JP2010514545A - 自動車の排ガス中の窒素酸化物の選択的接触還元のためのギ酸グアニジニウム水溶液の使用 - Google Patents
自動車の排ガス中の窒素酸化物の選択的接触還元のためのギ酸グアニジニウム水溶液の使用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2010514545A JP2010514545A JP2009541892A JP2009541892A JP2010514545A JP 2010514545 A JP2010514545 A JP 2010514545A JP 2009541892 A JP2009541892 A JP 2009541892A JP 2009541892 A JP2009541892 A JP 2009541892A JP 2010514545 A JP2010514545 A JP 2010514545A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- guanidinium formate
- weight
- formate
- guanidinium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- JIKADBNXDMHWFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoylazanium;formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O.NC([NH3+])=N JIKADBNXDMHWFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxide Chemical compound [O-]C NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O guanidinium Chemical compound NC(N)=[NH2+] ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001321 HNCO Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910004013 NO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediimine Chemical compound N=C=N VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRRWWGNBSQSBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;chromium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cr] QRRWWGNBSQSBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine group Chemical group NC(=N)N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009283 thermal hydrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/25—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an ammonia generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(H2N2)CO→HNCO+NH3 [1]
の通り、主としてイソシアン酸(HNCO)とアンモニア(NH3)とに分解する。
HNCO+H2O→NH2+CO2 [2]
に従って、アンモニア(NH3)と二酸化炭素とに加水分解する。
本発明により、有利には、ギ酸グアニジニウム水溶液は、場合により尿素および/またはアンモニアおよび/またはアンモニウム塩との組み合わせにおいて使用される。
R=H、NH2、C1〜C12−アルキル、
=アセテート、カーボネート、シアネート、ホルメート、ヒドロキシド、メトキシドおよびオキサレートを意味する]
の化合物が有効であることが実証された。
図1に描写されたものに相応する自己圧力式のアンモニア発生装置中でのアンモニア前駆体物質としての40質量%のギ酸グアニジニウム水溶液(GF)(Fp.<−20℃)の使用
乗用車エンジン1が200Nm3/hの排ガス流を生み出し、該排ガス流は中間管2を介して白金酸化触媒3とパティキュレートフィルター4とを通って排ガス中間管6の中に入る。FTIRガス分析装置5を用いて測定された中間管6の中の排ガス組成は:窒素酸化物、NO 150ppm;二酸化窒素、NO2 150ppm;二酸化炭素、CO2 7%;水蒸気 8%、一酸化炭素、CO 10ppmである。
GF溶液8の計量供給は、FTIRガス分析装置17を用いて270ppmのアンモニア濃度を測定することができるように、圧力調整ポンプ9を用いて制御する。この際、同時にGF溶液8のホルメート部分の分解によってCO濃度90から100ppmへの上昇が生じる。GF溶液8の蒸発および分解によるCO2含有量および水蒸気含有量の上昇は期待通り僅かであり、かつ殆ど測定可能ではない。GFの熱加水分解は完全なものである。それというのも、ガス分析装置17を用いてイソシアン酸、HNCOを検出することができず、尿素およびその分解生成物の付着物を確認することができなかったからである。
実施例1と同じように作業するが、しかしながら二酸化チタン触媒14の代わりに、酸化パラジウム−二酸化チタン−触媒を使用し、その際、該二酸化チタンは、Pd(NO3)2水溶液を用いて乾燥およびか焼(500℃で5時間)後に、PdO 1質量%(=約0.9質量%のPd)を含有し、かつ一酸化炭素の部分酸化をもたらす触媒が生じるように含浸した。FTIRガス分析装置17で、CO濃度の上昇は測定可能ではなかった。
Claims (17)
- 自動車の排ガス中でのアンモニアを用いた窒素酸化物の選択的接触還元のための、場合により尿素および/またはアンモニアもしくはアンモニウム塩との組み合わせにおけるギ酸グアニジニウム水溶液の使用。
- 前記ギ酸グアニジニウム水溶液が、5〜85質量%、殊に30〜80質量%の固体含有率を有することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の使用。
- 前記水溶液が、5〜60質量%のギ酸グアニジニウム含有率と5〜35質量%の尿素含有率とを有するギ酸グアニジニウムと尿素との混合物を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1または2記載の使用。
- 前記水溶液が、5〜60質量%の含有率のギ酸グアニジニウムと5〜40質量%の含有率のアンモニアもしくはアンモニウム塩を有するギ酸グアニジニウムとアンモニアもしくはアンモニウム塩との混合物を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載の使用。
