JP7023046B2 - 非pgmアンモニアスリップ触媒 - Google Patents
非pgmアンモニアスリップ触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7023046B2 JP7023046B2 JP2016569902A JP2016569902A JP7023046B2 JP 7023046 B2 JP7023046 B2 JP 7023046B2 JP 2016569902 A JP2016569902 A JP 2016569902A JP 2016569902 A JP2016569902 A JP 2016569902A JP 7023046 B2 JP7023046 B2 JP 7023046B2
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- layer
- oxide
- metal
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 306
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 169
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 81
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 154
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 153
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 209
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 15
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910010052 TiAlO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020203 CeO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Cu].CC(O)=CC(C)=O.CC(O)=CC(C)=O ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011457 extruded brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2O
2NO2+4NH3+O2→3N2+6H2O
NO+NO2+2NH3→2N2+3H2O
である。
SCR触媒は、卑金属の酸化物、モレキュラーシーブ、金属交換されたモレキュラーシーブ又はそれらの混合物であり得る。卑金属は、バナジウム(V)、モリブデン(Mo)及びタングステン(W)、クロム(Cr)、セリウム(Ce)、マンガン(Mn)、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)、ニッケル(Ni)及び銅(Cu)及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され得る。アルミナ、シリカ、ジルコニア、チタニア、セリア及びそれらの組み合わせのような耐火性金属酸化物上に担持されるバナジウムからなるSCR組成物は、モバイルアプリケーションにおいて商業的に広く使用され、かつよく知られる。典型的な組成物は、米国特許第4,010,238及び4,085,193に記載され、それらの内容全体が参照によりここに援用される。特にモバイルアプリケーションにおいて、商業的に使用される組成物は、WO3及びV2O5が5から20重量%まで及び0.5から6重量%までのそれぞれの範囲に及ぶ濃度において分散されたTiO2を含む。これらの触媒は、バインダー及びプロモーターとして作用するSiO2及びZrO2のような他の無機材料を含有してよい。
酸化触媒は、銅(Cu)、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)、ニッケル(Ni)及びクロム(Cr)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1の第一の金属並びにネオジム(Nd)、バリウム(Ba)、セリウム(Ce)、ランタン(La)、プラセオジム(Pr)、マグネシウム(Mg)、カルシウム(Ca)、マンガン(Mn)、亜鉛(Zn)、ニオブ(Nb)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、モリブデン(Mo)、スズ(Sn)、タンタル(Ta)及びストロンチウム(Sr)からなる群から選択される少なくとも1の第二の金属を含み、かつアンモニアスリップ触媒は、白金族金属を含まない。
用語「基材」は、当該技術分野で一般的に知られるように、実質的に不活性な基材材料を指す。基材は、任意の一般的に適切な形態であってよい。例えば、基材は、セラミック若しくはハニカム構造体のようなフロースルーモノリスを含んでよく、又は基材は、泡の形態であってよく、又は基材は、ペレット、流動層粒子の形態であってよく、又は球状若しくは短い押出成形セグメントのような粒子を含んでよい。
用語「ウォッシュコート」は、当該技術分野で広く認識されている用語であり、1以上の触媒又は触媒前駆体、担体材料、及び任意選択的に、バインダー、プロモーター又はスタビライザーのような他の材料の混合物を指す。
SCR触媒及び酸化触媒は、SCR触媒及び酸化触媒の排気ガスの流れに沿う連続的な配置で又は基材内若しくは上に配置される、酸化触媒の下部層上のSCR触媒の上部層、SCR触媒及び酸化触媒の混合物のような種々の形状で存在し得、酸化触媒は、SCR触媒の下流である。
