JPH05507215A - 体腔内への固定装置 - Google Patents
体腔内への固定装置Info
- Publication number
- JPH05507215A JPH05507215A JP91509370A JP50937091A JPH05507215A JP H05507215 A JPH05507215 A JP H05507215A JP 91509370 A JP91509370 A JP 91509370A JP 50937091 A JP50937091 A JP 50937091A JP H05507215 A JPH05507215 A JP H05507215A
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- Prior art keywords
- stent
- portions
- axial length
- diameter
- length
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/852—Two or more distinct overlapping stents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2002/826—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents more than one stent being applied sequentially
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/848—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents having means for fixation to the vessel wall, e.g. barbs
- A61F2002/8486—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents having means for fixation to the vessel wall, e.g. barbs provided on at least one of the ends
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2220/0008—Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2220/0008—Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
- A61F2220/0016—Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body with sharp anchoring protrusions, e.g. barbs, pins, spikes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes
- A61F2230/0073—Quadric-shaped
- A61F2230/0078—Quadric-shaped hyperboloidal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0023—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in porosity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/006—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for modular
- A61F2250/0063—Nested prosthetic parts
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるため要約のデータは記録されません。
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
体腔内への固定装置
技術分野
本発明は、身体埋込み装置、特に、体腔内に長期間又は恒久的に固定することを
目的とする補綴具及び移植片に関するものである。
従来の技術
種々の患者の治療及び診断方法は、患者の体内に挿入される装置を使用し、これ
ら装置の一部を恒久的に埋め込む段階を含んでいる。こうした装置として、例え
ば、米国特許第4.655.771号(ウォルステン(fallsten) )
に開示されたような経内腔埋込み型補綴具又は移植片がある。該ウォルステンの
特許に記載された補綴具は、糸要素をら旋状に巻き付けて形成した可撓性の管状
編組み構造体である。補綴具の両端の把持部材が補綴具を最初にカテーテルに固
着し、基端の把持部材が末梢方向に移動し、補綴具をバルーンの形状にすること
が出来る。展開させるときは、把持部材及びカテーテルを除去し、補綴具が僅か
に膨張するとき、該補綴具が略円筒状の形状となり、血管壁又はその他の組織に
略適合するようにする。別の補綴具が米国特許第4.681110号(ウィクト
ウル(Wiktor) )に開示されている。可撓性プラスチックから成る編組
みストランドにて形成される可撓性の管状ライナーを大動脈内に挿入することが
出来、その結果、該ライナーが動脈溜に対して自然膨張し、血液を動脈溜を経て
流動させる。ウォルステン及びウィクトウルの編組みステントは、半径方向に膨
