JP6664738B2 - 生体材料保護用ペプチド - Google Patents
生体材料保護用ペプチド Download PDFInfo
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- JP6664738B2 JP6664738B2 JP2015166206A JP2015166206A JP6664738B2 JP 6664738 B2 JP6664738 B2 JP 6664738B2 JP 2015166206 A JP2015166206 A JP 2015166206A JP 2015166206 A JP2015166206 A JP 2015166206A JP 6664738 B2 JP6664738 B2 JP 6664738B2
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- ala
- peptide
- biomaterial
- bpafp
- amino acid
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Description
(1)下記(a)〜(e)から選択される単離ペプチド;
(a)Asp-Thr-Ala-Ser-Asp-(Ala)7-Thr-(Ala)10-Thr-Ala-Lys-(Ala)3-Glu-(Ala)4-Thr-(Ala)4-Arg(配列番号1)のアミノ酸配列で表されるペプチド、
(b)配列願号1のアミノ酸配列を含んでなるペプチドであって、生体材料保護活性を有するペプチド、
(c)配列番号1のアミノ酸配列において、1若しくは数個のアミノ酸残基が欠失、付加、挿入または置換されたアミノ酸配列で表されるペプチドであって、生体材料保護活性を有するペプチド、
(d)配列番号1のアミノ酸配列と86%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列で表されるペプチドであって、生体材料保護活性を有するペプチド、および
(e)下記式Iのアミノ酸配列で表されるペプチドであって、生体材料保護活性を有するペプチド:
式I:X1-[Thr-Ala-X2-X3-Ala-Ala-X4-Y]n-Thr-Y-Z (I)
(式中、X1がAspまたはGluであって、ZがArg、LysまたはHisであり、nは1〜5であり、
X2は、独立して、Ala、SerまたはLysであり、
X3は、独立して、AlaまたはAspであり、
X4は、独立して、AlaまたはGluであり、
Yは、Ala-Ala-Ala-Alaである)。
(2)合成ペプチドである、(1)に記載の単離ペプチド。
(3)C末端に位置する官能基が、アミド化されているか、または、C末端にさらにアミノ酸が付加されている、(1)または(2)に記載のペプチド。
(4)C末端にさらに付加されているアミノ酸が、グリシン(Gly)である、(3)に記載のペプチド。
(5)(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載のペプチドを有効成分として含んでなる、生体材料保護剤。
(6)生体材料保護剤が、生体材料の生存率改善剤である、(5)に記載の生体材料保護剤。
(7)生体材料が、細胞、組織および臓器から選択される、(5)または(6)に記載の生体材料保護剤。
(8)(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載のペプチドを準備し、
該ペプチドと、水性媒体と、生体材料とを低温状態で共存させることを含んでなる、生体材料保護方法。
(9)生体材料の生存率を改善する、(8)に記載の生体材料保護方法。
本発明の単離ペプチドは、下記(a)〜(e)から選択される。
(a)Asp-Thr-Ala-Ser-Asp-(Ala)7-Thr-(Ala)10-Thr-Ala-Lys-(Ala)3-Glu-(Ala)4-Thr-(Ala)4-Arg(配列番号1)のアミノ酸配列で表されるペプチド、
(b)配列願号1のアミノ酸配列を含んでなるペプチドであって、生体材料保護活性を有するペプチド、
(c)配列番号1のアミノ酸配列において、1若しくは数個のアミノ酸残基が欠失、付加、挿入または置換されたアミノ酸配列で表されるペプチドであって、生体材料保護活性を有するペプチド、
(d)配列番号1のアミノ酸配列と86%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列で表されるペプチドであって、生体材料保護活性を有するペプチド、および
(e)下記式Iのアミノ酸配列で表されるペプチドであって、生体材料保護活性を有するペプチド:
