JP6620029B2 - 球状粒子からなる金属粉末 - Google Patents
球状粒子からなる金属粉末 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6620029B2 JP6620029B2 JP2016019607A JP2016019607A JP6620029B2 JP 6620029 B2 JP6620029 B2 JP 6620029B2 JP 2016019607 A JP2016019607 A JP 2016019607A JP 2016019607 A JP2016019607 A JP 2016019607A JP 6620029 B2 JP6620029 B2 JP 6620029B2
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 138
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100132433 Arabidopsis thaliana VIII-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100459319 Arabidopsis thaliana VIII-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
-
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- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/007—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silver
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
- C22C38/105—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt containing Co and Ni
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
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- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/15—Nickel or cobalt
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- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/35—Iron
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- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
Y = D50 × ρ × S
この数式において、D50は粉末の累積50体積%粒子径であり、ρは粉末の真密度であり、Sは粉末の比表面積である。
(1)C、Mg、Al、Ti、V、Mn、Zn及びBのような、強度向上に寄与しうる元素、
(2)S、P、Bi及びSbのような、切削性に寄与する元素、
(3)C、Cr、W、Mo、N及びBのような、耐摩耗性に寄与しうる元素、
(4)Cr、Ag、Cu、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ta、W及びSnのような、耐食性に寄与しうる元素、
並びに
(5)Si、Ge、Hf、La、Ce、Nd、Pr、Gd、Tb、Dy、Yb及びYのような、磁気特性に寄与しうる元素
が例示される。粒子は、不可避的不純物を含みうる。
Y = D50 × ρ × S
この数式において、D50は粉末の累積50体積%粒子径(m)であり、ρは粉末の真密度(kg/m3)であり、Sは粉末の比表面積(m 2 /kg)である。値Yは、7.5以上24.0以下である。さらに、この粉末の累積10体積%粒子径D10は、1.0μm以上である。
d1=6/(ρ×S1)
表面に凹凸を有する粒子では、真球である粒子に比べ、表面積S1が大きい。従って、表面に凹凸を有する粒子の直径dは、真球である粒子の直径に比べて小さい。直径d1が小さな粒子では、この直径d1が、見かけ直径とは異なる。粒子の集合体である粉末では、個々の粒子の表面積の質量あたりの平均値は、比表面積Sとして表現される。従って数式で算出される値dは粉末の直径の平均値を示す。
d = 6/(ρ×S)
全ての粒子が真球である粉末では、粒子径D50は直径dと等しい。一方、粒子が凹凸を有する場合、粒子径D50は直径dよりも大きい。本発明者らは、鋭意検討の結果、(d・D50)が0.25以上0.8以下である粉末が流動性に優れることを見いだした。この粉末では、値Yは、7.5以上24.0以下である。
Ro = 4πS/L2
この数式において、Sは粒子又はその断面の投影面積であり、Lはこの投影像の輪廓長である。投影面積S及び輪廓長Lの測定には、例えば画像解析装置が用いられる。
[合金の準備]
下記の表1に示された組成IからIXを有する合金を、準備した。
表1に示された9種の合金から、表2−10に示された、実施例1−162及び比較例1−54の金属粉末を得た。各粉末は、多数の粒子に、篩いによる分級が施されることで得られた。この粒子は、水アトマイズ法、ガスアトマイズ法又はディスクアトマイズ法により得られた。以下に示す通り、「JIS Z 2502」の規定に準拠して各粉末の流動度を測定し、流動性を評価した。この流動性は、造形物及び被覆層の強度と相関する。
実施例1−18及び比較例1−6の粉末の流動度を測定し、下記の基準に従って格付けした。
S:20.0s/50g未満
A:20.0s/50g以上22.0s/50g未満
B:22.0s/50g以上24.0s/50g未満
C:24.0s/50g以上26.0s/50g未満
F:26.0s/50g以上(又は流動せず)
この結果が、下記の表2に示されている。
実施例19−36及び比較例7−12の粉末の流動度を測定し、下記の基準に従って格付けした。
S:21.0s/50g未満
A:21.0s/50g以上23.0s/50g未満
B:23.0s/50g以上25.0s/50g未満
C:25.0s/50g以上27.0s/50g未満
F:27.0s/50g以上(又は流動せず)