張するとき軸方向に収縮する。
別の弾性的なステントが、米国特許第4.830.003号(ウォルフ(Wol
ff)等)に開示されている。該ステントは、共に対に溶接した一連の略長手方
向ワイヤーを備えており、各対のワイヤーは「V字形」に曲げられている。編組
みステントと同様、このステントは半径方向に膨張するとき、軸方向の長さが短
くなる。
又、可塑的に変形可能な材料にて形成された補綴具もある。米国特許第4.73
3゜665号(パルマス(Palmaz) )は血管形成バルーンを使用して半
径方向に膨張させた経内腔血管移植片を開示している。これら移植片はワイヤー
メ、ソシュ管であり、半径方向に膨張するとき軸方向長さが短くなる。米国特許
第4.800.882号(ギアンツルコ(Gianturco) )は、対向す
るループを形成するように複数の蛇行状の曲がり部分を有するワイヤーにて形成
されたステントを特徴としている。
バルーンを膨張させ、軸方向に著しく短くせずに、ステントを半径方向に膨張さ
せる。
補綴具の設計の更に別のアプローチが米国特許第3.868.956号(アルフ
ィディ(Alfidi)等)に記載されている。アルフィデイ等の特許は、円筒
状スリーブにより相互に結束された複数の略長手方向ワイヤーを備えるストレー
ナ又はスクリーンを開示している。これらワイヤーは埋め込みのため長手方向の
直線状の形状に変形可能である。埋め込んだならば、該装置を加熱する。ワイヤ
ーを形成する金1it(例えばニチロール合金)の回復特性のため、加熱により
ワイヤーの両端は半径方向外方に広がり、これにより装置を所望の位置に固着す
る。半径方向への膨張又は収縮に拘わらず、一定の軸方向長さを維持する手段を
備えるステントがヘリカルコイルばねの形態の補綴具として米国特許第4.55
3.545号(マース(MaaSS)等)に開示されている。一実施例において
、ばねの一定の軸方向長さが維持されており、ばねの両端は相互に関して回転さ
せ、ばねピッチ及び半径を変化させる。別のアプローチは、ばね材料に対してば
ねのより圧縮された部分からの「一定の長さ」部分を提供することにより、ばね
の所定の部分に亙り一定のピッチを維持することを内容とするものである。各場
合において、ばねは、弾性的であり、半径方向に膨張した形態を提供する回復力
を備えることが望ましい。
自然膨張式ステント又は補綴具は、可塑的に変形させた装置よりも望ましいこと
が多い。弾性的ステントは、拡張バルーン又はその他のステント膨張手段を使用
せずに展開させることが出来る。自然膨張式ステントは、血管又はその他の固定
箇所の径に従って予め選択することが出来る。展開には補綴具を位置決めする技
術が必要であるが、バルーンを適正に拡張させ、補綴具を選択した径に可塑的に
膨張させる更なる技術は不要である。又、かかる自然膨張装置は、固定後、少な
くとも僅かに圧縮した状態を維持し、従って、急角度の固定を促進する回復力を
備えている。これに反し、可塑的に膨張させるステントは、変形させた組織の回
復力又はフック、引掛は部(バーブ)又はその他の独立的な固定手段を利用しな
ければならない。
上述のウォルステンの特許におけるように、多数の編組みしかつら旋状に巻いた
ストランド又は単繊維にて補綴具を形成することにより、更に別の利点が得られ
る。単繊維自体は回復力を備えており、この回復力により単繊維は、ステントが
固定される体腔の組織壁に圧接され、これにより、該体腔を開放状態に維持する
。これと同時に、隣接する単繊維間には十分なスペースが得られ、ステントの組
織内への埋め込みを促進し、長期間の固定を容易にする繊維状の成長を促進する
。この構造の更に別の利点は、展開中に補綴具が例えば、通常の径(即ち、外力
を受けないときの弛緩した状態の径)の約1/4程度、顕著に半径方向に収縮す
ることを許容する点である。これにより、補綴具を固定箇所に向けて狭小な血管
又はその他の障害物を経て展開させることが容易となる。
これと同時に、半径方向に収縮するに伴い、顕著に軸方向に延伸する。ステント
はその半径方向への拘束状態から自由になったならば、該ステントは自然膨張す
るとき、軸方向に著しく収縮し又はその長さが短くなる。このように、半径方向
に膨張するステントの軸方向長さが短くなると赤、組織に沿って軸方向に摩擦又
は擦り動作が行われる。固定領域の組織が更に付勢して、補綴具をより長期間、
半径方向に膨張させる場合、かかる膨張により、更に軸方向の長さが短くなりか
つ拭き動作が行われ、組織の損傷の虞れを更に大きくする。更に別の欠点は、ス
テントがその固定中、予想以上に半径方向に膨張し、その保持長さが所期の又は
最小の必要な軸方向長さを下廻ることである。これと同様に、可塑的に変形可能
なステントは、予想される以上の半径方向への膨張及び軸方向長さの短縮を必要
とする。
故に、本発明の一つの目的は、半径方向に自然膨張するとき、その軸方向の長さ
を略維持し得る開放した織物状のら旋状でかつ編組みした構造の補綴具を提供す
ることである。
本発明の別の目的は、少なくとも2つのステント部分から成り、断面の重なり合
い領域の軸方向長さが可変であり、ステントの非重なり合い端部間の均一な軸方
向の分離状態を維持し得る半径方向に膨張する管状ステントを提供することであ
る。
本発明の更に別の目的は、ステントの両端に設けられ、ステントを身体組織に固
定する手段と組み合わせて、軸方向長さが可変である中間部分を備えるステント
であって、該ステントか半径方向に膨張し又は収縮する間、身体組織が2つの端
部分の軸方向への分離状態を略一定に維持し得るようにしたステントを提供する
ことである。
発明の開示事項