式I:X1-[Thr-Ala-X2-X3-Ala-Ala-X4-Y]n-Thr-Y-Z (I)
(式中、X1がAspまたはGluであって、ZがArg、LysまたはHisであり、nは1〜5であり、
X2は、独立して、Ala、SerまたはLysであり、
X3は、独立して、AlaまたはAspであり、
X4は、独立して、AlaまたはGluであり、
Yは、Ala-Ala-Ala-Alaである)。
本発明の生体材料保護剤は、本発明のペプチドを有効成分として含んでなる。ここで「有効成分」とは生体材料保護効果を奏する上で必要とされる成分のことを意味する。
本発明は、本発明のペプチドを準備し、該ペプチドと、水性媒体と、生体材料とを低温状態で共存させることを含んでなる。ここで、生体材料保護方法には、生体材料保存方法および生体材料の生存率改善方法が包含され、好ましくは生体材料の生存率改善方法である。
(1)BpAFP粗精製品試料の調製
本発明者らは、北海道沿岸で捕獲されたる魚類の一種のトウガレイLiopsetta pinnifasciata(英名:Barfin plaice)の鮮魚を材料に、日本国特許第4228068号公報の実施例2にまたは同第4332646号公報の実施例2に記載されている方法に従って、試料(以下、BpAFP粗精製品試料とする)を得た。具体的には、すり身状にしたトウガレイの魚肉180gに等量(v/w)の水を加え、魚肉懸濁液を調製した。この懸濁液に対して6,000rpmで30分間の遠心分離を行い、不凍タンパク質を含有する約80gの上澄み液を得た。この上澄み液を98℃で10分間加熱し、魚体およびすり身特有の臭いを減少させるとともに、不凍タンパク質以外の夾雑タンパク質を熱変性および沈殿させた。熱処理後の液に対して、6,000rpmで30分間の遠心分離を行い、沈殿した夾雑タンパク質を取り除いた。これにより、10〜50%のBpAFPを含有する液(BpAFP含有液)を約70g得た。上記のBpAFP含有液の調製操作を繰り返し、より多くのBpAFP含有液を得た。得られたBpAFP含有液を1つにまとめて凍結乾燥し、BpAFP粗精製品試料とした。
得られたBpAFP粗精製品試料の粉末6gを20mLの緩衝液A:20mMトリス緩衝液(pH=8.5)+0.2M NaClに溶解した。この試料を11,000×gで20分間遠心して沈殿物を除去し、ゲル濾過クロマトグラフィーにアプライした。緩衝液B:20mMトリス緩衝液(pH=8.5)を用いて流速8mL/分試料を溶出し、クロマトグラムの最初に現れるピーク部分を回収した。クロマトグラムの取得には、芳香環アミノ酸を有しないBpAFPを検出するために波長214nmの紫外吸光度計を用いた。得られたピーク分画(約150ml)を、陰イオン交換クロマトグラフィーにアプライし、緩衝液Bを用いて流速3mL/分の流速で流した。色の附着した夾雑物は陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着され、同樹脂に吸着されずに素通りした約200mLの溶液を回収した。得られた溶液を蒸留水に透析し、緩衝液成分を除去した後凍結乾燥器にセットし、約1gの分子量約3.3kDaのペプチド混合物の試料(粉末)を得た。
得られた高純度BpAFP試料をトリプシンで消化し、消化物を逆相クロマトグラフィーによって2種類のペプチド断片として回収した。それぞれのペプチド断片についてエドマン分解法を用いたアミノ酸配列解析装置によってアミノ酸配列を決定した。2種類のペプチド断片のアミノ酸配列に基づき、下記式(A)(配列番号1)で示されるBpAFPのアミノ酸配列を決定した。トウガレイが、式A(配列番号1)のアミノ酸配列で表されるペプチド含む複数のI型AFPアイソフォームの混合物を体内に発現していることは、本発明者らが今般初めて見いだしたことである。
Asp-Thr-Ala-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-(1st - 12th)
-Thr-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-(13th -23th)
-Thr-Ala-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Glu-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-(24th -34th)
-Thr-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Arg (BpAFP, 40残基) (35th -40th) (A)
[式B]
Asp-Thr-Ala-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Leu-(1st - 12th)