酸化層は、要求される量のミリングされないCeO2/ZrO2及び脱イオン水を混合してスラリーを形成することにより、調製された。CeO2/ZrO2スラリーは、その後ミリングされ、1.5-2.5μmのd50を提供した。ミリングされたCeO2/ZrO2は、アルミナスラリーのスラリーと混合され、その後、要求される量の酢酸マンガン結晶が加えられ、かつ混合物は4時間混合された。要求された量の硝酸銅が加えられ、かつスラリーが30分間混合された。Actigumがその後徐々に加えられ、スラリーを濃くした。スラリーは、230cpsiコーディエライト基材上にコーティングされ、乾燥し、その後、約3時間、500℃においてか焼された。これは、375g/ft3のCuローディング、600g/ft3のMnローディング、0.55g/in3のアルミナローディング及び2.2g/in3のCeO2/ZrO2ローディングをもたらした。
第一触媒層は、スラリーのために、高せん断混合機を使用して、要求された量の約3.4‐4.2μmのd50を有するアルミナウォッシュコート及び脱イオン水を混合することにより、調製された。コハク酸は、最終的な濃度が約100g/ft3になるまで、アルミナスラリーに加えられ、その後、混合物は、連続的に少なくとも30分間撹拌された。要求された量の硝酸白金が、加えられ、かつ結果として生じる混合物は、更に60分間撹拌された。ヒドロキシエチルセルロース(Natrasol)は、加えられ、かつスラリーは24時間混合された。スラリーは、230cpsiコーディエライト基材上にコーティングされ、乾燥し、その後、約3時間、500℃においてか焼された。これは、5g/ft3のPtローディング及び0.35g/in3のアルミナローディングという結果をもたらした。SCR層は、調製され、かつ実施例1中で上記されるような酸化層上にコーティングされた。
第一触媒層は、スラリーのために、高せん断力混合器を使用して、要求された量の3.4-4.2μmのd50を有するアルミナウォッシュコート及び脱イオン水を混合することにより、調整された。コハク酸は、最終的な濃度が約100g/ft3になるまで、アルミナスラリーに徐々に加えられ、その後、混合物は、連続的に少なくとも30分間撹拌された。要求された量の硝酸パラジウムは、加えられ、かつ結果として生じる混合物は、更に60分間撹拌された。ヒドロキシエチルセルロース(Natrasol)は、加えられ、かつスラリーは24時間混合された。スラリーは、230cpsiコーディエライト基材上にコーティングされ、乾燥し、その後、約3時間、500℃においてか焼された。これは、20g/ft3のPdローディング及び0.35g/in3のアルミナローディングをもたらした。SCR層は、調製され、かつ実施例1中に上記されるような酸化層上にコーティングされた。
Claims (45)
- SCR触媒及び酸化触媒を含むアンモニアスリップ触媒であって、SCR触媒が、モレキュラーシーブ又はバナジウム/チタニアSCR触媒を含み、酸化触媒が、銅(Cu)である第一の金属と、マンガン(Mn)である第二の金属とを含む、アンモニアスリップ触媒であって、白金族金属を含まない、アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- SCR触媒層及び酸化層を含む二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒であって、SCR触媒層中のSCR触媒が請求項1のSCR触媒であり、かつ酸化層中の酸化触媒が請求項1の酸化触媒であり、かつ酸化層が基材の近位に配置されている二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- 酸化層が、アルミナ、シリカ、ジルコニア、セリア及びチタニアの1以上を含む酸化物担体材料を更に含む、請求項2に記載の二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- 酸化層が、安定化アルミナ、シリカ、ジルコニア、セリア及びチタニアの1以上を含む酸化物担体材料を含む、請求項2又は3に記載の二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- 酸化層が、アルミナと、CeO2/ZrO2混合酸化物又はZr安定化CeO2混合酸化物のいずれか一方とを更に含む、請求項2から4の何れか一項に記載の二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- Zr安定化CeO2混合酸化物が、1:1のモル比で存在するCe及びZrを含む、請求項5に記載の二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- 