上記及びその他の目的を達成するため、ステントを形成し得るように摺動可能に
係合した同軸状の第1及び第2の開放した織物ステント部分を備える身体に埋込
み可能な装置が提供される。該ステント部分は、相互に重なり合い、ステントの
中間領域を形成するそれぞれの同心状の第1及び第2の軸方向内方部分に沿って
係合する。更に、該ステント部分は、ステントのそれぞれの対向する第1及び第
2の端部を有し、第1及び第2の対向する軸方向外方の非重なり合い部分を備え
ている。該ステント部分は、少なくとも軸方向内方部分に沿って所定の第1の径
及び所定の第1の軸方向長さを備えている。ステント部分は、半径方向に圧縮し
、第1の径以下の第2の径及び第1の軸方向長さより長い第2の軸方向長さとな
り、ステントを軸方向に体腔内に挿入し、体腔に沿った所定の位置に供給し、そ
の後、ステントを体腔を画成する空洞壁部分に固定することが出来る。ステント
は、その固定中に半径方向に膨張する。第1及び第2の軸方向内方部分は、半径
方向に膨張する間に相互に向けて摺動し、中間領域の軸方向長さを短(する。
このようにして、ステントは、半径方向に膨張する間、略一定の軸方向長さを維
持する。
好適なアプローチは、自然膨張型ステントの外端、例えば、該ステントの軸方向
外方領域に沿ったそれぞれの第1及び第2の広がった外端部分を固定する手段を
使用する。これら第1及び第2の端部は、ステントが弛緩状態にあるとき、第1
の径より大きい径を備えており、圧縮されたとき、ステントの他の部分に比べて
キャビテイ壁部分に対しより大きい回復力を作用させる傾向となる。端部径は、
中間領域の径より5%以上大きくし、組織の壁部分に沿った空洞の比較的一定の
径に対して著しく異なる回復力が作用するようにする必要がある。
これと別に、各ステント部分の外端部分は、中間領域と同一径であるが、より大
きい径の単繊維にて形成し、単繊維を更に巻き付ける等の方法により、半径方向
への収縮に対する剛性又は抵抗力を中間領域におけるよりも増大させることが出
来る。更に別の実施例は、例えば、フックのような固定要素をステントの両端に
設けることである。
ステントの両端を強固に固定することと相俟つて、ステント部分を半径方向に圧
縮し又は供給形態にしたとき、中間の略重なり合い領域が提供される。例えば、
該重なり合い領域は、圧縮したステントの軸方向長さの3/4以上を占めること
が出来る。次に、ステントの展開時、両ステント部分は半径方向に膨張しかつ軸
方向の長さが短くなる。ステントの外端を固定した状態にて、軸方向への長さの
短縮は中間領域に沿ってのみ行われ、重なり合い領域の長さを著しく短くするが
、ステントの両端の所望の軸方向への分離状態を維持する。
編組みし、ら旋状に巻き付けたストランド又は単繊維の開放した織物が管状ステ
ントの好適な構造体である。該開放した織物構造体により、ステントは例えば供
給中、その径の少なくとも3倍の一定の径まで略自然に膨張することが可能であ
る。勿論、その結果、これに対応して、各ステント部分の軸方向長さが著しく短
縮するが、ステントの重なり合う中間領域が存在するため、その全体的な軸方向
長さは実質的に一定である。
柔軟カテーテルは、ステントの供給及び展開に適した装置である。特に、柔軟シ
ースは、カテーテルの少なくとも末端部分を囲繞し、末端先端を越えて伸長し、
同様にステント部分を囲繞し、これらステント部分を半径方向に圧縮された供給
形態に維持する。カテーテルには、内腔を設けることが出来、該内腔を通じてガ
イドワイヤを挿入し、カテーテル及び圧縮したステントが血管又はその他の体乎
を経て固定領域に移動するのを容易にすることが出来る。カテーテルを正確に挿
入し、ステントを所望の固定位置に位置決めしたならば、外側シースを基端方向
に引き出し、ステントがカテーテルに当接し、固着されてシースと共に基端方向
に移動しないように固着する。ステントの末端部分が最初に自然膨張し、組織に
対して膨張するとき、該末端部分はステント部分を基端方向に移動しないように
固着する。ステントの一端が組織によって拘束され、その他端が静止カテーテル
により拘束された状態のときのステントの軸方向長さは略一定である。ステント
部分の半径方向への膨張に伴ってステント部分の軸方向への長さが短縮する結果
、中間領域の長さが短くなり、全体的な軸方向長さを一定に維持する傾向が得ら
れる。
固定後、組織部分が更に付勢される結果、ステントは更に半径方向に膨張出来る
。しかし、ステントの両端は固着されており、ステント部分の軸方向への長さが
短縮することにより、中間の重なり合い領域のみが影響を受ける。このように、
ステントが半径方向に自然膨張するとき、ステントの長さが短くなるという望ま
しくない欠点を伴わずに、開放した織物構造体の利点が維持される。
図面の簡単な説明
上記及びその他の特徴及び利点を一層良く理解し得るようにするため、添付図面
を参照しつつ、本発明の実施例について詳細に説明する。ここにおいて、図1は
本発明に従って構成された身体埋込み装置の側面図である。
図2は埋め込み装置を半径方向に圧縮した状態に保持するカテーテル及びシース
の側面図である。
図3は該身体埋込み装置、カテーテル及びシースの端面図である。
図4は身体埋込み装置を体腔内に展開させる状態を示す側断面図である。
図5は体腔内に固定された身体埋込み装置の側面図である。
図6は弛緩し又は半径方向に完全に膨張状態にあるときの別の実施例の身体埋込
み装置の側面図である。
図7は膨張し又は弛緩状態にある更に別の実施例の身体埋込み装置の側面図であ
る。
図8は半径方向に圧縮した状態にある更に別の実施例の身体埋込み装置を示す側
面図である。
図9は膨張した状態にある図8の身体埋込み装置の側面図である。