-Thr-Ala-Ala-Asn-Ala-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Glu-Leu-(13th -23th)
-Thr-Ala-Ala-Asn-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-(24th -34th)
-Thr-Ala-Arg (HPLC6, 37残基) (35th -37th) (B)
[式C]
Asp-Thr-Ala-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Leu-(1st - 12th)
-Thr-Ala-Ala-Asn-Ala-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Lys-Leu-(13th -23th)
-Thr-Ala-Asp-Asn-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-(24th -34th)
-Thr-Ala-Arg (HPLC8, 37残基) (35th -37th) (C)
[式D]
Asp-Thr-Ala-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-(1st - 12th)
-Thr-Ala-Ala-Ala-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Glu-Lys-(13th -23th)
-Thr-Ala-Arg-Asp-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-(24th -34th)
-Thr-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Arg (AP, 40残基) (35th -40th) (D)
BpAFPは40残基からなるペプチドである。大腸菌を宿主とした遺伝子組換え発現系ではC末端へのアミド化を含む化学修飾は起こらないため、アミド化を代替するために、BpAFPの41番目にGly(グリシン)を新たに付加した。
BpAFPの生体材料保護活性を評価する為に、実施例1および2の方法を用いて取得した高純度BpAFP粉末試料(天然物)およびBpAFP遺伝子組換え物(粉末試料)をそれぞれ添加した細胞保存液を用いて、マウス膵島細胞RIN−5Fを4℃のチルド状態で保存したときの、細胞の生存率を調べた。ここで、細胞の生存率は、全細胞数(死細胞数+生細胞数)に占める生細胞数の割合とBpAFP濃度および保存時間との関係から調べた。高純度BpAFP粉末試料(天然物)を添加した細胞保存液の濃度は、それぞれ、10mg/mL、25mg/mL、50mg/mL、100mg/mL、200mg/mLであり、BpAFP遺伝子組換え物(粉末試料)を添加した細胞保存液の濃度は、10mg/mLであった。
生細胞率(生存率)(%)=保存実験後の生細胞数/保存実験の開始時の生細胞数×100
を用いて、生存率を算出した。結果を図4に示す。
実施例1および2の方法を用いて取得した高純度BpAFP粉末試料(天然物)およびBpAFP遺伝子組換え物の粉末試料について、AFPの氷核結合能力の指標となる熱ヒステリシス値を測定した。この実験には、図5に示す冷却ステージ付き光学顕微鏡(DMLB 100:Leica,Germany)、温度制御装置(THMS600:Linkam,U.K.)、CCDカメラ(COLOR VIDEO 3CCD:SONY,Japan)およびパソコンから構成される実験システム(非特許文献2)を用いた。高純度BpAFP粉末試料(天然物)およびBpAFP遺伝子組換え物は、AFPの熱ヒステリシス活性測定に通常用いられる25mM重炭酸アンモニウム水溶液(pH=7.9)に溶解して使用した。
BpAFPは、通常の蛋白質には見いだされない優れた水溶性を有していた。式(A)で表される本発明のペプチド(配列番号1)は、式(B)、(C)、および(D)よりも、Alaの含める割合がさらに高い。通常Alaは、疎水性のメチル基を側鎖とするアミノ酸であるため、本発明のペプチドは疎水性の高い性質を有し、単独では水に難溶であることが予想されていた。蒸留水および25mM重炭酸アンモニウム水溶液(pH7.9)を用いて既知の不凍ペプチドおよび一般的な蛋白質を溶解したときの限界濃度は通常0.1〜10mg/mLの範囲にある。これに対し、本発明のペプチドは約650mg/mLもの高い溶解度を有していることが明らかになった。
