JP7551448B2 - 高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置及び方法 - Google Patents
高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7551448B2 JP7551448B2 JP2020176139A JP2020176139A JP7551448B2 JP 7551448 B2 JP7551448 B2 JP 7551448B2 JP 2020176139 A JP2020176139 A JP 2020176139A JP 2020176139 A JP2020176139 A JP 2020176139A JP 7551448 B2 JP7551448 B2 JP 7551448B2
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- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Description
これらの汚染物質の中でも、NOxは、酸化触媒やガソリン自動車で実用化されている三元触媒では浄化が難しく、NOxを浄化することができる有望な触媒として選択還元型NOx触媒である脱硝触媒の研究が行われている(特許文献1)。
(1)4NO+4NH3+O2 → 4N2+6H2O
(2)NO+NO2+2NH3 → 2N2+3H2O
(3)6NO2 + 8NH3 → 7N2+12H2O
加圧空気と尿素水を供給する尿素水供給管を排ガスが流れる配管内に挿通し、
前記尿素水供給管の先端近傍に尿素水噴霧ノズルを接続し、
前記配管内を流れる排ガスと、前記尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水との混合部を有し、
該混合部の周囲で前記配管の内壁面の全部または一部に、金属シートを帯状に周設してなり、
該金属シートの内面に、噴霧した尿素水を接触させて、イソシアン酸(HN=C=O)やシアン酸(HOCN)の加水分解を促進することによりアンモニアを生成させると共に、シアヌル酸の生成量を減少させる加水分解触媒層が形成され、
前記加水分解触媒層の加水分解触媒が、TiO 2 触媒であることを特徴とする高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置。
(請求項2)
前記金属シートが、アルミニウム金属シート又はステンレス金属シートであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置。
(請求項3)
加圧空気と尿素水を供給する尿素水供給管を排ガスが流れる配管内に挿通し、
前記尿素水供給管の先端近傍に尿素水噴霧ノズルを接続し、
前記配管内を流れる排ガスと、前記尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水との混合部を有し、
該混合部の周囲の配管の内壁面の全部または一部に帯状に周設された金属シートの内面に、尿素の加水分解を促進する加水分解触媒層を形成し、
前記加水分解触媒層の加水分解触媒が、TiO 2 触媒であり、
該加水分解触媒層に尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水を接触させて、イソシアン酸(HN=C=O)やシアン酸(HOCN)の加水分解を促進することによりアンモニアを生成
させると共に、シアヌル酸の生成量を減少させることを特徴とする高融点物質による配管閉塞を抑制する方法。
(請求項4)
該加水分解触媒層に尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水を接触させて、尿素が熱分解して発生するアンモニア以外の副生物であるイソシアン酸やシアン酸と雰囲気中の水分とから加水分解してアンモニアと二酸化炭素に変換する加水反応を促進することにより、イソシアン酸やシアン酸がシアヌル酸へ重合する反応をするための前記イソシアン酸や前記シアン酸が減少し、結果として尿素からのシアヌル酸の生成量を減少させることを特徴とする請求項3記載の高融点物質による配管閉塞を抑制する方法。
混合部8の周囲で気化用配管4の内壁面の全部または一部には、金属シート9が帯状に周設されており、金属シート9の内面に、尿素の加水分解を促進する加水分解触媒層10が形成されている。金属シート9上に加水分解触媒層10が形成された積層構造はシート状に形成されることが好ましい。
(NH2)2CO+H2O →2NH3+CO2
6NO2+8NH3→7N2+12H2O
図1に示すNOx除去装置を用いて、船舶用ディーゼルエンジンから排出される排ガスを加水分解装置と、脱硝装置を用いて、高沸点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制実験を行った。
(1)加水分解装置
排ガス量 :SV 90,000/h
加水分解装置用配管 :200℃加熱(250℃配管マントルヒーター加熱)