図10は半径方向に圧縮した状態にある更に別の実施例の身体埋込み装置を示す
側面図である。
図11は半径方向に膨張した状態の図10の身体埋込み装置の側面図である。
発明を実施するための手法
図面を参照すると、図1には、身体埋込み型補綴具又はステント16が図示しで
ある。該ステント16は、例えば身体適合可能なステンレス鋼、又は、例えばポ
リプロピレン、ポリウレタン、ポリスルホン又はポリエステルのようなエラスト
マーの如き弾性的材料から成るら旋状に巻きかつ編組みしたストランド又は単繊
維18から形成された開放したメツシュ又は織物構造体を備えている。
ステント16は、同軸状のステント基端部分20及びステント末端部分22を備
えている。中間領域24は、ステントの基端部分20及び末端部分22のそれぞ
れの軸方向内方部分が重なり合うことにより形成される。これらステント基端部
分及び末端部分の軸方向外方の非重なり合い部分は、それぞれ符号30.32で
示しである。ステントの両端には、各々、ステントの全長に亙って公称半径より
大きい半径の広がった端部34.36がある。後で説明するように、これら広が
った端部34.36は、ステントの基端部分20及び末端部分22が固定中に半
径方向に自然膨張しかつ軸方向に収縮する場合でさえ、ステント16の一定の全
体的な軸方向長さを維持するのに有用な固定機能を備えている。
図1にて、ステント16は、該ステント16を半径方向に収縮させる外力が全く
加えられていないその弛緩状態で示しである。ステント16は外力を受けないと
き、図2及び図3に示した径より遥かに大きい径となるという意味で自然膨張型
である。これら図面において、該ステント16は該ステント16を囲繞する柔軟
でかつ絶縁性のシース38により弾性的に変形されかつ半径方向に縮小した形態
に維持されている。
図2にその末端領域のみを示した細長くかつ柔軟なカテーテル40は、ステント
の基端に当接する末端先端42を備えている。シース38の基端部分は、カテ−
チルの末端領域を囲繞する。カテーテル40は先端42に開口し、カテーテルの
全長に沿って伸長する中央内腔44を備えており、液体の形態の薬剤をカテーテ
ル基端の供給源からカテーテルの末端先端まで供給する。内腔44はガイドワイ
ヤー(図示せず)の使用を更に容易にし、該ガイドワイヤーはその末端によりス
テント16に対する所望の固定箇所まで血管を通じて挿入することが出来る。
ガイドワイヤーが適所にあるとき、カテーテル40、ステント16及びシース3
8は、ガイドワイヤーが内腔44内に収容された状態でガイドワイヤーの基端を
囲繞するように位置決めされる。次いで、カテーテル、シース及びステントはガ
イドワイヤーにより末端方向に移動させ又は前進させて固定位置に進め、その後
、ガイドワイヤーを引き抜くことが出来る。
シース38はシリコンゴム又はその他の適当な生物学的に適合可能な材料にて形
成することが望ましく、少なくともカテーテルの末端領域又は所望であれば、カ
テーテルの全長に沿ってステント及びカテーテルを囲繞する。シース38はカテ
ーテル、シース及びステントを血管を通じて挿入するのを容易にするのに薄いが
、ストランド18の回復力に抗してステント16を縮小した半径、即ち供給形態
に維持するのに十分な厚さであることが望ましい。カテーテル、ステント及びシ
ースを含む組立体の外径は約2.3mmとする。
ステント16は、血管又はその他の体腔内の補綴具又は移植片として使用するの
に特に適している。ステントの1つの有利な適用例は、経皮的冠状動脈形成(P
TCA)術に使用することである。かかる血管形成術は、冠状動脈バイパス手術
に比べてコスト及び危険性とも著しく小さいが、バルーン血管形成法により開放
した閉塞通路の約30%までが急激に閉塞し、狭窄部位が再発することは非常な
問題である。ステント16を治療前の閉塞領域に沿って血管内に固定することに
より、この領域を恒久的に開放した状態に維持することが可能となる。
組織壁部分48を有する血管46内にステント16を固定することは、ステント
、カテーテル及びシースを図2及び図3に示した供給形態にて血管を通じて挿入
することから開始する。縮小した半径のため、ステント16が血管に沿った所定
の固定位置に達するまで、この組立体を血管46を通じて挿入することが容易で
ある。例えば、ステント、シース又はカテーテルに1又は2以上の放射線不透過
性マーキングを使用することにより、ステントの適正な位置決めを確認したなら
ば、シース38をカテーテル40に関して基端方向に動かす。
末端先端42がステント16に当接しているため、カテーテルは、シース38を
引き抜くとき、ステントが該シース38と共に基端方向に移動するのを阻止する
。このように、図4に示すように、ステント16はその軸方向長さの増大する末
端部分の上方にてシース38が存在しなくなる。各ステント部分20122が自
由になると、これらステント部分20.22は組織の壁部分48に接触するまで
半径方向に自然膨張し、次に、組織の壁部分により半径方向内方に付与される回
復力により半径方向に膨張する傾向が阻止されるまで、更に僅かに半径方向に膨
張する。図5に図示したこの平衡状態にて、ステントは図1に示した弛緩形態ま
で完全に半径方向に膨張せず、ステントを血管46内の固定位置に維持する傾向
となる回復力を作用させる。
本発明の顕著な特徴は、広がった端部34.36により得られる固定状態と相俟
って、ステント部分20,22を同心状にかっ摺動可能に取り付は得ることであ
る。シース38を最初に引き出す間、末端の広がった端部36は、組織の壁部分
48に遭遇する最初の部分である。その大きい公称(弛緩状態の)径のため、広
