흡착제와 상기 액체 탄화수소분를 접촉시킴으로써, 상기 액체 탄화수소분 중에서 수은을 제거하는 공정으로 구성된 액체 탄화수소분 중의 수은 제거 방법.
- (1-a) 유기 수은 화합물을 함유하는 액체 탄화수소분을 고온열처리를 행하여 유기 수은 화합물의 대부분을 무기 수은 화합물 또는 원소상의 수은으로 변화시키는 공정과, 그 후 (c) 활성탄에 칼슘과 칼슘 화합물중의 적어도 하나가 담지된 형태의 흡착제를 상기 액체 탄화수소분과 접촉시켜 상기 액체 탄화수소분중에서 수은을 제거하는 공정으로 구성된 액체 탄화수소분중의 수은 제거방법.
- (1-a) 약간의 수분, 소정의 탄화수소 화합물보다 고분자량인 성분 및 유기 수은 화합물을 함유하는 액체 탄화수소분을 고온열처리를 행하여 유기 수은 화합물의 대부분을 무기 수은 화합물 또는 원소상의 수은으로 변화시키는 공정과, (a) 상기 액체 탄화수소분 중에서 상기 고분자량 성분을 제거하는 공정과, (b) 상기 액체 탄화수소분 중에서 수분을 제거하는 공정과, 그 후 (c) 활성탄에 칼슘과 칼슘 화합물중의 적어도 하나가 담지된 형태의 흡착제를 상기 액체 탄화수소분과 접촉시켜 상기 액체 탄화수소분중에서 수은을 제거하는 공정으로 구성된 액체 탄화수소분중의 수은 제거 방법.
- (1-a) 소정의 탄화수소 화합물 보다 고분자량인 성분 및 유기 수은 화합물을 함유하는 액체 탄화수소분을 고온열처리를 행하여 유기 수은 화합물의 대부분을 무기 수은 화합물 또는 원소상의 수은으로 변화시키는 공정과, (a) 상기 액체 탄화수소분 중에서 상기 고분자량 성분을 제거하는 공정과, 그 후 (c) 활성탄에 칼슘과 칼슘 화합물 중의 적어도 하나가 담지된 형태의 흡착제를 상기 액체 탄화수소분과 접촉시켜 상기 액체 탄화수소분중에서 수은을 제거하는 공정으로 구성된 액체 탄화수소분중의 수은 제거 방법.
- (1-a) 약간의 수분 및 유기 수은 화합물을 함유하는 액체 탄화수소분을 고온열처리를 행하여 유기 수은 화합물의 대부분을 무기 수은 화합물 또는 원소상의 수은으로 변화시키는 공정과, (b) 상기 액체 탄화수소분 중에서 수분을 제거하는 공정과, 그 후 (c) 활성탄에 칼슘과 칼슘 화합물 중의 적어도 하나가 담지된 형태의 흡착제를 상기 액체 탄화수소분과 접촉시켜 상기 액체 탄화수소분중에서 수은을 제거하는 공정으로 구성된 액체 탄화수소분중의 수은 제거 방법.
- 제2~5항중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 고온열처리(1~a)를 200~900℃의 온도범위에서 행하는 것이 특징인 액체 탄화수소분중의 수은 제거방법.
- 제1~5항중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 칼슘 화합물은 할로겐화 칼슘 또는 산화 칼슘인 것이 특징인 액체 탄화수소분 중의 수은 제거 방법.
- 제1~5항중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 활성탄의 입경은 4~120메쉬인 것이 특징인 액체 탄화수소분 중의 수은 제거방법.
- 제2~5항 중의 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 (1-a) 공정은 가열분해로에서 행하는 것이 특징인 액체 탄화수소분 중의 수은 제거방법.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP32438893 | 1993-12-22 | ||
JP93-324388 | 1993-12-22 | ||
JP6287766A JP2633484B2 (ja) | 1993-12-22 | 1994-11-22 | 液体炭化水素分中の水銀の除去方法 |
JP94-287766 | 1994-11-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR950018399A KR950018399A (ko) | 1995-07-22 |
KR100295511B1 true KR100295511B1 (ko) | 2001-10-24 |
Family
ID=26556871
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019940035955A Expired - Lifetime KR100295511B1 (ko) | 1993-12-22 | 1994-12-22 | 액체탄화수소분중의수은제거방법 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5510565A (ko) |
EP (1) | EP0659869B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2633484B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100295511B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN1049918C (ko) |
AU (1) | AU684574B2 (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2138562C (ko) |
DE (1) | DE69418162T2 (ko) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100374577B1 (ko) * | 1997-01-13 | 2003-05-12 | 다이요엔지니아링구 가부시키가이샤 | 탄화수소분획중의미량금속의흡착제거방법 |
Families Citing this family (45)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5989506A (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 1999-11-23 | Uop Llc | Process for the removal and recovery of mercury from hydrocarbon streams |
US6117333A (en) * | 1997-04-22 | 2000-09-12 | Union Oil Company Of California | Removal of hydrocarbons, mercury and arsenic from oil-field produced water |
JPH11181447A (ja) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-07-06 | Taiyo Engineering Kk | 炭化水素油中の水銀の除去方法 |
JP4301676B2 (ja) * | 2000-02-09 | 2009-07-22 | 日本インスツルメンツ株式会社 | 炭化水素中の水銀測定方法および装置 |
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1994
- 1994-11-22 JP JP6287766A patent/JP2633484B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-20 CA CA002138562A patent/CA2138562C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-21 EP EP94309643A patent/EP0659869B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-21 DE DE69418162T patent/DE69418162T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-21 US US08/360,428 patent/US5510565A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-21 AU AU81696/94A patent/AU684574B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-12-22 KR KR1019940035955A patent/KR100295511B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-22 CN CN94120736A patent/CN1049918C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR100374577B1 (ko) * | 1997-01-13 | 2003-05-12 | 다이요엔지니아링구 가부시키가이샤 | 탄화수소분획중의미량금속의흡착제거방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69418162D1 (de) | 1999-06-02 |
JPH07228874A (ja) | 1995-08-29 |
DE69418162T2 (de) | 1999-08-19 |
AU8169694A (en) | 1995-06-29 |
CN1049918C (zh) | 2000-03-01 |
EP0659869B1 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
EP0659869A1 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
JP2633484B2 (ja) | 1997-07-23 |
KR950018399A (ko) | 1995-07-22 |
US5510565A (en) | 1996-04-23 |
CN1109906A (zh) | 1995-10-11 |
CA2138562A1 (en) | 1995-06-23 |
CA2138562C (en) | 2005-07-26 |
AU684574B2 (en) | 1997-12-18 |
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