熱ヒステリシス活性の測定においては、様々な濃度のBpAFPサンプルを用いて行った。測定に供するBpAFPの溶液を図5B左側に示す内径1mm長さ17mmのガラスキャピラリーの中央部に0.8μL装填した。このときキャピラリーからの溶媒の蒸発とこれに伴う試料濃度の変化を防ぐためにキャピラリーの両端にミネラルオイルを充填した。このとき両者の間に空気を挟むことでBpAFP試料液とミネラルオイルの接触を防いだ。この状態のキャピラリーを図5B右側に示す銅製ホルダーの孔の中に挿入し、BpAFPサンプル液の部分がホルダー中央に空けた孔の位置に来るようにセットした。この状態のホルダーを図5A右側に示す冷却ステージの中に設置し、顕微鏡の視野の中にBpAFP液が映り込むようにした。冷却ステージの蓋を閉じ、冷却速度55℃/分でステージの温度を降下させてBpAFP液を全面凍結させた。
水溶液中に存在するBpAFPが不凍活性を有し氷核に結合するかどうかを、水溶液の凍結時に発生した氷結晶の形状を観察することによって評価した。AFPが存在するときには、氷結晶が図7Aのイラストならびに写真で示す様なバイピラミダル型と呼ばれる特徴的な形状に変形する。一方、AFPが存在しない時や不凍活性を失った場合には、氷結晶は円盤状になる(図7A、B)。この評価法を、熱処理を行ったBpAFPに適用し、BpAFPの熱安定性を評価した結果を図7に示す。
濃度が5mg/mLの寒天ゲルをプリンカップにより作製した後に、一般的な冷凍冷蔵庫の冷凍室の中に静置した。一昼夜をかけて凍結させた後に、それらの凍結した寒天ゲルを冷凍庫から取り出し、室温で解凍した後に撮影した画像を図8のE1〜E5に示す。ここではE1〜E5を便宜的に凍結解凍品と呼ぶことにする。すなわちE1は、実施例1で得られた高純度BpAFP粉末試料(天然物)を添加していない寒天ゲルの凍結解凍品である。このように、高純度BpAFP粉末試料(天然物)を含まない寒天ゲルの内部には図8Cで示されるような水の凍結すなわち氷核の融合が起こるため、それが高分子鎖ネットワークを物理的に圧迫して破壊してしまう。その結果、寒天ゲルの形状は保持されず、保水能力も失われることがE1で示される。
Claims (9)
- 下記(a)〜(e)から選択される単離ペプチド;
(a)Asp-Thr-Ala-Ser-Asp-(Ala)7-Thr-(Ala)10-Thr-Ala-Lys-(Ala)3-Glu-(Ala)4-Thr-(Ala)4-Arg(配列番号1)のアミノ酸配列で表されるペプチド、
(b)配列願号1のアミノ酸配列を含んでなるペプチドであって、生体材料保護活性を有するペプチド、
(c)配列番号1のアミノ酸配列において、1若しくは数個のアミノ酸残基が欠失、付加、挿入または置換されたアミノ酸配列で表されるペプチドであって、生体材料保護活性を有するペプチド、
(d)配列番号1のアミノ酸配列と86%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列で表されるペプチドであって、生体材料保護活性を有するペプチド、および
(e)下記式Iのアミノ酸配列で表されるペプチドであって、生体材料保護活性を有するペプチド:
式I:X1-[Thr-Ala-X2-X3-Ala-Ala-X4-Y]n-Thr-Y-Z (I)
(式中、X1がAspまたはGluであって、ZがArg、LysまたはHisであり、nは1〜5であり、
X2は、独立して、Ala、SerまたはLysであり、
X3は、独立して、AlaまたはAspであり、
X4は、独立して、AlaまたはGluであり、
Yは、Ala-Ala-Ala-Alaである)。 - 合成ペプチドである、請求項1に記載の単離ペプチド。
- C末端に位置する官能基が、アミド化されているか、または、C末端にさらにアミノ酸が付加されている、請求項1または2に記載のペプチド。
- C末端にさらに付加されているアミノ酸が、グリシン(Gly)である、請求項3に記載のペプチド。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドを有効成分として含んでなる、生体材料保護剤。
- 生体材料保護剤が、生体材料の生存率改善剤である、請求項5に記載の生体材料保護剤。
- 生体材料が、細胞、組織および臓器から選択される、請求項5または6に記載の生体材料保護剤。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドを準備し、
該ペプチドと、水性媒体と、生体材料とを低温状態で共存させることを含んでなる、生体材料保護方法。 - 生体材料の生存率を改善する、請求項8に記載の生体材料保護方法。
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