がった端部36は、この部分の軸方向外方部分32の他の部分よりも幾分より半
径方向に膨張し、組織の壁部分に対して半径方向外方に比較的より大きい復帰力
を作用させる。従って、ステントの末端部分22が半径方向への膨張に伴って、
例えば、100mmの長さから50mmの固定長さまで供給されたとき、軸方向
への長さが短くなることは、軸方向内方部分28が図4に示すように末端方向又
は右方向に略完全に移動することにより生ずる。ステント部分20,22が摺動
可能に係合することにより、基端部分20がカテーテル4oに関して略固定され
ている間にかかる基端方向への移動が可能となる。
シース38を更に引き抜くと、基端部分20は同様に、半径方向に膨張しかつそ
の軸方向長さが短(なる。図4に図示するように、ステント部分2oの軸方向外
方部分30の多くは、シース38内に半径方向に圧縮されたままであり、カテー
テルに関して固定されている。従って、半径方向に膨張する間にステント基端部
分20が軸方向に収縮することは、その軸方向内方部分が基端方向に移動するこ
とにより略完全に行われる。これは、勿論ステント部分を相互に対して更に摺動
させることを含み、中間の重なり合い領域24の軸方向長さを更に短縮させる。
図2及び図5から明らかであるように、符号rLJで表示したステント16の軸
方向全長は、ステントが展開状態にあるか、又は半径方向に膨張し、平衡又は固
定状態にあるか否かに関係なく略一定である。ステント基端部分20及びステン
ト末端部分22の長さは、各々平衡状態にて著しく短い。しかし、軸方向長さが
短くなる結果、図2のステントの全長の3/4以上を占める中間の重なり合い領
域24の長さは著しく短くなり、図5のステントの全長の約115程度の長さと
なる。
最終的に、ストランド18を組織の壁部分48内に埋め込み、ストランド間及び
ストランドの周囲にて組織を繊維状に成長させ、ステントを固着することにより
、ステント16は恒久的に固定される。この固定方法は、数週間の間荷われ、そ
の間、組織の壁部分48は屈曲してステントを更に半径方向に膨張させ、ステン
ト部分20.22の軸方向長さを更に短くさせることが出来る。しかし、この更
に軸方向への収縮の結果、同様、中間の重なり合い領域が更に短(なるため、軸
方向長さrLJは略一定である。広がった端部34.36が組織に対して比較的
大きい回復力を作用させ、これにより、ステントの中央部分に比べて端部をより
確実に固着するため、軸方向への収縮は中間領域に沿って生じる。このように、
ステントの全長は、固定中及び固定直後のみならず、繊維がステントを恒久的に
固着するときまでの中間の間も維持される。
図6には、別の実施例のステント52が図示されており、同様に、同心状でかつ
摺動可能に接続されたステントの基端部分及び末端部分は54.56で示しであ
る。これらステント部分の軸方向内方部分は重なり合って、中間領域58を形成
する。ステント52はら旋状に巻きかつ編組みした単繊維60から成る開放メツ
シュ又は繊物構造体を備えている。
その弛緩した状態、即ち、非応力状態で示したステント52は、その両端に半径
方向外方への広がり部分を備えていない。広がった端部に代えて、ステント部分
54.56の各々は、その軸方向外端に編組みした単繊維6oに接続された複数
の強化ストランド62を備えており、それぞれの基端及び末端の強化端部領域6
4.66を形成する。強化ストランド62は、基部の単繊維と同一構造とするこ
とが出来るが、必ずしもそうする必要はない。何れの場合でも、強化ストランド
62は半径方向圧縮力に対して更に弾性的抵抗力を付与し、その結果、ステント
52を所定の弾性力で半径方向に圧縮するためには、強化端部領域64.66に
は、これら領域の中間に付与することを要するカよりも大きい力を付与すること
を必要とする。
ステント52はステント16に関して上述した方法にて展開させることが出来る
。ステント52を血管又はその他の体腔内に適正に位置決めした後、シース38
と同様の囲繞シースをそのステント52との囲繞関係がら基端方向に引き出し、
ステント52が半径方向に自然膨張し、空洞を形成する組織と接触するのを許容
する。同様に、ステント52は体腔の径より大きい公称径(弛緩状態にて)を備
えるものを選択し、その結果、基部単繊維6o及び強化ストランド62が完全に
膨張する前に組織に係合し、身体組織により完全に膨張する手前の状態に拘束さ
れ、ステントの回復力と身体組織の反対方向に作用する回復力とを平衡状態にさ
せる。ステントがかかる平衡状態にあるとき(ステント16に関して図5に図示
するように)、強化端部領域64.66はステントの他の部分から僅かに半径方
向外方に広がるようにすることが出来るが、広がらないようにしてもよい。何れ
の場合でも、強化端部領域における回復力は、ステントの全長の他の部分の長さ
に沿った回復力を上層る。従って、ステント52の両端は、身体組織に関してそ
の軸方同位置決め状態を確実に保持し、軸方向への収縮は中間領域58の長さの
著しい短縮として行われる。
図7には、ステントの軸方向長さを維持する更に別のアプローチが図示されてお
り、この場合、摺動可能に相互接続されかつ同軸状のステントの基端部分74及
び末端部分76を有するステント72の両端に複数の固定フック7oが設けられ
ている。該固定フック7oは、幾分かの損傷の虞れを生じ、上述の別の固定手段
よりもその適用分野は狭い。しかし、固定フック70は、ステント72の両端を
体腔内に確実にかつ迅速に固定する。その後、ステント部分74.76が半径方
向に膨張しかつ軸方向に収縮することは、中間領域78の長さを短くし、ステン
トの全長を維持する働きをする。
図8及び図9には、基端部分82と、末端部分84と、該基端部分82及び該末
