JP7595644B2 - 人工肺の製造方法 - Google Patents
人工肺の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7595644B2 JP7595644B2 JP2022505898A JP2022505898A JP7595644B2 JP 7595644 B2 JP7595644 B2 JP 7595644B2 JP 2022505898 A JP2022505898 A JP 2022505898A JP 2022505898 A JP2022505898 A JP 2022505898A JP 7595644 B2 JP7595644 B2 JP 7595644B2
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- Prior art keywords
- hollow fiber
- fiber membrane
- polymer layer
- antithrombotic agent
- gas
- Prior art date
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- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium peroxydisulfate Substances [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)OOS([O-])=O VAZSKTXWXKYQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NSGQRLUGQNBHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-yl butan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)CC NSGQRLUGQNBHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NIYJNIFGDHAKLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diaminomethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(N)N NIYJNIFGDHAKLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAHZRYJFFZMWOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diaminomethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound NC(N)OC(=O)C=C WAHZRYJFFZMWOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WMAFNLQQGPUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOCOC(=O)C(C)=C WMAFNLQQGPUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZPUDSQPVUIVKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOCOC(=O)C=C SZPUDSQPVUIVKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRWZCJXEAOZAAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,2-trimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C(C)=C QRWZCJXEAOZAAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OVHHHVAVHBHXAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)C=C OVHHHVAVHBHXAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOHLNKAKHLQGPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propoxymethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOCOC(=O)C(C)=C YOHLNKAKHLQGPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPGBCXPLDSDRMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propoxymethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOCOC(=O)C=C RPGBCXPLDSDRMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 206010040560 shock Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940001482 sodium sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNJISVYSDHJQFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4,4-dimethylpentaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C VNJISVYSDHJQFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0088—Physical treatment with compounds, e.g. swelling, coating or impregnation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1621—Constructional aspects thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/26—Polyalkenes
- B01D71/262—Polypropylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/60—Polyamines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1698—Blood oxygenators with or without heat-exchangers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2207/00—Methods of manufacture, assembly or production
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/281—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling by applying a special coating to the membrane or to any module element
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Description
