JP6195936B2 - リチウムイオン二次電池の負極用粉末 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池の負極用粉末 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6195936B2 JP6195936B2 JP2015543691A JP2015543691A JP6195936B2 JP 6195936 B2 JP6195936 B2 JP 6195936B2 JP 2015543691 A JP2015543691 A JP 2015543691A JP 2015543691 A JP2015543691 A JP 2015543691A JP 6195936 B2 JP6195936 B2 JP 6195936B2
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 103
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 100
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 76
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 59
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004489 SiLi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JJVGROTXXZVGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-] Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-] JJVGROTXXZVGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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Description
(A)リチウムイオン二次電池の負極用粉末であって、水系バインダーと共に用いられ、
炭素被覆された珪素粉末と、リチウムドープされ炭素被覆された酸化珪素粉末と、黒鉛粉末とを混合してなり、
前記炭素被覆された珪素粉末の含有率をα質量%、前記リチウムドープされ炭素被覆された酸化珪素粉末の含有率をβ質量%、前記黒鉛粉末の含有率をγ質量%、X=(α+β)/(α+β+γ)×100、Y=α/β×100とすると、下記(1)式〜(3)式の関係のいずれも満たすことを特徴とする粉末。
X<50 (1)
1≦Y≦10 (2)
−9×X+19≦Y≦−9/10×X+37 (3)
3≦Y≦8 (4)
−5/2×X+41/2≦Y≦−5/4×X+38 (5)
上述のように、本発明の負極用粉末は、リチウムイオン二次電池(以下、単に、「電池」という。)の負極材に用いられるものであり、「炭素被覆された珪素粉末と、リチウムドープされ炭素被覆された酸化珪素粉末と、黒鉛粉末とを混合してなり、前記炭素被覆された珪素粉末の含有率をα質量%、前記リチウムドープされ炭素被覆された酸化珪素粉末の含有率をβ質量%、前記黒鉛粉末の含有率をγ質量%、X=(α+β)/(α+β+γ)×100、Y=α/β×100とすると、下記(1)式〜(3)式の関係のいずれも満たす」ことを特徴とする。
X<50 (1)
1≦Y≦10 (2)
−9×X+19≦Y≦−9/10×X+37 (3)
炭素被覆された珪素粉末(以下、「炭素被覆珪素粉末」という。)、および黒鉛粉末は、いずれも、実質的にリチウムを含まないものとする。
3≦Y≦8 (4)
−5/2×X+41/2≦Y≦−5/4×X+38 (5)
0.1<d/e<0.6、かつ
0.2<e/f<0.6
であることが好ましい。この場合、粉体のハンドリングが容易であるとともに、電池のサイクル特性を高くすることができる。すなわち、d/e≦0.1、およびe/f≦0.2の少なくとも一方を満たす場合は、炭素被覆珪素粉末、炭素被覆リチウムドープ酸化珪素粉末、および黒鉛粉末が十分に混合されず、偏析を生じることがある。一方、d/e≧0.6、およびe/f≧0.6の少なくとも一方を満たす場合は、電池のサイクル特性が悪くなる。
以下、本発明の負極用粉末を製造する方法の一例について説明する。
まず、炭素被覆リチウムドープ酸化珪素粉末と、炭素被覆珪素粉末と、黒鉛粉末とを用意する。
放電容量比は、比較例1の電池の初回放電容量に対する、比較例2〜6、および実施例1〜8の初回放電容量の割合である。初回放電容量は、以下に説明するサイクル特性の測定方法において、1サイクル目の放電容量である。
I=1500mAh/g×M×10−3×0.1
として算出した。
×:不可;200%以下
○:良好;200%より高く、かつ220%未満
◎:特に良好;220%より高い
図2は、X、およびYの値と、電池評価の総合評価との関係を示す図である。図2で、太線で囲んだ範囲が、本願発明の範囲であり、破線で囲んだ範囲が、本願発明の範囲のうち、より好ましい範囲である。
Claims (3)
- リチウムイオン二次電池の負極用粉末であって、水系バインダーと共に用いられ、
炭素被覆された珪素粉末と、リチウムドープされ炭素被覆された酸化珪素粉末と、黒鉛粉末とを混合してなり、
前記炭素被覆された珪素粉末の含有率をα質量%、前記リチウムドープされ炭素被覆された酸化珪素粉末の含有率をβ質量%、前記黒鉛粉末の含有率をγ質量%、X=(α+β)/(α+β+γ)×100、Y=α/β×100とすると、下記(1)式〜(3)式の関係のいずれも満たすことを特徴とする粉末。
X<50 (1)
1≦Y≦10 (2)
−9×X+19≦Y≦−9/10×X+37 (3) - 下記(4)式、および(5)式の関係のいずれも満たすことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の負極用粉末。
3≦Y≦8 (4)
−5/2×X+41/2≦Y≦−5/4×X+38 (5) - 前記炭素被覆された珪素粉末の体積メディアン径が、0.1〜2μmの範囲内にあることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の負極用粉末。
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PCT/JP2014/004550 WO2015059859A1 (ja) | 2013-10-24 | 2014-09-04 | リチウムイオン二次電池の負極用粉末 |
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DE102016208250A1 (de) * | 2015-05-19 | 2016-11-24 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Elektrode, Energiespeichervorrichtung und elektronische Vorrichtung |
KR102278996B1 (ko) | 2017-10-27 | 2021-07-20 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 실리콘-탄소 복합체 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
JP6683221B2 (ja) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-04-15 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 負極、非水電解液二次電池、および負極の製造方法 |
KR102397296B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-10 | 2022-05-13 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 리튬 프리도핑 된 SiOx 입자의 제조 방법 |
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JP3995050B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-26 | 2007-10-24 | Jfeケミカル株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池負極材料用複合粒子およびその製造方法、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料および負極、ならびにリチウムイオン二次電池 |
WO2006011290A1 (ja) * | 2004-07-29 | 2006-02-02 | Sumitomo Titanium Corporation | 二次電池用SiO粉末およびその製造方法 |
JP5272492B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-21 | 2013-08-28 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極材及びその製造方法、ならびに非水電解質二次電池用負極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2010205609A (ja) * | 2009-03-04 | 2010-09-16 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 電極およびこれを用いた電池 |
JP5411780B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-05 | 2014-02-12 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極材及び非水電解質二次電池用負極材の製造方法並びにリチウムイオン二次電池 |
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