端部分84に摺動可能に係合する中心部分86とを有する更に別の実施例のステ
ント、即ち補綴具80が図示されている。これら補綴具80の3つの部分は、全
て編組み単繊維から成る上述の開放したメツシュ又は織物構造体を備えている。
このように、ステント80は、その基端88と末端90との中間に2つの重なり
合い領域、即ち、基端寄りの中間領域92及び末端寄りの中間領域94を備えて
いる。中央部分86は、便宜上その他の部分よりも小さい半径で示しであるが、
これら全ての部分の半径は略同−であることが望ましい。
図9には、弛緩し又は半径方向に膨張した状態のステント80が示しである。
これら部分82.84.86の各々は、縮小した軸方向寸法及びより大きい半径
を備えている。しかし、基端88と末端90との間の軸方向距離は略等しく、実
質的に、全ての軸方向収縮の結果、中間の重なり合い領域92.94の軸方向寸
法は著しく縮小する。
補綴具80は、その他の実施例に関して上述した方法にて展開させることが出来
る。補綴具を血管又はその他の体腔内に所望通りに位置決めした後、囲繞するシ
ースを補綴具に対する囲繞関係から摺動可能に引き出し又は折り畳み、該シース
が半径方向に自然膨張し、空洞を形成する組織壁部分(図示せず)に接触するの
を許容する。勿論、体腔の径は、補綴具の公称径又は半径方向に膨張した径より
小さいはずである。補綴具80は、上述のフック、強化端部又は広がり端部のよ
うな特別な端部固定構造体を一切利用しない。該補綴具は、上述の部分の自然膨
張及び復帰力により位置決めされ、特に、その展開中及びシース等から開放され
るときであるが固定後に、その相対的位置を維持する。ある型式の端部固定手段
を使用すれば、ステントの一定の軸方向長さを維持するのが容易になるが、この
アプローチは、上述の2つの部分から成るステントに適したものであることに留
意すべきである。所望であれば、端部88.90に固定構造体を設けることも可
能である。
図10及び図11には、中間領域102に沿って摺動可能に係合しかつ重なり合
う基端部分98及び末端部分100を有する更に別の実施例のステント96が示
しである。ストランド又はワイヤー104がステント96に対して平行に伸長し
、それぞれ基端110及び末端112付近にて箇所106.108に固着される
。ワイヤー104は、ステントを固定箇所に供給する間、ステント部分98.1
00と共に屈曲するのに十分可撓性である。しかし、該ワイヤー104は軸方向
に剛性で、略延伸不能である。従って、ステント部分98.100が図10に図
示するように半径方向に拘束され、又は図11に図示するように半径方向に膨張
するか否かを問わず、ワイヤー104は基端110及び末端112を一定の軸方
向に分離した状態に維持する。ワイヤー104がステント96の全長が確実にに
決定されるが、ステント部分98.100が軸方向に収縮する結果、中間の重な
り合い領域102が縮小する。1又は2以上のワイヤー104を設けかつ固着す
ることにより、その他の実施例に比べてステント96のコストは増大するが、該
ワイヤー104により、固定中の半径方向への膨張程度に関係なく、ステントの
長さは一定に維持される。
上述の実施例は、全て自然膨張型ステント、即ち補綴具用の弾性的な単繊維から
成る織物又は編組み構造体を特徴とする。これとは別に、ステントは可塑的に変
形可能なストランドにて形成することも出来る。かかるステントは、縮小した半
径の形態にて供給し、位置決め後、例えば、上述のパルメツツの特許におけるよ
うにカテーテルバルーン等を拡張させ、半径方向に膨張させる。更に、上述の実
施例は血管に採用されるが、これらステントの設計は、例えば尿道、胆管又は気
管のようなその他の体腔にも適したものであることを理解すべきである。フック
、強化ストランド又は外方に広がった端部分を使用して外端を固定するか否かに
関係な(、係合したステント部分の半径方向への拡張及びそれに伴う軸方向への
収縮による影響を受けることな(、ステントの軸方向への全長は略一定に維持さ
れる。従って、展開させ、固定したその後の数週間、軸方向への長さの短縮に伴
う欠点を生ずることなく、ら旋状に巻き、編組みした単繊維の機能上の利点が達
成される。
FIG、4
FIG、8
FIG、9
FIG、10
FIG、11
要約書
身体埋込み可能なステントは2又はそれ以上の略管状かつ同軸状であり、摺動可
能に接続されたステント織物部分から成る。該ステント織物部分の各々は弾性的
な材料の多数の編組みしたら旋状に巻いたストランドにて形成される開放した織
物構造体である。該ステントは、展開させるとき、弾性的に変形して縮小半径と
なる。位置決め後に開放したとき、該ステントは半径方向に自然膨張し、血管又
はその他の体腔を画成する組織壁部分に接触する。各ステント織物部分が半径方
向に膨張するとき、該ステント織物部分は軸方向に収縮する。ステント織物部分
が軸方向に収縮するのに拘わらず、ステントの一定の長さを維持するため、ステ
ントの軸方向外方及び非電なり合い部分は、例えば半径方向外方法がり部分のよ
うな組織の壁部分に確実に固定され得るように設計することが出来る。従って、
隣接するステント織物部分が重なり合う箇所である中間領域の長さが短くなると
き、軸方向に収縮する。軸方向長さを維持する別のアプローチは強化単繊維をス
テントの両端付近に配置し、回復力を増大させ、ステントの両端に固定フックを
設け、細長い軸方向を向いた可撓性でかつ延伸不能なワイヤーをステントの両端
に固着することを含む。
国際調査報告
Ie+s+*自+lsamAm−1−喚N@口rrハKOI/nフQC+A国際
調査報告
US 91028sa
S^ 47933