本発明の一形態に係る人工肺は、少なくとも一部がポリプロピレンで形成される複数のガス交換用多孔質中空糸膜を有する人工肺であって、前記中空糸膜は、内腔を形成する内表面と、外表面とを有しており、前記内表面および外表面の少なくとも一方に、本発明の方法によって形成される重合体層および抗血栓剤層をこの順番で(即ち、中空糸膜、重合体層および抗血栓剤層の順で)配置される。本発明に係る人工肺は、高い耐血漿リーク性および抗血栓剤による効果(例えば、抗血栓性)を発揮し、また、例えば1か月以上の長期にわたる使用にあってもその耐血漿リーク性および抗血栓性を維持できる(すなわち、耐血漿リーク性、抗血栓性、耐血漿リーク維持性および抗血栓維持性に優れる)。ゆえに、本発明に係る人工肺は、肺炎、重症呼吸不全、急性心筋梗塞、急性心筋炎等の循環不全にある患者に対して、呼吸・循環をサポートする目的で、ECMO(Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation)やPCPS(Percutaneous Cardio Pulmonary Support)等の体外循環装置として特に好適に使用できる。なお、以下では、本発明の方法によって形成される重合体層を、単に「本発明に係る重合体層」または「重合体層」とも称する。
次に、本発明の人工肺の製造方法について詳細に説明する。当該製造方法は、少なくとも一部がポリプロピレンで形成される複数のガス交換用多孔質中空糸膜を有する人工肺の製造方法であって、前記中空糸膜は、内腔を形成する内表面と、外表面とを有しており、ドーパミンならびにその塩およびオリゴマーからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の化合物を含むコート液を調製し、前記コート液に酸素ガスを吹送させながら、前記中空糸膜の内表面または外表面を前記コート液と10時間未満接触させて、前記内表面または外表面に前記化合物の重合体を含む重合体層を形成することを特徴とする。
本工程では、ドーパミンならびにその塩(ドーパミンの塩)およびオリゴマー(ドーパミンのオリゴマー)からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の化合物(重合体層形成化合物)を含むコート液を調製する。このコート液は、中空糸膜の内表面または外表面(以下、単に「中空糸膜表面」とも称する)に塗布するために使用される。コート液は、ドーパミンならびにその塩およびオリゴマーからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の化合物(重合体層形成化合物)および溶媒を含む。
本工程では、上記にて調製されたコート液に酸素ガスを吹送させながら、中空糸膜の内表面または外表面をコート液と10時間未満接触させて、中空糸膜の外表面または内表面にコート液を塗布(被覆)する。ここで、コート液の塗布対象となる中空糸膜の形態(材料、内径、外径、肉厚、空孔率、細孔の孔径))は、上記の<人工肺>の項目において説明したので、ここでは詳細な説明を省略する。
本工程では、重合体層上に抗血栓剤を含む被膜(抗血栓剤層)を形成する。一実施形態では、抗血栓剤を含む水性コート液を調製し、前記水性コート液を、上記(2)にて中空糸膜の外表面又は内表面に形成された重合体層に塗布する。上述したように、重合体層及び抗血栓剤層は、中空糸膜の外表面に形成することが好ましい。すなわち、本発明の好ましい形態では、本発明の製造方法は、中空糸膜の外表面に重合体層を形成し、前記重合体層上に抗血栓剤を有する抗血栓剤層を形成することをさらに有する。抗血栓剤および抗血栓剤層(被膜)の形成方法は特に制限されず、公知の手法を適宜採用することが可能である。
ここでは、本発明に係る水性コート液の調製方法について説明する。
次に、上記の通り調製した水性コート液を、上記(2)にて中空糸膜の外表面又は内表面に形成された重合体層に塗布(被覆)する。具体的には、人工肺(例えば、図1又は図3のような構造のもの)を組み立てた後、重合体層を中空糸膜の内または外表面に形成し、水性コート液を上記重合体層と接触させ(又は重合体層が形成された側に流通させ)ることによって、重合体層(好ましくは、中空糸膜の外表面(すなわち、血液接触部)上に形成された重合体層)を、抗血栓剤で被覆する。これにより、抗血栓性剤層が重合体層上に形成される。なお、中空糸膜に対する水性コート液の塗布は人工肺の組立前に行ってもよい。
ドーパミン塩酸塩(dopamine hydrochloride)(シグマアルドリッチジャパン合同会社製)を、PBS溶液(組成:8g/L NaCl、0.2g/L KCl、1.15g/L Na2HPO4、0.2g/L KH2PO4、pH 7.4)中に2mg/mLの濃度となるように添加した。この混合溶液を密閉容器内に入れ、酸素濃度(25℃)が1.12容積%となるように酸素ガスを封入し、DA/PBS溶液1(pH 7.4)を調製した。
実施例1~4において、酸素ガスを吹送しない(即ち、酸素ガス吹送時間=0分)以外は、実施例1~4と同様にして、比較コート済み中空糸膜1を作製した。
ドーパミン塩酸塩(dopamine hydrochloride)(シグマアルドリッチジャパン合同会社製)を、PBS溶液(組成:8g/L NaCl、0.2g/L KCl、1.15g/L Na2HPO4、0.2g/L KH2PO4、pH 7.4)中に2mg/mLの濃度となるように添加して、DA/PBS溶液2(pH 7.4)を調製した。
ポリプロピレン製の多孔質中空糸膜(外径:170μm、内径:112μm、肉厚:29μm、細孔径:0.05μm、空孔率:30体積%、膜面積:0.05m2)を、未コートの中空糸膜として準備した。
実施例3で得られたコート済み中空糸膜3、比較例1で得られた比較コート済み中空糸膜1及び未コートの中空糸膜について、気体透過性および耐血漿リーク性を評価した。
コート済み中空糸膜をエポキシ樹脂でポッティングし、酸素ガスで中空糸膜の外側を満たした。当該ガスに50mmHgの圧力をかけ、中空糸膜の外側から内腔へと流れるガスの量を測定し、気体透過性を評価した。また、比較コート済み中空糸膜1及び未コートの中空糸膜についても同様の方法で気体透過性を評価した。結果を図10に示す。図10は、縦軸に単位(面積・時間)あたりのガス流量(mL/m2・min・mmHg)をとった棒グラフである。縦軸の値が大きいほど、気体透過性に優れることを示す。
コート済み中空糸膜をエポキシ樹脂でポッティングし、ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム(SDS)を0.9w/v%塩化ナトリウム水溶液(saline溶液)に1mg/mLの濃度となるように溶解した溶液(SDS/saline溶液)で中空糸膜の外側を満たした。SDS/saline溶液に760mmHgの圧力をかけ、中空糸膜の外側から内腔へと透過するSDS/saline溶液の量を測定し、耐血漿リーク性を評価した。また、比較コート済み中空糸膜1及び未コートの中空糸膜についても同様の方法で耐血漿リーク性を評価した。結果を図11に示す。図11は、縦軸に単位(面積・時間)あたりのSDS/saline溶液の透過量を、横軸に時間をとったグラフである。縦軸の値が小さいほど、耐血漿リーク性に優れることを示す。
2、23 ハウジング、
3、50 ガス交換用多孔質中空糸膜、
3a 外面層、
3a’ 外表面、
3b 内部層、
3c 内面層、
3c’ 内表面、
3d 通路(内腔)、
3e 外表面側の開口部、
3f 内表面側の開口部、
4,5 隔壁、
6、17a、28 血液流入口、
7、29a、29b 血液流出口、
8,24 ガス流入口、
9,27 ガス流出口、
10 ガス流入側ヘッダー、
11 ガス流出側ヘッダー、
12、17 血液室、
13 ガス流入室、
14 ガス流出室、
16 重合体層、
17b 第1の血液室、
17c 第1の血液室、
18 抗血栓剤層、
22 筒状中空糸膜束、
25 第1の隔壁、
26 第2の隔壁、
31 内側筒状部材、
32 血液流通用開口、
33 外部筒状部材、
35 内筒体、
35a 上端、
41 ガス流入用部材、
42 ガス流出用部材。
Claims (3)
- 少なくとも一部がポリプロピレンで形成される複数のガス交換用多孔質中空糸膜を有する人工肺の製造方法であって、
前記中空糸膜は、内腔を形成する内表面と、外表面とを有しており、
ドーパミンならびにその塩およびオリゴマーからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の化合物を含むコート液を調製し、
前記コート液に酸素ガスを吹送させながら、前記中空糸膜の外表面を前記コート液と10時間未満接触させて、前記外表面に前記化合物の重合体を含む重合体層を形成し、前記重合体層上に抗血栓剤を有する抗血栓剤層を形成することを有する、方法。 - 前記化合物は、ドーパミンまたはドーパミン塩である、請求項1に記載の方法。
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