JP6956169B2 - 人工肺の製造方法 - Google Patents
人工肺の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6956169B2 JP6956169B2 JP2019505883A JP2019505883A JP6956169B2 JP 6956169 B2 JP6956169 B2 JP 6956169B2 JP 2019505883 A JP2019505883 A JP 2019505883A JP 2019505883 A JP2019505883 A JP 2019505883A JP 6956169 B2 JP6956169 B2 JP 6956169B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- hollow fiber
- fiber membrane
- artificial lung
- polymer compound
- antithrombotic
- Prior art date
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- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3672—Means preventing coagulation
- A61M1/3673—Anticoagulant coating, e.g. Heparin coating
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- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
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Description
本発明に係る人工肺の製造方法では、中空糸膜の外表面または内表面に、抗血栓性高分子化合物のコロイドと、水溶性のカチオン性高分子と、を含む溶液(コロイド溶液)を塗布する。以下では、本発明に係る人工肺の製造方法の好ましい形態について説明する。なお、本発明は、上記溶液で中空糸膜の外表面または内表面を被覆する以外は、下記好ましい形態に限定されない。
本工程では、中空糸膜の外表面または内表面に塗布するための、コロイド溶液を調製する。
上述のように、本発明に係る方法において用いられるコロイド溶液は、抗血栓性高分子化合物と、水溶性のカチオン性高分子と、を含む。当該カチオン性高分子を含むことにより、抗血栓性高分子化合物のコロイド粒子が凝集しやすくなる結果、抗血栓性高分子化合物のコート量を増やすことができる。
本発明において用いられる抗血栓性高分子化合物は、中空糸膜に塗布されることにより、人工肺に抗血栓性を付与する化合物である。なお、上記で説明したカチオン性高分子に対し、抗血栓性高分子化合物は、カチオン性基を有していない点で区別される。
次に、上記の通り調製したコロイド溶液を、中空糸膜の外表面または内表面に塗布(被覆)する。具体的には、人工肺(例えば、後述する図1または図3のような構造のもの)を組み立てた後、上記工程(1)において調製したコロイド溶液を接触させる(または流通させる)ことによって、中空糸膜の外表面または内表面(すなわち、血液接触部)を、抗血栓性高分子化合物で被覆する。また、中空糸膜に対するコロイド溶液の塗布は、人工肺の組立前に行ってもよい。
本工程は、抗血栓性高分子化合物による被膜を洗浄する工程であり、任意で設けられる。本工程において抗血栓性高分子化合物による被膜を洗浄することで、当該被膜中に存在するカチオン性高分子を取り除くことができる。一方で、コロイド溶液に含まれるカチオン性高分子の生体適合性が高い場合には、本工程は設けなくともよい。
本発明に係る人工肺の製造方法によれば、中空糸膜の外表面側または内表面側に、十分な量の抗血栓性高分子化合物を被覆することができる。具体的には、本発明の方法により製造される人工肺は、中空糸膜(膜面積)に対する抗血栓性高分子化合物のコート量が、20mg/m2以上であると好ましく、30mg/m2以上であるとより好ましい。かようなコート量であれば、抗血栓性に優れた人工肺が得られる。一方、コート量の上限は特に制限されないが、60mg/m2以下であると好ましい。かようなコート量であれば、抗血栓性高分子化合物の被膜が厚すぎることによるガス交換能の低下が抑制され、ガス交換能にも優れた人工肺が得られる。なお、上記コート量は、下記実施例に記載の方法によって測定される値を採用する。また、本明細書中、中空糸膜の「膜面積」とは、中空糸膜の外表面の面積または内表面の面積をいう。中空糸膜の外表面を抗血栓性高分子化合物で被覆する場合(すなわち、人工肺が血液外部灌流型中空糸膜人工肺である場合)には、「膜面積」は、中空糸膜の外表面の面積をいい、中空糸膜の外径、円周率、本数および有効長の積から算出される。一方、中空糸膜の内表面を抗血栓性高分子化合物で被覆する場合(すなわち、人工肺が血液内部灌流型中空糸膜人工肺である場合)には、「膜面積」とは、中空糸膜の内表面の面積をいい、中空糸膜の内径、円周率、本数および有効長の積から算出される。
製造例1:重量平均分子量42万のPMEAの合成