加水分解触媒:厚み0.1mmのアルミニウム金属シートの上に、TiO2触媒をシート状に塗布して、乾燥全厚みが0.105mm~0.200mmのTiO2尿素加水分解触媒シート(以下、必要により、TiO2触媒ALシートという)を製造した。
脱硝触媒:TiO2触媒を金属ハニカム体に浸漬塗布して、ハニカム触媒を製造し、脱硝触媒とした。この触媒は、脱硝機能と加水分解機能を有する。
(1)敢えて配管マントルヒーターの加熱温度450℃で得られる普段系内ガス温300℃より普段系内ガス温を100℃下げて、尿素水噴霧を行って、シアヌル酸生成を加速させるようにして実験した。すなわち、配管マントルヒーターの加熱温度を250℃にして系内ガス温200℃でのシアヌル酸生成挙動を調べた。
ア 4Hの32.5wt%尿素水供給量(g)は、表1の通りとした。
イ 純尿素供給流量(g/min)を表1のようにした。
ア 尿素由来の高融点物質(シアヌル酸)の生成量(g)(240分後)は、6.12gであった(表1参照)。
イ 尿素由来の高融点物質(シアヌル酸)の単位時間当たりの生成量(g/min)は、0.0255g/minであった(表1参照)。
(3)供給尿素から高融点物質(シアヌル酸)への転化率(%)は、3.9(%)(w/w)であった(表1参照)。
実施例1において、アルミシートの上に触媒を設けることなく、アルミシートだけにした以外は、実施例1と同様に実験した。
その結果を表1に示した。
表1の実験結果から、触媒による供給尿素から高融点物質(シアヌル酸)への生成抑制効果は、6.7%から3.9%に減少したことから、42%減少したことがわかった。
図1に示すNOx除去装置を用いて、船舶用ディーゼルエンジンから排出される排ガスを加水分解装置と、脱硝装置を用いて、高沸点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制実験を行った。
(1)加水分解装置
排ガス量 :SV 90,000/h
加水分解装置用配管 :200℃加熱(250℃配管マントルヒーター加熱)
加水分解触媒:厚み0.1mmのステンレス金属シートの上に、TiO2触媒をシート状に塗布して、乾燥全厚みが0.105mm~0.200mmのTiO2尿素加水分解触媒シート(以下、必要により、TiO2触媒SUSシートという)を製造した。
脱硝触媒:TiO2触媒を金属ハニカム体に浸漬塗布して、ハニカム触媒を製造し、脱硝触媒とした。この触媒は、脱硝機能と加水分解機能を有する。
(1)配管マントルヒーター加熱温度450℃で得られる普段系内ガス温300℃より100℃下げた普段系内ガス温200℃で、尿素水噴霧を行って、シアヌル酸生成を加速させるようにして実験した。すなわち、配管マントルヒーター加熱温度を250℃にして系内ガス温200℃でのシアヌル酸生成挙動を調べた。
ア 4Hの32.5wt%尿素水供給量(g)は、表2の通りとした。
イ 純尿素供給流量(g/min)を表2のようにした。
ア 尿素由来の高融点物質(シアヌル酸)の生成量(g)(240時間後)は、1.92gであった(表2参照)。
イ 尿素由来の高融点物質(シアヌル酸)の単位時間当たりの生成量
(g/min)は、0.00800g/minであった(表2参照)。
(4)供給尿素から高融点物質(シアヌル酸)への転化率(%)は、
1.23(%)(w/w)であった(表2参照)。
実施例2において、ステンレスシートの上に触媒を設けることなく、ステンレスシートだけにした以外は、実施例2と同様に実験した。
その結果を表2に示す。
表2の実験結果から、比較例2によれば、供給尿素から高融点物質(シアヌル酸)への転化率は、2.17%であった。
SUSシートにコートしたTiO2触媒の高融点物質(シアヌル酸)の生成の抑制効果は、供給尿素の高融点物質(シアヌル酸)への転化率が2.17%から1.23%に減少したことから、高融点物質(シアヌル酸)生成が43%減少したことがわかった。
また、実施例3~5は、実施例2のTiO2触媒に代えて、Al2O3触媒、珪酸アルミ酸化物(Al2O3-SiO2)触媒、及びシリカ(SiO2)触媒を用いること以外は、実施例2と同様に実験した。実施例2~5の4種類の触媒をそれぞれにコートしたSUS金属シートの、比較例2の触媒を付与していないSUS金属シートに対する高融点物質(シアヌル酸)の生成抑制効果の結果を表3に示す。
これらSUS金属シート表面にコートされた多孔質性の金属酸化物触媒のなかでは、TiO2系触媒、Al2O3触媒、珪酸アルミ酸化物(Al2O3-SiO2)触媒の尿素由来高融点物質(シアヌル酸)の生成抑制効果が比較的高く、TiO2系触媒が最も高いことがわかった。
2 排ガス管
3 尿素水の加水分解装置(気化装置)
4 気化用配管
5 排ガス導入口
6 尿素水供給管
7 尿素水噴霧ノズル
8 混合部
9 金属シート
10 加水分解触媒層
11 脱硝装置
12 温度調整部
Claims (4)
- 加圧空気と尿素水を供給する尿素水供給管を排ガスが流れる配管内に挿通し、
前記尿素水供給管の先端近傍に尿素水噴霧ノズルを接続し、
前記配管内を流れる排ガスと、前記尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水との混合部を有し、