国際調査報告
IIs 9102854
S^ 47933
Claims (10)
- 1.体腔内への固定装置にして、 相互に重なり合い、ステント(16)の中間領域(24)を形成するそれぞれの 第1及び第2の軸方向内方部分に沿って摺動可能に係合した略管状でかつ同軸状 の第1及び第2の開放したステント織物部分(20、22)を有するステント( 16)を備え、 前記ステント織物部分(20、22)が、前記ステント(16)のそれぞれの対 向する第1及び第2の端部(34、36)を有するそれぞれの非重なり合い第1 及び第2の軸方向外方領域(30、32)を更に備え、前記ステント織物部分( 20、22)が、少なくとも前記軸方向内方部分に沿って、所定の第1の径及び 所定の第1の軸方向長さを備え、前記ステント織物部分(20、22)が、前記 第1の径より小さい第2の径に、及び前記第1の軸方向長さより長い第2の軸方 向長さに半径方向に圧縮可能であり、前記ステント(16)を体腔内に軸方向に 挿入し、該体腔に沿った選択された位置に供給し、その後、前記ステント織物部 分(20、22)を前記体腔を画成する組織壁部分と係合させることにより、前 記ステント(16)を体腔内に固定し、前記ステント織物部分(20、22)が 半径方向に膨張し、前記係合状態となるとき、前記第1及び第2の軸方向内方部 分が相互に関して摺動し、前記中間領域(24)の軸方向長さを短くし、これに より、前記半径方向への膨張中、前記ステント(16)の略一定の軸方向長さを 維持することを特徴とする装置。
- 2.請求項1に記載の装置にして、 前記ステント織物部分(20、22)の各々が、弾性的で身体適合可能な材料の 単繊維(18)をら旋状に巻いて形成した開放織物構造体であることを特徴とす る装置。
- 3.請求項に2記載の装置にして、 前記第1の端部(34)及び第2の端部(36)を前記組織壁部分に固定する手 段を更に備えることを特徴とする装置。
- 4.請求項3に記載の装置にして、 前記ステント織物部分(20、22)が可撓性であり、外力を受けないとき、前 記所定の第1の径及び第1の軸方向長さを備え、前記第2の径に弾性的に圧縮可 能であることを特徴とする装置。
- 5.請求項4に記載の装置にして、 前記固定手段が前記第1及び第2の軸方向外方領域(30、32)のそれぞれの 第1及び第2の広がった外端部分を備え、これにより、前記第1の端部(34) 及び第2の端部(36)が、ステント(16)が弛緩状態にあるとき、前記第1 の径より大きい径を有することを特徴とする装置。
- 6.請求項5に記載の装置にして、 前記第1の端部(34)及び第2の端部(36)の径が前記第1の径より少なく とも5%だけ大きいことを特徴とする装置。
- 7.請求項6に記載の装置にして、 前記広がった外端部分の各々の軸方向長さが前記ステント織物部分(20、22 )の関係する1つの部分の軸方向長さの1/3以下であることを特徴とする装置 。
- 8.請求項4に記載の装置にして、 前記固定手段が、それぞれ前記第1の端部(34)及び第2の端部(36)を有 する第1及び第2の外端部分に沿って前記単繊維に接続された弾性的な強化スト ランドを備えることを特徴とする装置。
- 9.請求項3に記載の装置にして、 前記固定手段がそれぞれ前記第1の端部(34)及び第2の端部(36)にてス テント(16)に取り付けられた第1及び第2の複数の固定フックを備えること を特徴とする装置。
- 10.請求項1に記載の装置にして、 前記第1の端部(34)及び第2の端部(36)寄りの前記第1のステント織物 部分(20)及び第2のステント織物部分(22)に接続されかつ軸方向に伸長 し、前記半径方向への膨張中、前記ステント(16)の軸方向長さを一定に維持 する細長くかつ可撓性でしかつ略延伸不能な部材を更に備えることを特徴とする 装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US544923 | 1983-10-24 | ||
US07/544,923 US5064435A (en) | 1990-06-28 | 1990-06-28 | Self-expanding prosthesis having stable axial length |
PCT/US1991/002854 WO1992000043A1 (en) | 1990-06-28 | 1991-04-25 | Self-expanding prosthesis having stable axial length |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH05507215A true JPH05507215A (ja) | 1993-10-21 |
JPH0636807B2 JPH0636807B2 (ja) | 1994-05-18 |
Family
ID=24174142
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP3509370A Expired - Fee Related JPH0636807B2 (ja) | 1990-06-28 | 1991-04-25 | 体腔内への固定装置 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5064435A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0536164B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPH0636807B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE102466T1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2086333C (ja) |