酸化物担体材料が、20モル%のLa安定化Al2O3及び80モル%のZr安定化CeO2を含む、請求項3から6の何れか一項に記載の二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- モレキュラーシーブが、アルミノケイ酸塩モレキュラーシーブ、金属置換されたアルミノケイ酸塩モレキュラーシーブ、アルミノリン酸塩(AlPO)モレキュラーシーブ、金属置換されたアルミノリン酸塩(MeAlPO)モレキュラーシーブ、シリコ‐アルミノリン酸塩(SAPO)モレキュラーシーブ及び金属置換されたシリコ‐アルミノリン酸塩(MeAPSO)モレキュラーシーブ及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される小細孔モレキュラーシーブである、請求項2に記載の二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- モレキュラーシーブが、MOR(モルデナイト)、FER(フェリエライト)、FAU(ゼオライトY)、MFI(ZSM-5)、BEA(ベータゼオライト)、Fe-BEA、CHA(チャバサイト)、及びCu-CHAからなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載の二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- SCR層が、Fe-BEA若しくはCu-CHAゼオライト触媒を含む、請求項9に記載の二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- SCR層が、Fe-BEA若しくはCu-CHAゼオライト触媒を含む、請求項10に記載の二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- 酸化層中の触媒が、触媒中の金属の総重量ベースで18.3から91.5kg/m3(0.3から1.5g/in3)の濃度において存在する、請求項2に記載の二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- SCR層中の触媒が、触媒中の金属の総重量ベースで30.5から152.6kg/m3(0.5から2.5g/in3)の濃度において存在する、請求項2に記載の二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- 酸化層中の触媒の量(kg/m3)に対するSCR層中の触媒の量(kg/m3)の比が、各触媒層中の金属の総重量ベースで0.3と8.3の間である、請求項2に記載の二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- SCR層が、酸化触媒上に上部層として配置される、又は酸化層が、SCR層に連続して配置される、請求項2に記載の二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒。
- 請求項1に記載のアンモニアスリップ触媒を調製する方法であって、(a)SCR触媒と、銅(Cu)である第一の金属並びにマンガン(Mn)である第二の金属を含む酸化触媒とを含む、ウォッシュコートであって、白金族金属を含まないウォッシュコートを基材上に塗布することにより基材上に層を形成すること、(b)基材上のウォッシュコートを乾燥させること、並びに(c)基材上のウォッシュコートをか焼することを含む、方法。
- ウォッシュコートが、アルミナ、シリカ、ジルコニア、セリア及びチタニアの1以上を含む酸化物担体材料を更に含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- ウォッシュコートが、安定化アルミナ、シリカ、ジルコニア、セリア及びチタニアの1以上を含む酸化物担体材料を含む、請求項16又は17に記載の方法。
- ウォッシュコートが、アルミナと、CeO2/ZrO2混合酸化物又はZr安定化CeO2混合酸化物のいずれか一方とを含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- Zr安定化CeO2混合酸化物が、1:1のモル比で存在するCe及びZrを含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 酸化物担体材料が、20モル%のLa安定化Al2O3及び80モル%のZr安定化CeO2を含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- SCR触媒が、アルミノケイ酸塩モレキュラーシーブ、金属置換されたアルミノケイ酸塩モレキュラーシーブ、アルミノリン酸塩(AlPO)モレキュラーシーブ、金属置換されたアルミノリン酸塩(MeAlPO)モレキュラーシーブ、シリコ‐アルミノリン酸塩(SAPO)モレキュラーシーブ及び金属置換されたシリコ‐アルミノリン酸塩(MeAPSO)モレキュラーシーブ及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される小細孔モレキュラーシーブを含む、請求項16から21の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- SCR触媒が、MOR(モルデナイト)、FER(フェリエライト)、FAU(ゼオライトY)、MFI(ZSM-5)、BEA(ベータゼオライト)、Fe-BEA、CHA(チャバサイト)及びCu-CHAからなる群から選択されるモレキュラーシーブを含む、請求項16から21の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- SCR層ウォッシュコートが、Fe-BEA若しくはCu-CHAゼオライト触媒を含む、請求項23に記載の方法。