該混合部の周囲で前記配管の内壁面の全部または一部に、金属シートを帯状に周設してなり、
該金属シートの内面に、噴霧した尿素水を接触させて、イソシアン酸(HN=C=O)やシアン酸(HOCN)の加水分解を促進することによりアンモニアを生成させると共に、シアヌル酸の生成量を減少させる加水分解触媒層が形成され、
前記加水分解触媒層の加水分解触媒が、TiO 2 触媒であることを特徴とする高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置。 - 前記金属シートが、アルミニウム金属シート又はステンレス金属シートであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置。
- 加圧空気と尿素水を供給する尿素水供給管を排ガスが流れる配管内に挿通し、
前記尿素水供給管の先端近傍に尿素水噴霧ノズルを接続し、
前記配管内を流れる排ガスと、前記尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水との混合部を有し、
該混合部の周囲の配管の内壁面の全部または一部に帯状に周設された金属シートの内面に、尿素の加水分解を促進する加水分解触媒層を形成し、
前記加水分解触媒層の加水分解触媒が、TiO 2 触媒であり、
該加水分解触媒層に尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水を接触させて、イソシアン酸(HN=C=O)やシアン酸(HOCN)の加水分解を促進することによりアンモニアを生成
させると共に、シアヌル酸の生成量を減少させることを特徴とする高融点物質による配管閉塞を抑制する方法。 - 該加水分解触媒層に尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水を接触させて、尿素が熱分解して発生するアンモニア以外の副生物であるイソシアン酸やシアン酸と雰囲気中の水分とから加水分解してアンモニアと二酸化炭素に変換する加水反応を促進することにより、イソシアン酸やシアン酸がシアヌル酸へ重合する反応をするための前記イソシアン酸や前記シアン酸が減少し、結果として尿素からのシアヌル酸の生成量を減少させることを特徴とする請求項3記載の高融点物質による配管閉塞を抑制する方法。
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US20110030345A1 (en) | 2008-09-09 | 2011-02-10 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Aktiengesellschaft | Method for reducing nitric oxide in the exhaust gas flow of internal combustion engines |
EP2166207A1 (de) | 2008-09-23 | 2010-03-24 | MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Reinigung eines Abgasstroms einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer magerlauffähigen Brennkraftmaschine |
JP2013124555A (ja) | 2011-12-13 | 2013-06-24 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | 尿素水噴霧構造 |
WO2014054607A1 (ja) | 2012-10-02 | 2014-04-10 | 日揮触媒化成株式会社 | 船舶用排ガス処理装置 |
JP2015152009A (ja) | 2014-02-14 | 2015-08-24 | ドイツ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | ディーゼルエンジン排気ガスの浄化方法 |
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KR20230117102A (ko) | 2023-08-07 |
CN116568635A (zh) | 2023-08-08 |
WO2022085452A1 (ja) | 2022-04-28 |
JP2023024849A (ja) | 2023-02-17 |
US20230383682A1 (en) | 2023-11-30 |
JP2022067434A (ja) | 2022-05-06 |
EP4234494A1 (en) | 2023-08-30 |
EP4234494A4 (en) | 2024-04-24 |
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