この結果が、下記の表3に示されている。
実施例37−54及び比較例13−18の粉末の流動度を測定し、下記の基準に従って格付けした。
S:21.0s/50g未満
A:21.0s/50g以上23.0s/50g未満
B:23.0s/50g以上25.0s/50g未満
C:25.0s/50g以上27.0s/50g未満
F:27.0s/50g以上(又は流動せず)
この結果が、下記の表4に示されている。
実施例55−72及び比較例19−24の粉末の流動度を測定し、下記の基準に従って格付けした。
S:17.0s/50g未満
A:17.0s/50g以上19.0s/50g未満
B:19.0s/50g以上21.0s/50g未満
C:21.0s/50g以上23.0s/50g未満
F:23.0s/50g以上(又は流動せず)
この結果が、下記の表5に示されている。
実施例73−90及び比較例25−30の粉末の流動度を測定し、下記の基準に従って格付けした。
S:25.0s/50g未満
A:25.0s/50g以上27.0s/50g未満
B:27.0s/50g以上29.0s/50g未満
C:31.0s/50g以上33.0s/50g未満
F:33.0s/50g以上(又は流動せず)
この結果が、下記の表6に示されている。
実施例91−108及び比較例31−36の粉末の流動度を測定し、下記の基準に従って格付けした。
S:15.0s/50g未満
A:15.0s/50g以上17.0s/50g未満
B:17.0s/50g以上19.0s/50g未満
C:21.0s/50g以上23.0s/50g未満
F:23.0s/50g以上(又は流動せず)
この結果が、下記の表7に示されている。
実施例109−126及び比較例37−42の粉末の流動度を測定し、下記の基準に従って格付けした。
S:27.0s/50g未満
A:27.0s/50g以上29.0s/50g未満
B:29.0s/50g以上31.0s/50g未満
C:33.0s/50g以上35.0s/50g未満
F:35.0s/50g以上(又は流動せず)
この結果が、下記の表8に示されている。
実施例127−144及び比較例43−48の粉末の流動度を測定し、下記の基準に従って格付けした。
S:18.0s/50g未満
A:18.0s/50g以上20.0s/50g未満
B:20.0s/50g以上22.0s/50g未満
C:22.0s/50g以上24.0s/50g未満
F:24.0s/50g以上(又は流動せず)
この結果が、下記の表9に示されている。
実施例145−162及び比較例49−54の粉末の流動度を測定し、下記の基準に従って格付けした。
S:12.0s/50g未満
A:12.0s/50g以上14.0s/50g未満
B:14.0s/50g以上16.0s/50g未満
C:16.0s/50g以上18.0s/50g未満
F:18.0s/50g以上(又は流動せず)
この結果が、下記の表10に示されている。
[合金の準備]
下記の表11に示された組成I−1からIX−2を有する合金を、準備した。
表11示された18種の合金から、表12−14に示された、実施例163−252及び比較例55−72の金属粉末を得た。各粉末は、多数の粒子に、篩いによる分級が施されることで得られた。この粒子は、水アトマイズ法、ガスアトマイズ法又はディスクアトマイズ法により得られた。以下に示す通り、「JIS Z 2502」の規定に準拠して各粉末の流動度を測定し、流動性を評価した。この流動性は、造形物及び被覆層の強度と相関する。
実施例163−192及び比較例55−60の粉末の流動度を測定し、下記の基準に従って格付けした。
S:20.0s/50g未満
A:20.0s/50g以上22.0s/50g未満
B:22.0s/50g以上24.0s/50g未満
C:24.0s/50g以上26.0s/50g未満
F:26.0s/50g以上(又は流動せず)
この結果が、下記の表12に示されている。
実施例193−222及び比較例61−66の粉末の流動度を測定し、下記の基準に従って格付けした。
S:22.0s/50g以下
A:22.0s/50gを超えて24.0s/50g以下
B:24.0s/50g以上26.0s/50g以下
C:26.0s/50gを超えて28.0s/50g以下
F:28.0s/50gを超える(又は流動せず)
この結果が、下記の表13に示されている。
実施例223−252及び比較例67−72の粉末の流動度を測定し、下記の基準に従って格付けした。
S:18.0s/50g未満
A:18.0s/50g以上20.0s/50g未満
B:20.0s/50g以上22.0s/50g未満
C:22.0s/50g以上24.0s/50g未満
F:24.0s/50g以上(又は流動せず)
この結果が、下記の表14に示されている。
Claims (7)
- 多数の球状粒子からなり、
Ni、Fe及びCoのうちの少なくとも1種を含んでおり、かつこのNi、Fe及びCoの合計含有率(T.C.)が、50質量%以上であり、
累積10体積%粒子径D10が、1.0μm以上であり、
下記数式によって算出される値Yが、7.5以上12.0以下である金属粉末。
Y = D50 × ρ × S
(上記数式において、D50は上記粉末の累積50体積%粒子径(m)であり、ρは上記粉末の真密度(kg/m 3 )であり、Sは上記粉末の比表面積(m 2 /kg)である。) - 上記Ni、Fe及びCoの残部が、C、Si、Cr、Mo、Al、Ti、V、W、Nb、Zn、Ta、B、Ag、Cu及びSnのうちの少なくとも1種並びに不可避不純物である請求項1に記載の粉末。
- 上記粒子径D10に対する、累積60体積%粒子径D60の比(D60/D10)が、1.0以上10.0未満である請求項1又は2に記載の粉末。
- 上記粒子径D50とモード径Dmとの比(D50/Dm)が、0.80以上1.20以下である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の粉末。
- 上記粒子の総数に対する、その円形度が0.95以上である粒子の数の比率P2が、50%以上である請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の粉末。
- 上記比率P2が80%以上である請求項5に記載の粉末。
- その酸素濃度が1000ppm未満である請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の粉末。
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