DE (2) | DE9190098U1 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK0536164T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2050054T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1992000043A1 (ja) |
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- 1990-06-28 US US07/544,923 patent/US5064435A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1991-04-25 JP JP3509370A patent/JPH0636807B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-25 AT AT91910030T patent/ATE102466T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-04-25 WO PCT/US1991/002854 patent/WO1992000043A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-04-25 DK DK91910030.5T patent/DK0536164T3/da active
- 1991-04-25 EP EP91910030A patent/EP0536164B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-25 DE DE9190098U patent/DE9190098U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-04-25 DE DE69101385T patent/DE69101385T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-25 ES ES91910030T patent/ES2050054T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007203114A (ja) * | 1996-05-03 | 2007-08-16 | Medinol Ltd | 二股ステントの作製方法 |
JP4567707B2 (ja) * | 1996-05-03 | 2010-10-20 | メディノール リミテッド | 二股ステントの作製方法 |
JP2006500997A (ja) * | 2002-09-27 | 2006-01-12 | メドロジックス デバイス コーポレイション | 端部を改変された移植可能なステント |
JP2006505355A (ja) * | 2002-11-07 | 2006-02-16 | アボット・ラボラトリーズ | 可変濃度の有益な薬剤を有するプロテーゼ |
JP2006506118A (ja) * | 2002-11-13 | 2006-02-23 | アリウム インコーポレイテッド | 管腔のライニング |
US8282678B2 (en) | 2002-11-13 | 2012-10-09 | Allium Medical Solutions Ltd. | Endoluminal lining |
JP2008301923A (ja) * | 2007-06-06 | 2008-12-18 | Yamaguchi Univ | 内部人工器官 |
WO2011007444A1 (ja) * | 2009-07-17 | 2011-01-20 | 株式会社メドバン・アイ・ピー | 同軸複層ステント |
JP2012196499A (ja) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-18 | Yamaguchi Univ | 内部人工器官 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE102466T1 (de) | 1994-03-15 |
DE69101385T2 (de) | 1994-06-16 |
CA2086333C (en) | 1994-05-31 |
ES2050054T3 (es) | 1994-05-01 |
DE9190098U1 (de) | 1993-04-01 |
US5064435A (en) | 1991-11-12 |
EP0536164B1 (en) | 1994-03-09 |
WO1992000043A1 (en) | 1992-01-09 |
CA2086333A1 (en) | 1991-12-29 |
JPH0636807B2 (ja) | 1994-05-18 |
DE69101385D1 (de) | 1994-04-14 |
EP0536164A1 (en) | 1993-04-14 |
DK0536164T3 (da) | 1994-05-09 |
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