2−メトキシエチルアクリレート(MEA)80g(0.61mol)をメタノール115gに溶解し、四ツ口フラスコに入れ、50℃でN2バブリングを1時間行い、モノマー溶液を調製した。別途、2,2’−アゾビス(4−メトキシ−2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)(V−70、和光純薬工業(株)製)0.08gをメタノール5gに溶解して、重合開始剤溶液を調製した。次に、この重合開始剤溶液をモノマー溶液に添加し、50℃で5時間重合反応を行った。所定時間重合後、重合溶液をエタノールに滴下し、析出した重合体(PMEA)を回収した。なお、回収した重合体の重量平均分子量を測定したところ、420,000であった。
実施例1−1:硫酸プロタミン濃度0.005質量%のコート液
上記製造例1で合成したPMEA(重量平均分子量=42万)1.2gを、20gのメタノールに溶解した。別の容器に蒸留水380gを添加し、スターラーで撹拌しながら、上記PMEAのメタノール溶液を20g/minの添加速度で添加した。その後、25℃で10分間撹拌し、白濁したコート液を得た。コート液は、PMEAのコロイドが分散されたコロイド液であった。このコロイド液中へ、硫酸プロタミン水溶液(10mg/mlの水溶液;硫酸プロタミンの分子量=約5,000)を2.2ml添加し、コート液(1)を得た。このとき、コート液(1)の溶媒は、水:メタノールの混合比=17:1(質量比)であり、PMEAの濃度0.3質量%である。
上記実施例1−1において、用いた硫酸プロタミンの量を変更し、硫酸プロタミン水溶液(10mg/mlの水溶液)を11ml添加したことを除いては、実施例1−1と同様にしてコート液(2)を得た。上記コート液(2)も、コート液(1)と同様、コロイドを含む溶液であった。このとき、コート液(2)の溶媒は、水:メタノールの混合比=12:1(質量比)であり、PMEAの濃度0.3質量%である。
上記実施例1−1において、硫酸プロタミン水溶液を添加しなかったことを除いては、実施例1−1と同様にしてコート液(3)を得た。上記コート液(3)も、コート液(1)と同様、コロイドを含む溶液であった。
実施例2−1
内径が195μm、外径が295μm、肉厚が50μm、空孔率が約35体積%、外表面の孔径(すなわち、開口部の平均直径)が80nmの多孔質ポリプロピレン製のガス交換用多孔質中空糸膜が巻きつけられた、膜面積(中空糸膜の外表面積)が0.5m2である血液外部灌流型中空糸膜人工肺(a)を作製した。
上記実施例2−1において、用いたコート液を、上記実施例1−2で調製したコート液(2)に変更したこと以外は、上記実施例2−1と同様にして血液外部灌流型中空糸膜人工肺(2)を製造した。なお、このようにして得られた血液外部灌流型中空糸膜人工肺(2)を人工肺(2)とも称する。
上記実施例2−1において、用いたコート液を、上記比較例1−1で調製したコート液(3)に変更したこと以外は、上記実施例2−1と同様にして血液外部灌流型中空糸膜人工肺(3)を製造した。なお、このようにして得られた血液外部灌流型中空糸膜人工肺(3)を人工肺(3)とも称する。
上記実施例2−1〜2−2の人工肺(1)〜(2)および比較例2−1の人工肺(3)について、下記方法によって、PMEAのコート量を測定した。
上記実施例2−1および比較例2−1で得られた人工肺(1)および人工肺(3)について、下記方法に従って、抗血栓性を評価した。
Claims (8)
- 外表面と、内腔を形成する内表面と、前記外表面と前記内表面とを連通する開口部と、を備えた複数のガス交換用多孔質中空糸膜を有する人工肺の製造方法であって、
抗血栓性高分子化合物のコロイドと、水溶性のカチオン性高分子と、を含む溶液を、前記外表面および前記内表面のいずれか一方に塗布することを含む、人工肺の製造方法。 - 前記中空糸膜が、酸素含有ガスが流れる前記内腔を形成する前記内表面と、血液と接触する前記外表面と、を有し、
前記外表面に、前記溶液を塗布する、請求項1に記載の人工肺の製造方法。 - 前記水溶性のカチオン性高分子は、硫酸プロタミン、プロタミン、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリアリルアミン、ポリ−L−リジン、アルブミンおよびゼラチンからなる群から選択される、請求項1または2に記載の人工肺の製造方法。
- 前記溶液が、前記水溶性のカチオン性高分子を0.001質量%以上含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の人工肺の製造方法。
- 前記溶液が、前記抗血栓性高分子化合物を0.01質量%以上含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の人工肺の製造方法。
- 前記溶液が、前記抗血栓性高分子化合物と、前記水溶性のカチオン性高分子とを、1:0.01〜0.10の質量比で含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の人工肺の製造方法。
- 前記抗血栓性高分子化合物の重量平均分子量は、200,000を超えて800,000未満である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の人工肺の製造方法。
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