- SCR層ウォッシュコートが、Fe-BEA若しくはCu-CHAゼオライト触媒を含む、請求項16から24の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 酸化層ウォッシュコート中の触媒が、触媒中の金属の総重量ベースで18.3から91.5kg/m3(0.3から1.5g/in3)の濃度において存在する、請求項16から請求項25の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- SCR層ウォッシュコート中の触媒が、触媒中の金属の総重量ベースで30.5から152.6kg/m3(0.5から2.5g/in3)の濃度において存在する、請求項16から25の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 酸化層ウォッシュコート中の触媒の量(kg/m3)に対するSCR層ウォッシュコート中の触媒の量(kg/m3)の比が、各触媒層中の金属の総重量ベースで0.3と8.3の間である、請求項16から25の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項2から15の何れか一項に記載の二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒を調製する方法であって、(a)銅(Cu)である第一の金属と、マンガン(Mn)である第二の金属とを含む酸化層ウォッシュコートであって、白金族金属を含まないウォッシュコートを基材上に塗布することにより基材上に酸化層を形成すること、(b)基材上の酸化層ウォッシュコートを乾燥させること、(c)基材上の酸化層ウォッシュコートをか焼すること、(d)モレキュラーシーブ又はバナジウム/チタニアを含むSCR層ウォッシュコートを工程(c)で形成されるか焼されている酸化層上に塗布することにより酸化層上に配置されているSCR層を形成すること、(e)基材上のか焼されている酸化層上のSCR層ウォッシュコートを乾燥させること、及び(f)基材上の酸化層ウォッシュコート上のSCR層ウォッシュコートをか焼することを含む、方法。
- 酸化層ウォッシュコートが、アルミナ、シリカ、ジルコニア、セリア及びチタニアの1以上を含む酸化物担体材料を更に含む、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 酸化層ウォッシュコートが、安定化アルミナ、シリカ、ジルコニア、セリア及びチタニアの1以上を含む酸化物担体材料を含む、請求項29又は30に記載の方法。
- 酸化層ウォッシュコートが、アルミナと、CeO2/ZrO2混合酸化物又はZr安定化CeO2混合酸化物のいずれか一方とを更に含む、請求項29、30又は31に記載の方法。
- Zr安定化CeO2混合酸化物が、1:1のモル比で存在するCe及びZrを含む、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 酸化物担体材料が、20モル%のLa安定化Al2O3及び80モル%のZr安定化CeO2を含む、請求項31に記載の方法。
- SCR触媒が、アルミノケイ酸塩モレキュラーシーブ、金属置換されたアルミノケイ酸塩モレキュラーシーブ、アルミノリン酸塩(AlPO)モレキュラーシーブ、金属置換されたアルミノリン酸塩(MeAlPO)モレキュラーシーブ、シリコ‐アルミノリン酸塩(SAPO)モレキュラーシーブ及び金属置換されたシリコ‐アルミノリン酸塩(MeAPSO)モレキュラーシーブ及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される小細孔モレキュラーシーブを含む、請求項29から34の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- モレキュラーシーブが、MOR(モルデナイト)、FER(フェリエライト)、FAU(ゼオライトY)、MFI(ZSM-5)、BEA(ベータゼオライト)、Fe-BEA、CHA(チャバサイト)及びCu-CHAからなる群から選択される、請求項29から34の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- SCR層ウォッシュコートが、Fe-BEA若しくはCu-CHAゼオライト触媒を含む、請求項29から36の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- SCR層ウォッシュコートが、Fe-BEA若しくはCu-CHAゼオライト触媒を含む、請求項29から37の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 酸化層ウォッシュコート中の触媒が、触媒中の金属の総重量ベースで18.3から91.5kg/m3(0.3から1.5g/in3)の濃度において存在する、請求項29から請求項38の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- SCR層ウォッシュコート中の触媒が、触媒中の金属の総重量ベースで30.5から152.6kg/m3(0.5から2.5g/in3)の濃度において存在する、請求項29から39の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 酸化層ウォッシュコート中の触媒の量(kg/m3)に対するSCR層ウォッシュコート中の触媒の量(kg/m3)の比が、各触媒層中の金属の総重量ベースで0.3と8.3の間である、請求項29から40の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 燃焼源により発生する排煙流中のアンモニアの濃度を低減するための方法であって、アンモニアを含有する排煙流を請求項1から15の何れか一項に記載のアンモニアスリップ触媒と接触させることを含む方法。
- 担体が、ハニカム又はプレート形状の形態である、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 排煙流が、200℃から450℃の温度において、二重層アンモニアスリップ触媒と接触する、請求項42又は43に記載の方法。
- 排煙が、石炭、天然ガス又は石油の燃焼から得られる、請求項42、43又は44に記載の方法。
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