- ギ酸グアニジニウムならびに場合によりさらに別の成分が、排ガス内部で自動車排ガスのメインフロー、パーシャルフローまたはバイパスフローにおいてか、または排ガス外部で自己圧力式のかつ外部加熱される配置において接触分解によってアンモニアに変換されることを特徴とする、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項記載の使用。
- アンモニア、二酸化炭素および場合により一酸化炭素へのギ酸グアニジニウムならびに場合によりさらに別の成分の接触分解が、二酸化チタン、酸化アルミニウムおよび二酸化ケイ素もしくはその混合物の群から選択された酸化物、完全にまたは部分的に金属交換されている熱水安定性のゼオライトからの触媒活性の、酸化活性ではないコーティングの存在下で行われることを特徴とする、請求項6記載の使用。
- アンモニアおよび二酸化炭素へのギ酸グアニジニウムもしくはその他の成分の接触分解のために、酸化活性成分としての金および/またはパラジウムにより含浸されている、二酸化チタン、酸化アルミニウムならびに二酸化ケイ素の群から選択された酸化物、熱水安定性の金属ゼオライトおよびその混合物からの触媒活性コーティングが使用されることを特徴とする、請求項6記載の使用。
- ギ酸グアニジニウムならびに場合によりさらに別の成分の接触分解のために、0.001〜2質量%の貴金属含有率を有する活性成分としてのパラジウムおよび/または金を有する触媒コーティングが使用されることを特徴とする、請求項6記載の使用。
- 2つの部分から成る触媒が使用され、その際、第一の部分は酸化活性ではないコーティングを含有し、かつ第二の部分は酸化活性コーティングを含有することを特徴とする、請求項6から9までのいずれか1項記載の使用。
- 前記触媒の5〜90体積%が酸化活性ではないコーティングから成り、かつ10〜95体積%が酸化活性コーティングから成ることを特徴とする、請求項10記載の使用。
- 接触分解を2つの連続して配置された触媒の存在下で実施し、その際、第一の触媒は酸化活性ではないコーティングから成り、かつ第二の触媒は酸化活性コーティングから成ることを特徴とする、請求項6から11までのいずれか1項記載の使用。
- ギ酸グアニジニウム溶液の接触分解を150〜350℃で実施することを特徴とする、請求項1から12までのいずれか1項記載の使用。
- 自動車の排ガス中でのアンモニアを用いた窒素酸化物の選択的接触還元のための手段としての、場合により尿素および/またはアンモニアもしくはアンモニウム塩との組み合わせにおける、5〜85質量%の濃度を有するギ酸グアニジニウムならびに残分として水とから成る水性組成物。
- 前記ギ酸グアニジニウムの濃度が30〜80質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項14記載の水性組成物。
- 前記水性組成物が、5〜60質量%のギ酸グアニジニウム含有率と5〜35質量%の尿素含有率とを有するギ酸グアニジニウムと尿素との混合物を含有することを特徴とする、請求項14または15記載の水性組成物。
- 前記水性組成物が、5〜60質量%の含有率のギ酸グアニジニウムと5〜40質量%の含有率のアンモニアもしくはアンモニウム塩とを有するギ酸グアニジニウムとアンモニアもしくはアンモニウム塩との混合物を含有することを特徴とする、請求項14から16までのいずれか1項記載の水性組成物。
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WO2013054609A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-04-18 | 株式会社堀場製作所 | ガス分析装置 |
JPWO2013054609A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-12 | 2015-03-30 | 株式会社堀場製作所 | ガス分析装置 |
US9518969B2 (en) | 2011-10-12 | 2016-12-13 | Horiba, Ltd. | Gas analysis apparatus |
JP2014211162A (ja) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-11-13 | コンチネンタル オートモーティブ システムズ インコーポレイテッドContinental Automotive Systems, Inc. | 還元剤の加熱を行う自動車用の選択触媒還元用の還元剤デリバリユニット |
KR20160022259A (ko) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-29 | 컨티넨탈 오토모티브 시스템즈 인코포레이티드 | 최적화된 유체 가열을 이용하는 자동차의 선택적인 촉매 환원을 위한 환원제 전달 유닛 |
JP2016044682A (ja) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-04-04 | コンチネンタル オートモーティブ システムズ インコーポレイテッドContinental Automotive Systems, Inc. | 最適化された流体加熱部を備える自動車の選択触媒還元用の還元剤供給ユニット |
KR101723679B1 (ko) | 2014-08-19 | 2017-04-05 | 컨티넨탈 오토모티브 시스템즈 인코포레이티드 | 최적화된 유체 가열을 이용하는 자동차의 선택적인 촉매 환원을 위한 환원제 전달 유닛 |
US9689293B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2017-06-27 | Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. | Reductant delivery unit for automotive selective catalytic reduction with optimized fluid heating |
WO2022085452A1 (ja) * | 2020-10-20 | 2022-04-28 | 株式会社三井E&Sマシナリー | 高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置及び方法 |
JP2022067434A (ja) * | 2020-10-20 | 2022-05-06 | 株式会社三井E&Sマシナリー | 高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置及び方法 |
JP7551448B2 (ja) | 2020-10-20 | 2024-09-17 | 株式会社三井E&S | 高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置及び方法 |
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